scholarly journals Temperature and salinity tolerances of Stage 1 zoeae predict possible range expansion of an introduced portunid crab, Charybdis japonica, in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Fowler ◽  
Nadine V. Gerner ◽  
Mary A. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Portunid Crab ◽  
Charybdis Japonica ◽  
Stage 1

scholarly journals Whole-genome sequencing from the New Zealand Saccharomyces cerevisiae population reveals the genomic impacts of novel microbial range expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Higgins ◽  
Cooper A Grace ◽  
Soon A Lee ◽  
Matthew R Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Copy Number Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae is extensively utilized for commercial fermentation, and is also an important biological model; however, its ecology has only recently begun to be understood. Through the use of whole-genome sequencing, the species has been characterized into a number of distinct subpopulations, defined by geographical ranges and industrial uses. Here, the whole-genome sequences of 104 New Zealand (NZ) S. cerevisiae strains, including 52 novel genomes, are analyzed alongside 450 published sequences derived from various global locations. The impact of S. cerevisiae novel range expansion into NZ was investigated and these analyses reveal the positioning of NZ strains as a subgroup to the predominantly European/wine clade. A number of genomic differences with the European group correlate with range expansion into NZ, including 18 highly enriched single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and novel Ty1/2 insertions. While it is not possible to categorically determine if any genetic differences are due to stochastic process or the operations of natural selection, we suggest that the observation of NZ-specific copy number increases of four sugar transporter genes in the HXT family may reasonably represent an adaptation in the NZ S. cerevisiae subpopulation, and this correlates with the observations of copy number changes during adaptation in small-scale experimental evolution studies.

scholarly journals Salvia reflexa (Lamiaceae): a new record for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Wahid Hussain ◽  
Lal Badshah ◽  
Sayed Afzal Shah ◽  
Farrukh Hussain ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
New Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Tribal Areas

Salvia reflexa Hornem., a member of the New World subgenus Calosphace, ranges from North America to southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Afghanistan in Asia, and still continues to expand its range. Here we report further range expansion for S. reflexa into the tribal areas of Pakistan and hypothesize that it has been introduced from Afghanistan. This represents a new record for the flora of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Northern range expansion and coastal occurrences of the New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gray, 1843) in the northeast Pacific

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Davidson ◽  
Valance Brenneis ◽  
Catherine de Rivera ◽  
Robyn Draheim ◽  
Graham Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Mud Snail ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail

Symmetry and Antisymmetry in Maori Rafter Designs

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. H. Donnay ◽  
Gabrielle Donnay
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Translational Symmetry ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Geometrical Symmetry ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages

The Maori settled in New Zealand in the eighth or ninth centuries A.D.; the Europeans, many centuries later. Maori meeting houses are very ornate: besides carved wood figures, painted black-red-white designs embellish rafters and structural posts. These designs stand out as highly sophisticated examples of the twenty-four known band groups of 2-dimensional 1-translational symmetry G21 and antisymmetry (G21)′ The two independent symmetry elements, periodically repeated by lattice p or antilattice p′, are any two of the following: mirror m and antimirror m′, both either transverse or longitudinal; glide plane a or antiglide plane a′, longitudinal only; and two-fold rotation axis 2 or anti-axis 2′. Pseudosymmetry is common and obviously intentional: desymmetrization is achieved by added motifs, inserted along the edges of the band, at cell boundaries or inside the main design, which possess their own symmetries, always lower than that of the original design. The resulting symmetry of the whole is the symmetry common to the superposed patterns. Desymmetrization is also obtained by topological deformations of the design or deviations from the color scheme imposed by antisymmetry. Such irregularities led to Herbert Williams' hypothesis that the artist worked in two stages: tracing the outline and working in the color [1]. This conjecture finds support in group theory: the geometrical symmetry group involving no change of color (stage 1) is turned into an antisymmetry group (stage 2), as red goes to black and black goes to red under antisymmetry operations. The international symmetry notation of crystallographers is shown to be well suited to describe the Maori designs.

scholarly journals The causes and potential mitigating strategies of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, a Theory of constraints (TOC) approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Cho Cheung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Perfect World

