Study on the price of water rights trading between agriculture and industry based on emergy theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2044-2053
Author(s):  
Wenge Zhang ◽  
Li Tan ◽  
Huijuan Yin ◽  
Xinwei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cost Price ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Emergy Theory ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A water rights trading scheme in China is currently in its initial stage of development, but is without a complete pricing mechanism. This paper proposes a pricing model for transfers of water rights from agriculture to industry in water-deficient areas of China. Both the cost price and the earnings price are considered and incorporated into the model. The cost price includes construction costs, operation and maintenance costs, renewal and reconstruction costs, and economic compensation for ecological damage. The earnings price is calculated according to a reasonable return coefficient and the difference in economic value of the water resources to the buyer and seller. The value of water resources was estimated based on emergy theory in accordance with the principle of mutual benefits equilibrium. This pricing model is then applied to the transfer of surplus water rights arising from agricultural water conservation schemes to industrial uses in the Southbank Ordos Irrigation Zone of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results indicate that this pricing model could provide technical support to the scientific and reasonable pricing of water rights transactions in water-deficient areas and that it could play an active role in promoting the healthy development of future water markets.

scholarly journals Can Water Rights Trading Scheme Promote Regional Water Conservation in China? Evidence from a Time-Varying DID Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Fang ◽  
Fengping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Regional Water

Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017, we adopt a time-varying difference-in-differences (time-varying DID) model to estimate the impact of water rights trading scheme on regional water consumption. The results show that water rights trading can significantly promote water conservation in the pilot regions by 3.1% compared to that in the non-pilot regions, and a series of robustness tests show consistent results. Policy effects are mainly driven by improving water-use efficiency and adjusting water structure; that is, by transferring water resources from the agricultural sector to the other sectors, agricultural water efficiency is improved and water conflict among sectors is alleviated; thus, water saving is achieved. In addition, by constructing two indexes of regional water pressure and tradable water resources, our heterogeneity analysis shows that water rights trading performs better in areas with high water pressure and large tradable water resources. Under the high pressure of large water use and low water endowment, water rights trading will evidently reduce water consumption more so than in the low-pressure regions, and with water rights trading, it is hard to achieve a policy effect in regions without sufficient tradable water resources. This paper provides important policy implications for China for further promoting the water rights trading scheme in the field of resource conservation.

Water Security and Technological Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-188
Author(s):  
Rhett B. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Cloud Seeding ◽  
Smart Appliances

For many, the promise of technological innovation is a source of optimism in the pursuit of water security. Improved technologies allow us to use water more efficiently and conserve our water resources. But some of these technologies face legal obstacles, or else, in the case of smart appliances and meters, cultural opposition. Water augmentation technologies could conceivably increase our water supply, through desalination or cloud seeding. But these technologies have environmental costs and raise complex questions regarding water allocation and equity as wealthy countries and communities augment their water supplies through costly means. Additionally, water represents both our hope and greatest challenge for a future among the stars. This chapter discusses the role of water law in advancing technologies for water conservation, managing technologies for water augmentation, and imagining the future legal regimes associated with water rights on other planets.

scholarly journals Study on the Pricing of Water Rights Transaction between Irrigation Water Users Based on Cooperative Game in China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Xinjian Guan ◽  
Qiongying Du ◽  
Wenge Zhang ◽  
Baoyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Transaction Prices ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

China’s water rights transaction is still in the initial stage of development. There is no systematic pricing method for water rights transactions between farmers. This paper puts forward a pricing model of water rights transactions among farmers in water-deficient areas. The price of water rights transaction consists of cost price and earnings price. The earnings price is determined by studying the crop water production function, calculating the crop’s marginal benefit of the two parties, and combining the Cooperative Game Theory. Finally, the pricing model was applied to the water rights transactions among the farmers of Hetao Irrigation District of Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Results showed that under the A4 trading strategy, the overall income increased without losing the interests of any farmer. The increasing income of the three farmer households N1, N2, and N3 after the alliance was 8.14 thousand dollars, 4.66 thousand dollars, and 20.33 thousand dollars, respectively, and the water rights transaction prices of N3 and N1, N2 were respectively 0.485 $/m³, 0.565 $/m³. It is estimated that the model can provide a scientific basis for water rights trading between farmers and the efficient use of water resources.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL DROP OUTS IN TAMAN SARI, DISTRICT BOGOR REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Stefani Nawati EKORESTI
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Skills Education ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Life Skills Education

