scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Brian G. Rector ◽  
Anna Skoracka ◽  
Lechosław Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractQuantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17–33 °C). The development time of each stage depended significantly on temperature and it was negatively correlated with temperature increase. At high temperatures (27–33 °C), individuals had shorter developmental times, with the shortest (6 days) at 33 °C, whereas at the lowest tested temperatures (17–19 °C), developmental time was almost 3× longer. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on survival: the higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. These data provide information promoting more efficient and effective manipulation of WCM laboratory colonies, and further our understanding of the ramifications of temperature change on WCM physiology and implications for the growth and spread of this globally invasive pest.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development and mortality of Australian cockroach, Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius) (Blattodea: Blattidae

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stejskal ◽  
J. Lukáš ◽  
R. Aulický
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Thermal Constants ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Periplaneta Australasiae

The effect of temperature on the development of the 1<SUP>st</SUP> instar of <I>Periplaneta australasiae</I> (Fabr.) was studied at the four constant temperatures of 21°C, 24°C, 27°C and 30°C in temperature-controlled chambers. Mortality was 50% at 30°C, and 10% at 21°C, 24° and 27°C. Thermal constants were established by plotting linear regression to development rate. The thermal threshold for the development was 17.1°C and the thermal constant for 1<SUP>st</SUP> instar larvae was 147.1 day-degrees. As “safe temperature” (<I>t<SUB>s</SUB></I>) – the temperature to be maintained in stores or food premises to prevent the development of a pest species – we recommend 16°C.

Relative Toxicity and Residual Activity of Nanocapsules and Commercial Formulations of Pirimicarb and Pymetrozine Against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2670-2675
Author(s):  
Nariman Maroofpour ◽  
Mir Jalil Hejazi ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar ◽  
Shahzad Iranipour
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Pesticide Load

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most common pest species that has the potential to transmit more than 100 plant viruses. Controlling this pest is difficult because it has become resistant to a wide range of insecticides. Nanoformulation has the capacity to reduce the pesticide load in agriculture and thus reduce the risks on human health and the environment. In this study, nanocapsules of pirimicarb and pymetrozine were prepared using nanostructured lipid carriers. The size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules were investigated using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Zeta potential studies revealed stability of the nanocapsules of both insecticides. The encapsulation efficiencies were 85 and 81% for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The nanocapsules were spherical with sizes of 35.38 and 35.12 nm for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The LC50 values for the wettable powder (WP) and nanocapsule of pirimicarb after 48 h were 216.2 and 73.2 mg ai/l; for pymetrozine after 96 h, the values were 40.6 and 14.8 mg ai/l, respectively. Durations of residual activity for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pirimicarb were 7 and 15 d, respectively. The residual activity periods for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pymetrozine were 9 and 17 d, respectively. The results revealed that nanoencapsulation can improve performance allowing for reduced doses and increased duration of insecticidal activity for both of the insecticides tested.

scholarly journals Potential spread of pests in New Zealand through commercial transport of nursery plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
N.L. Bell ◽  
J.R. Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
North And South

This study assessed the potential for plant pests to be transported within New Zealand in association with shipments of plants among commercial nurseries in North and South Islands Searches of soil and litter sampled from three deliveries of nursery plants to Christchurch indicated there is enormous potential to vector plant pests on this pathway A diversity of nematodes seeds and arthropods was recovered including Trichodorid and Xiphinema nematodes which can vector some plant viruses and currently have limited distributions in New Zealand This small survey showed that transport of nursery plants must be an important pathway for the dispersal of a wide range of organisms within New Zealand Not only is there a direct threat to the nursery plant industry from the activity of some pest species but also there is the obvious potential to spread pathogens and arthropod pests into the wider environment

scholarly journals Brown marmorated stink bug overwintering aggregations are not regulated through vibrational signals during autumn dispersal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 201371
Author(s):  
Carol L. Bedoya ◽  
Eckehard G. Brockerhoff ◽  
Michael Hayes ◽  
Tracy C. Leskey ◽  
William R. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Vibrational Signal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Signal Production ◽  
Dispersal Period

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is regarded as one of the world's most pernicious invasive pest species, as it feeds on a wide range of economically important crops. During the autumn dispersal period, H. halys ultimately moves to potential overwintering sites, such as human-made structures or trees where it will alight and seek out a final overwintering location, often aggregating with other adults. The cues used during this process are unknown, but may involve vibrational signals. We evaluated whether vibrational signals regulate cluster aggregation in H. haly s in overwintering site selection. We collected acoustic data for six weeks during the autumn dispersal period and used it to quantify movement and detect vibrational communication of individuals colonizing overwintering shelters. Both movement and vibrational signal production increased after the second week, reaching their maxima in week four, before decaying again. We found that only males produced vibrations in this context, yet there was no correlation between movement and vibrational signals , which was confirmed through playback experiments. The cues regulating the formation of aggregations remain largely unknown, but vibrations may indicate group size.

