scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Post-Diagnosis Behavior Change on HIV Prevalence in Southern California Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya S. Khanna ◽  
Steven M. Goodreau ◽  
Pamina M. Gorbach ◽  
Eric Daar ◽  
Susan J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Introducing pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men in Sweden: insights from a mathematical pair formation model

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Disa Hansson ◽  
Susanne Strömdahl ◽  
Ka Yin Leung ◽  
Tom Britton
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesSince 2017, the Public Health Agency of Sweden recommends that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV should be offered to high-risk individuals, in particular to men who have sex with men (MSM). The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model investigating the effect of introducing PrEP to MSM in Sweden.DesignA pair formation model, including steady and casual sex partners, is developed to study the impact of introducing PrEP. Two groups are included in the model: sexually high active MSM and sexually low active MSM. Three mixing assumptions between the groups are considered.SettingA gay-friendly MSM HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. This clinic started offering PrEP to MSM in October 2018.ParticipantsThe model is calibrated according to detailed sexual behaviour data gathered in 2015 among 403 MSM.ResultsBy targeting sexually high active MSM, a PrEP coverage of 3.5% of the MSM population (10% of all high actives) would result in the long-term HIV prevalence to drop considerably (close to 0%). While targeting only low actives would require a PrEP coverage of 35% for a similar reduction. The main effect of PrEP is the reduced susceptibility, whereas the increased HIV testing rate (every third month) among PrEP users plays a lesser role.ConclusionsTo create a multifaceted picture of the effects of interventions against HIV, we need models that include the different stages of HIV infection and real-world data on detailed sexual behaviour to calibrate the mathematical models. Our findings conclude that targeting HIV high-risk individuals, within HIV risk populations such as MSM, with PrEP programmes could greatly decrease the long-term HIV prevalence in Sweden. Therefore, risk stratification of individuals is of importance in PrEP implementation programmes, to ensure optimising the effect and cost-effectiveness of such programmes.

The impact in the UK of the Central and Eastern European HIV epidemics

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. DELPECH ◽  
Z. YIN ◽  
J. ABERNETHY ◽  
C. HILL ◽  
L. LOGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYDespite increasing migration, the impact of HIV epidemics from Central and Eastern Europe (C&EE) on the UK HIV epidemic remains small. C&EE-born adults comprised 1·2% of adults newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK between 2000 and 2007. Most C&EE-born women probably acquired their infection heterosexually in C&EE. In contrast, 59% of C&EE-born men reported sex with men, half of whom probably acquired their infection in the UK. Previously undiagnosed HIV prevalence in C&EE-born sexual-health-clinic attendees was low (2007, 0·5%) as was overall HIV prevalence in C&EE-born women giving birth in England (2007, <0·1%). The high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) suggests under-reporting of this group in C&EE HIV statistics and/or migration of MSM to the UK. In addition to reducing HIV transmission in injecting drug users, preventative efforts aimed at C&EE-born MSM both within their country of origin and the UK are required.

Comparing the Impact of Religious Discourse on HIV/AIDS in Islam and Christianity in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloane Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.

scholarly journals Telemedicine Experience of General Surgery Trainees: Impact on Patient Care and Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110234
Author(s):  
Brandon J Nakashima ◽  
Navpreet Kaur ◽  
Chelsey Wongjirad ◽  
Kenji Inaba ◽  
Mohd Raashid Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Southern California ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
General Surgery Residency ◽  
Surgical Training Program ◽  
Current Utilization ◽  
Surgery Resident ◽  
The Impact

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on patient care, including the increased utilization of contact-free clinic visits using telemedicine. We looked to assess current utilization of, experience with, and opinions regarding telemedicine by general surgery residents at an academic university–based surgical training program. Design A response-anonymous 19-question survey was electronically distributed to all general surgery residents at a single academic university–based general surgery residency program. Setting University of Southern California (USC) general surgery residency participants: Voluntarily participating general surgery residents at the University of Southern California. Results The response rate from USC general surgery residents was 100%. A majority of residents (76%) had utilized either video- or telephone-based visits during their careers. No resident had undergone formal training to provide telemedicine, although most residents indicated a desire for training (57.1%) and acknowledged that telemedicine should be a part of surgical training (75.6%). A wide variety of opinions regarding the educational experience of residents participating in telemedicine visits was elicited. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic brought telemedicine to the forefront as an integral part of future patient care, including for surgical patients. Additional investigations into nationwide telemedicine exposure and practice among United States general surgery residencies is imperative, and the impact of the implementation of telemedicine curricula on general surgery resident telemedicine utilization, comfort with telemedicine technology, and patient outcomes are further warranted. Competencies Practice-based learning, systems-based practice, interpersonal and communication skills

scholarly journals The Importance of Studying Health Behavior in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 827-827
Author(s):  
Jaime Hughes ◽  
Susan Hughes ◽  
Mina Raj ◽  
Janet Bettger
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Behavior change is an inherent aspect of routine geriatric care. However, most research and clinical programs emphasis how to initiate behavior change with less emphasis placed on skills and strategies to maintain behaviors over time, including after an intervention has concluded. This presentation will provide an introduction to the symposium, including a review of prior work and our rationale for studying the critical yet overlooked construct of maintenance in older adults. Several key considerations in our work include the impact of multiple chronic conditions, declines in cognitive and functional capacity over time, changes in environmental context and/or social support, and sustainability of community and population-level programs and services.

scholarly journals Estimation of HIV Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Testing Frequency among Sexually Active Men Who Have Sex with Men, Aged 18–64 Years—New York City, 2002

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Manning ◽  
Lorna E. Thorpe ◽  
Chitra Ramaswamy ◽  
Anjum Hajat ◽  
Melissa A. Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Testing Frequency ◽  
Sex With Men

Of ‘prostitutes’ and ‘AIDS people’: Feminization of HIV and AIDS in South-eastern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Bright B. Drah
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Impact

In sub-Saharan Africa, more women than men live with HIV and women bear the largest proportion of the burden of care that is due to the epidemic. Only a few studies have documented the precise details of how women in countries with low HIV prevalence became the worst affected by the epidemic. In Ghana, the historical factors that account for high HIV infections among women and the emergence of women-led community-based HIV interventions have been less researched. This paper examines the historical (political-economic), cultural and personal factors that account for the high HIV prevalence in Manya Klo, the area worst impacted by HIV in Ghana. The paper presents the social history of the pandemic in Manya Klo and explains why Klo women are considered to be the sources of HIV in Ghana. It suggests that concentrating interventions on women helps to reduce the impact of HIV and inform national interventions. Women-focused interventions may, however, alienate other groups that can contribute to improving the lives of families affected by HIV. Therefore, women-focused interventions must be planned in a manner that engages multiple stakeholders.Keywords: Manya Krobo, queen mothers, female migration, female sex work, orphans and vulnerable children, community-based HIV initiatives

HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in New Jersey, U.S., 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Afework Wogayehu ◽  
Anindita Fahad ◽  
Christopher Menschner ◽  
Barbara Bolden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men
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