scholarly journals Hunting techniques and their harvest as indicators of mammal diversity and threat in Northern Angola

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Teutloff ◽  
Paulina Meller ◽  
Manfred Finckh ◽  
Almeida Segredo Cabalo ◽  
Guedes José Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Active Role ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Bushmeat Trade ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Large Animals

AbstractOver-exploitation of wildlife especially bushmeat trade is the second most important threat to animal biodiversity. This also applies to Northern Angola but data on bushmeat and hunting techniques for this region are rare. Therefore, we study the most common hunting techniques, frequently captured species, and their economic value, and discuss the local resource use in relation to Angolan law and urgent global crises like the loss of biodiversity, the food supply in South African countries, and the risk of zoonoses. We recorded bushmeat hunting in 27 localities in the province of Uíge, accompanied hunters along their snare lines and interviewed additional 20 locals. Seven main types of snares and traps and their characteristics were defined. Hunters own on average 92 ± 128.7 snares and traps and capture about 25.3 ± 23.6 animals monthly. In total, respondents recognized 28 species of mammals of which one is considered as extinct and two as very rare. The majority of recorded species are hunted regularly. Rodents are most commonly caught followed by primates and duikers. Harvesting rates decrease with species’ body size, leading to high economic value of and achievable prices for rare, large animals. Overall, our results document the hunting pressure on mammals and the persisting popularity of bushmeat in Northern Angola which poses an imminent threat to remaining mammal populations. Moreover, it endangers ecosystem integrity, rural livelihoods, and human health through the risk of new zoonoses. Our findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable solutions. The Angolan government should play a more active role in enforcing existing hunting legislation to reduce illegal bushmeat trade.

scholarly journals The state of green energy transition in regional industrial centres—The case study of Székesfehérvár

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

Abstract Industrial parks may be high pollutants of the local environment, but also engines of regional development, employment, and economic value added. To make them more sustainable, regional planning often purports to promote a transition to a greener approach, but in reality, many green measures oppose business logic and profitability, while those companies that do invest in sustainable solutions do so without having a clear strategy. This complicated setup is to be explored and modelled in this article which is focused on a remarkable area, the urban region of Székesfehérvár, an industrial city in Hungary having an impressive economic development and hosting significant domestic and international companies. The disharmony between greening policies, intentions and actions is observable in Székesfehérvár, despite the considerable local and regional potentials of renewable energy resources. Findings indicate that systemic thinking and future-oriented decision making will be necessary to achieve true sustainability, which also requires a mutually proactive attitude and the cooperation of different sectors. A legitimate strategy aiming at greening the local and regional economy (with renewable energy concerns), implemented by both public and business actors can be the key element of a successful transition. This strategy needs to be stimulated by local governance.

scholarly journals Zero hunger and malnutrition in the African continent is potentially feasible, if nutrition programs are prioritized politically and scientifically

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S93-S108
Author(s):  
Laila Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Ready To Use Foods

African countries and in particular the Sub Sahara ones contribute to the largest proportion of the global burden of poverty and associated diet-related diseases in all its forms, including micronutrient malnutrition. Malnutrition rates remain alarming: and stunting an indicator of chronic malnutrition is declining too slowly. The main objectives of the present article are to focus on 1- the current food supply and nutritional status among the vulnerable young population in African countries 2- Insight on the efforts towards reaching the global goal (2) for ending hunger within the context of the SDS2030. The methodology included urgent short- and medium-term interventions priorities programs implemented by foreign aids and international organizations for the management of severe and moderate malnutrition among African children. Details on the composition of the so-called ready-to-use foods used for treating malnourished children are presented. The outcomes of such programs with all their positives and negatives were put together as lessons to be learned and to close the information gap. The cost for treating one single malnourished child with these ready to use foods is in the range between 50 up to 200 US$. To make Goal 2 a reality by the year 2030, a number of scientific-based sustainable solutions were created and recommended for application. Maximizing the use of local food resources, and minimizing losses by applying the logarithm of linear modeling so that nutritious recipes can be formulated at the lowest cost. Capacity building of junior African academics and increased investments in research focusing on diet quality for optimizing the formulation of recipes for feeding infants and children. Strengthening scientific collaboration and exchange of visits and experiences between scientists from the 54 African countries. The establishment of an African Consortium with experts in the diverse areas of food systems to work together more effectively under the umbrella of the African Union. Keywords: African countries, Staple foods, Intake of animal-sourced foods, Severe and moderately malnourished children, Ready to use foods, SDG 2030, Sustainable nutrient-dense diets, Linear programming, Fermented foods, Intra Africa trade agreements, Political will.