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction of Apanteles hemara (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spoladea recurvalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
M. K. Agbodzavu ◽  
Z. Osiemo-Lagat ◽  
M. Gikungu ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
K. K. M. Fiaboe
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe temperature-dependent development of Apanteles hemara (Nixon), a larval endoparasitoid of the devastating amaranth pest Spoladea recurvalis (F.) was studied in the laboratory at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), a photoperiod of 12L:12D and a relative humidity of 60–70%. Developmental time decreased significantly with increasing temperature within the range of 15–30 °C. The parasitoid's pupal mortality, successful parasitism rate, adult emergence rate and longevity, sex ratio and fecundity were affected by temperature. The population of A. hemara failed to develop at 10 and 35 °C. The development threshold (Tmin) and the thermal constant (K) were calculated by the linear model while the lethal temperature (Tmax) was determined by the Lactin-1 model. The estimated values of Tmin, Tmax and K by the two models were 10.3 °C, 35.0 °C and 185.18 DD respectively for the total immature development. The estimated value of the optimum temperature using the Taylor model was 30.8 °C. This is the first study to report on the effect of temperature on the developmental parameters of A. hemara giving an insight into its biology. The implications of these findings for the use of A. hemara in biological control are discussed.

scholarly journals Cryptic species within the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella (Keifer) (Acari : Eriophyoidea), revealed by mitochondrial, nuclear and morphometric data

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Skoracka ◽  
Lechosław Kuczyński ◽  
Renata Santos de Mendonça ◽  
Mirosława Dabert ◽  
Wiktoria Szydło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Cytochromec Oxidase ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella (Keifer, 1969), is one of the primary pests of wheat and other cereals throughout the world. Traditional taxonomy recognises WCM as a single eriophyoid species; however, a recent study suggested that two genetic lineages of WCM in Australia might represent putative species. Here, we investigate WCM populations from different host plants in Australia, South America and Europe and test the hypothesis that WCM is, in fact, a complex of cryptic species. We used morphological data in combination with nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase subunitI (COI) and nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2) sequences. The molecular analyses did not support the monophyly of A. tosichella because the outgroup A. tulipae (Keifer, 1938) is grouped within WCM. The molecular datasets indicated the existence of distinct lineages within WCM, with the distances between lineages corresponding to interspecific divergence. Morphological analyses failed to clearly separate WCM populations and lineages, but completely separated A. tulipae from A. tosichella. The results suggest that what has been recognised historically as a single species is, in fact, a complex of several genetically isolated evolutionary lineages that demonstrate potential as cryptic species. Hence, their discrimination using solely morphological criteria may be misleading. These findings are particularly significant because of the economic importance of WCM as a direct pest and vector of plant viruses.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal genetic variation of Drosophila suzukii in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Petermann ◽  
Sabine Otto ◽  
Gerrit Eichner ◽  
Marc F. Schetelig
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Multiple Invasions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNative to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, rapidly invaded America and Europe in the past 20 years. As a crop pest of soft-skinned fruits with a wide range of host plants, it threatens the fruit industry worldwide, causing enormous economic losses. To control this invasive pest species, an understanding of its population dynamics and structure is necessary. Here, we report the population genetics and development of SWD in Germany from 2017–19 using microsatellite markers over 11 different sample sites. It is the first study that examines SWD’s genetic changes over 3 years compared to multiple international SWD laboratory strains. Results show that SWD populations in Germany are highly homogenous without differences between populations or years, which indicates that populations are well adapted, migrate freely, and multiple invasions from outside Germany either did not take place or are negligible. Such high genetic variability and migration between populations could allow for a fast establishment of the pest species. This is especially problematic with regard to the ongoing spread of this invasive species and could bear a potential for developing pesticide resistance, which could increase the impact of the SWD further in the future.

Westward Palaearctic range expansion of Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and its arrival at Mediterranean coastal regions of Turkey and Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Onat Başbay ◽  
Mudar Salimeh ◽  
Eddie John
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Papilio Demoleus

We review the continuing and extensive spread of Papilio demoleus in south-eastern Turkey and in regions of Turkey and Syria adjacent to the north-eastern Mediterranean. Since the authors documented the arrival of this attractive but potentially destructive papilionid species at coastal areas of Syria in 2019, regular monitoring has confirmed successful overwintering there, as well as in Turkey. As previously indicated, P. demoleus is widely recognized as an invasive pest species in Citrus-growing areas of the world and hence its arrival is of potential economic importance to a region in which citrus is widely grown.

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