Taman Sari Sub-District, Bogor Regency has the potential for fertile soil. But these lands have not been tilled properly. Narrow housing conditions, especially for poor people, do not allow residents to plant crops. Causing the lack of consumption of vegetables; which causes residents become easily sick. In addition, there is also a lot of plastic waste, especially bottled drinking water and other things that come from tourists and fishermen who have not been processed. This condition gave rise to the idea to provide life skills training in making vertical gardens, hydroponic plants and waste management. Besides the need for makeup and haircutting skills also needed especially for orphans fostered by Yasayan Usawatun Hasanah. Community Service Activities (PkM) aims to foster community awareness of the cleanliness of the environment and empower citizens to be more creative and entrepreneurial. Therefore, in addition to the types of activities requested by the residents, UPBJJ-UT Bogor will also teach about identifying the economic value of the work done in the form of determining the cost of goods sold / production. This activity was attended by 50 orphans and it ran smoothly and successfully. Now orphans already have life skills that hope can lift their economy.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMAU KABUPATEN KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Deni K.L. Mudin ◽  
Paulus Un ◽  
Lika Bernadina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Average

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the high economic value commodities in the dry land area. This commodity also contributes to the social life of the dry land area. This research has been conducted in Semau Sub-district, Kupang Regency, with the aim to determine the amount of income, break event point (BEP), R / C ratio, efficiency of capital use and factors that affect the income of peanuts farming, with the number of farmer respondents as many as 92 people , simple randomly selected. Data that has been collected by survey, library and interview methods; analyzed quantitatively-descriptive using regression methods. The results showed that the total average income of peanut farming in the study location was IDR 1,739,895 with a total average income of IDR 3,498,261 and a total average cost of IDR 1,758,366. While the break event point average of production is 147 Kg and the break event point price is IDR. 6.509, while for the total average the R / C ratio is 1.99. With factors that affect income are production (X1), seed costs (X2), and labor costs (X3). From the regression results with the Cobb-Douglass function the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.822 with the meaning that variations in independent variables such as production, seed costs and labor costs explain the dependent variable namely income (Y) of 82.20% and the rest 17.80 % is explained by variables outside of the variables analyzed. From the results of the F test (diversity test) it was found that the factors X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect on income at ⍺ 1%, then accept H1 at least one of: βi ≠ 0. Whereas the results of the t test (partial test) obtained that factors significant effect on income, namely production (X1) and labor costs (X2), while the cost of seeds (X3) does not significantly affect income.

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

Counting Fish: Environmental Benefits Calculation for Avoided Costs Analysis in Urban Water Use Efficiency Planning

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Shulte Joung ◽  
Mary Ann Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Urban Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

This report documents a project undertaken for the California Urban Water Conservation Council to create a method to calculate water utility avoided costs and assign economic value to the environmental benefits of raw water savings as a result of implementing urban water conservation programs. It is assumed that water savings associated with implementation of conservation programs can be quantified and represented as a reduction in the demand for water from a particular set of supply sources. This demand reduction may in turn result in a change to the availability of an environmental benefit provided by that source. Environmental valuation, as it is applied here, is relatively new and there are numerous complications, ambiguities, data gaps and differences of opinion in the application of the methodology. For that reason, this report should be considered a pioneering effort to put together all the required elements in a single coherent framework.

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts at Incheon Airport, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6965
Author(s):  
In-Gyum Kim ◽  
Hye-Min Kim ◽  
Dae-Geun Lee ◽  
Byunghwan Lim ◽  
Hee-Choon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
The Cost

Meteorological information at an arrival airport is one of the primary variables used to determine refueling of discretionary fuel. This study evaluated the economic value of terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF), which has not been previously quantitatively analyzed in Korea. The analysis data included 374,716 international flights that arrived at Incheon airport during 2017–2019. A cost–loss model was used for the analysis, which is a methodology to evaluate forecast value by considering the cost and loss that users can expect, considering the decision-making result based on forecast utilization. The value was divided in terms of improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual average TAF value for Incheon Airport was approximately 2.2 M–20.1 M USD under two hypothetical rules of refueling of discretionary fuel. This value is up to 26.2% higher than the total budget of 16.3 M USD set for the production of aviation meteorological forecasts by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Further, it is up to 10 times greater than the 2 M USD spent on aviation meteorological information fees collected by the KMA in 2018.

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