STUDI PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF PADA LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT NAHDLATUL ULAMA KABUPATEN LAMONGAN

AKADEMIKA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Ah. Subhan ZA ◽  
Akmalur Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

The purpose of zakat to develop the social economic value of society is difficult to materialize if there is no active role of zakat managers (amil) who are required to be professional and innovative in managing zakat funds. The main function of the amil zakat institution lies in the activities of collecting, distributing, and utilizing zakat. The activity of collecting zakat in the history of Islam, is an activity or effort of amil in collecting zakat by picking up or taking from the place of amil. In addition to taking zakat, the amils who are in charge of taking zakat must also pray for those who pay zakat.This study aims to determine the implementation of productive zakat fund management and empowerment of the poor on zakat funds that are given by LAIZSNU Lamongan. By using the case study method, so as to be able to photograph how LAZISNU Lamongan's performance is in managing productive zakat funds . Lazisnu Lamongan has 3 zakat distribution programs, namely humanitarian, health and economic assistance. The mustahik empowerment program is included in the economic assistance program.

Study on the price of water rights trading between agriculture and industry based on emergy theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2044-2053
Author(s):  
Wenge Zhang ◽  
Li Tan ◽  
Huijuan Yin ◽  
Xinwei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Emergy Theory ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A water rights trading scheme in China is currently in its initial stage of development, but is without a complete pricing mechanism. This paper proposes a pricing model for transfers of water rights from agriculture to industry in water-deficient areas of China. Both the cost price and the earnings price are considered and incorporated into the model. The cost price includes construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, renewal and reconstruction costs, and economic compensation for ecological damage. The earnings price is calculated according to a reasonable return coefficient and the difference in economic value of the water resources to the buyer and seller. The value of water resources was estimated based on emergy theory in accordance with the principle of mutual benefits equilibrium. This pricing model is then applied to the transfer of surplus water rights arising from agricultural water conservation schemes to industrial uses in the Southbank Ordos Irrigation Zone of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results indicate that this pricing model could provide technical support to the scientific and reasonable pricing of water rights transactions in water-deficient areas and that it could play an active role in promoting the healthy development of future water markets.

Processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1097
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye ◽  
Olusola Timothy Bolaji ◽  
Titilope Adebusola Abegunde ◽  
Taofeek Olawale Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to review processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa. Most countries in Africa are faced with a major challenge of protein malnutrition as a result of high cost of animal proteins. This has encouraged more research works in the use of wild or game meat to meet the much-needed animal proteins. Design/methodology/approach Previous literatures on the above subject matter were reviewed. In many African countries, the use of snails, rodents and other small livestock in the wild could help in improving the nutritional needs of the people in both urban and rural areas, as well as adding economic value through income generation to the local people. Findings Snails are very rich in dietary protein, low in fat and cholesterol and are good sources of iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. Previous studies showed that snail meat contains 70 per cent of water and its dry matter contains high amounts of essential amino acids such as lysine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. Research studies have shown that snail contains calcium orthophosphate, a chemical substrate that could alleviate and reduce kidney diseases. Also, the glandular substances found in edible snails were found to have antimicrobial activities that cause agglutination of certain bacteria, which could be used against some ailments like whooping cough. As snail meat products have high nutritional value, spoilage sets in after one or two days after harvesting, and therefore, the preservation of snail meat has become a major concern to farmers, processors and consumers. Several preservation techniques could be adopted, which include smoking, sun drying, convectional drying and the use of natural or artificial preservatives. These methods have been found to reduce microbial load of snail meat and help to extend shelf life and keeping quality of snail meat. Originality/value This review X-rayed the importance of snail meat in the human diet and how this could be explored to enhance protein nutrition in developing countries.

Africa’s Voice in the Formation, Shaping and Redesign of International Investment Law 

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-481
Author(s):  
Makane Moïse Mbengue
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
International Investment ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Africa has often been presented as an ‘investment rules taker’, despite its longstanding contribution to the formation and shaping of the international investment regime. The present contribution seeks to analyze why Africa has been perceived as such and attempts to shed light on the active role that African countries have played since their independence in the development of the investment regime and also in the promotion of the ICSID system. The contribution also explores new avenues that are provided through the ‘Africanization’ of international investment law and their impact on the current redesign of the investment regime. It finally suggests options regarding the current negotiations of an Investment Protocol at the level of the African Union and ways to reinforce synergies between ICSID and the African Union.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Index-Based Livestock Insurance in the North West of South Africa

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Samuel Oduniyi ◽  
Michael Akwasi Antwi ◽  
Sibongile Sylvia Tekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Rural livelihoods in most developing countries are threatened by climate-related risks such as drought, flood, heat waves, storms, and so on. Although farmers have adopted several adaptation strategies, they have proven less effective than hoped. Hence, index-based livestock insurance, an innovation that significantly assists farmers to acclimatise to climate-related risks, has been proposed; and its adaptability has attracted a notable increase in other African countries. However, the success of its adoption is dependent on the inclination of the farmers to pay for the service. Accordingly, this study investigates their willingness to pay for index-based livestock insurance and its determinants, and the factors influencing the total livestock units to be insured in the North West province of South Africa. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 277 cattle farmers, drawn randomly from the study area. The contingent valuation method was applied to determine the farmers’ willingness to pay; and only 10.8% were willing to pay. Simultaneously, the Heckit sample selection model was used to analyse the data to identify the factors responsible for farmers’ willingness to pay and total livestock units to insure. The findings revealed that farmer’s experience, age, education, marital status, awareness of insurance and household dependents were statistically significant, and influenced the maximum price R600 ($42, max willingness to pay, WTP) of those who accepted index-based livestock insurance. However, by implication, the study concluded that to adopt index-based livestock insurance in the study area among the livestock farmers, there should be policies to cater for the aforementioned factors.

scholarly journals Potensi Bibit Sotong untuk Pengembangan Keragaman Budidaya Nelayan Kecil sebagai Strategi Konsevasi Lamun di Perairan Pesisir Lombok Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Abdul Syukur ◽  
Agil Al-Idrus ◽  
Lalu Muhammad Imam Husaini M. Nasir ◽  
Pahmi Pahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Sepia Pharaonis ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Marine Culture ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Diversification of marine culture has an effective value for the sustainability of the livelihoods of small fishermen. In addition it can play a role in preventing the threat of utilization that is not environmentally friendly. Cuttlefish is one of the types of marine biota commodity that has high economic value and has the potential to be developed as a fishery diversification community. The purpose of this study was to determine the indicators of the potential of cuttlefish cultivation as a diversification strategy for small fishermen's cultivation and seagrass conservation in the study location. The research method used is the method of direct observation and interviews. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the average cuttlefish seedlings were 1293.5 individuals / month and the average cuttlefish caught by fishermen landed at TPI Tanjung Luar was 1229 individuals / month consisting of three species namely Sepia latimanus, Sepia pharaonis and Sepioteuthis lessoniana. In addition, marine cultivation has developed into the choice of livelihood for small fishermen, although it is still complementary. Furthermore, the group of farmers plays an active role in preventing local threats from uses that are not environmentally friendly. The conclusion is the diversification of cultivation with cuttlefish community is of strategic value to overcome the problem of the sustainability of small fishing livelihoods and local scale seagrass conservation in the study location. Therefore, diversification of cuttlefish culture can be considered, especially at the scale of small fishermen as a policy of developing seafood products to achieve food security, both at local, regional and national scale.

scholarly journals Review of sheep and goat pox disease: current updates on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Zewdie ◽  
Getaw Derese ◽  
Belayneh Getachew ◽  
Hassen Belay ◽  
Mirtneh Akalu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Indirect Contact

AbstractSheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. Currently, CaPV infection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) has been distributed widely and are prevalent in Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity (75-100% in endemic areas) and mortality (10-85%). Additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. To date, attenuated vaccines originating from KSGPV O-180 strains are effective and widely used in Ethiopia to control CaPV throughout the country. This vaccine strain is clinically safe to control CaPV in small ruminants but not in cattle which may be associated with insufficient vaccination coverage and the production of low-quality vaccines.

scholarly journals New Private Media in French-Speaking West African Countries: Problems and Prospects

Afrika Focus ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 85-117
Author(s):  
Frere Marie-Soleil
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Active Role ◽  
West African ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Press ◽  
French Speaking

In this paper, we will try to take a closer look at the rise of the democratic transition in two French-speaking West African countries: Benin, often referred to as “the country where it all started”, and Niger that can be considered as one of the weak copies of the Beninese model. In the first part of the paper, we will try to show how the democratic experiment took place in both countries and how private and government-owned media came to play an active role in all main political changes. In the second part, we will take a closer look at the role of the new private written press in the democratic transition and try to mention the main problems facing both the press and the democracy implementation. Eventually, we will mention the recent political events that occurred in Benin and Niger, showing that the democratic process has generated very different outcomes.

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