<p><b>The purpose of this study is to first, explore the causes of New Zealand residents’ negative perceptions of self-drive tourism, and second, create potential strategies to mitigate such negative perceptions.</b></p> <p>To investigate the two main objectives of this study, the Theory of constraints (TOC) methodology is applied. The power of the TOC methodology is its ability to understand a complex phenomenon via presentations of logic trees. In this study, the TOC methodology is applied from the construction of interview guides through to drawing conclusions. Three essential questions namely “Why change?”, “What to change?” and “What to change to?” from the change sequence of the TOC methodology are employed.</p> <p>The findings of this study are based on the interview data from four main participant groups (Self-drive tourists, government experts, tourism academic, media, 16 participants in total) as well as surveys of residents’ perceptions (Mood of the Nation and Views on Tourism). The results of the first TOC question “Why change?” examined the gap between the “perfect world” and the actual state of the self-drive tourism system, and all participant groups agreed that the current self-drive tourism system is not achieving the “perfect world”.</p> <p>Building on the results of the first TOC question, “What to change?” sought to discover the root causes and core problems via cause-and-effect logic. The causes of residents’ negative perceptions are represented in three stages, with infrastructure, driving and self-drive tourism issues in stage 1 (fundamental issues); media issues in stage 2 magnify problems in stage 1 and eventually cause perception issues in stage 3. To address the root causes and core problems, potential mitigating strategies were developed by using the TOC methodology, followed by a logic tree to test the robustness of such proposed strategies, responding to the TOC’s “What to change to?” question.</p> <p>The discussions are mainly consistent with the literature in social psychology, tourism, self-drive tourism, management, and media studies. This study also makes theoretical and practical contributions. At a theoretical level, this thesis bridges TOC methodology and tourism, to showcase how complex tourism problems can be tackled via such methodology. It also offers a holistic view to the causes of residents’ negative perceptions, and mitigating strategies are designed to address the problems holistically, rather than a piecemeal approach dealing with a few symptoms at a time. At a practical level, this study offers stakeholders with logic maps depicting the causes of residents’ negative perceptions as well as offering mitigating strategies.</p>

scholarly journals Continuous renal replacement therapy and its impact on hyperammonaemia in acute liver failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Stephen Warrillow ◽  
◽  
Caleb Fisher ◽  
Heath Tibballs ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stage 1

Objective: Hyperammonaemia contributes to complications in acute liver failure (ALF) and may be treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), but current practice is poorly understood. Design: We retrospectively analysed data for baseline characteristics, ammonia concentration, CRRT use, and outcomes in a cohort of Australian and New Zealand patients with ALF. Setting: All liver transplant ICUs across Australia and New Zealand. Participants: Sixty-two patients with ALF. Main outcome measures: Impact of CRRT on hyperammonaemia and patient outcomes. Results: We studied 62 patients with ALF. The median initial (first 24 h) peak ammonia was 132 mol/L (interquartile range [IQR], 91–172), median creatinine was 165 mol/L (IQR, 92–263) and median urea was 6.9 mmol/L (IQR, 3.1–12.0). Most patients (43/62, 69%) received CRRT within a median of 6 hours (IQR, 2–12) of ICU admission. At CRRT commencement, three-quarters of such patients did not have Stage 3 acute kidney injury (AKI): ten patients (23%) had no KDIGO creatinine criteria for AKI, 12 (28%) only had Stage 1, and ten patients (23%) had Stage 2 AKI. Compared with non-CRRT patients, those treated with CRRT had higher ammonia concentrations (median, 141 mol/L [IQR, 102–198] v 91 mol/L [IQR, 54–115]; P = 0.02), but a nadir Day 1 pH of only 7.25 (standard deviation, 0.16). Prevention of extreme hyperammonaemia (> 140 mol/L) after Day 1 was achieved in 36 of CRRT-treated patients (84%) and was associated with transplant-free survival (55% v 13%; P = 0.05). Conclusion: In Australian and New Zealand patients with ALF, CRRT is typically started early, before Stage 3 AKI or severe acidaemia, and in the presence hyperammonaemia. In these more severely ill patients, CRRT use was associated with prevention of extreme hyperammonaemia, which in turn, was associated with increased transplant-free survival.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic Modelling Identifies Suitable Habitat for the Establishment of the Invasive European Paper Wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) across the Southern Hemisphere

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Matthew W. F. Howse ◽  
John Haywood ◽  
Philip J. Lester
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Distribution Models

Species distribution models (SDMs) are tools used by ecologists to help predict the spread of invasive species. Information provided by these models can help direct conservation and biosecurity efforts by highlighting areas likely to contain species of interest. In this study, two models were created to investigate the potential range expansion of Polistes dominula Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the southern hemisphere. This palearctic species has spread to invade North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and more recently New Zealand. Using the BIOCLIM and MAXENT modelling methods, regions that were suitable for P. dominula were identified based on climate data across four regions in the southern hemisphere. In South America areas of central Chile, eastern Argentina, parts of Uruguay, and southern Brazil were identified as climatically suitable for the establishment of P. dominula. Similarly, southern parts of South Africa and Australia were identified by the model to be suitable as well as much of the North Island and east of the South Island of New Zealand. Based on outputs from both models, significant range expansion by P. dominula is possible across its more southern invaded ranges.

scholarly journals Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1658) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Boessenkool ◽  
Jeremy J Austin ◽  
Trevor H Worthy ◽  
Paul Scofield ◽  
Alan Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Human Predation ◽  
Extinction Events

Recent human expansion into the Pacific initiated a dramatic avian extinction crisis, and surviving taxa are typically interpreted as declining remnants of previously abundant populations. As a case in point, New Zealand's endangered yellow-eyed penguin ( Megadyptes antipodes ) is widely considered to have been more abundant and widespread in the past. By contrast, our genetic and morphological analyses of prehistoric, historic and modern penguin samples reveal that this species expanded its range to the New Zealand mainland only in the last few hundred years. This range expansion was apparently facilitated by the extinction of M. antipodes ' previously unrecognized sister species following Polynesian settlement in New Zealand. Based on combined genetic and morphological data, we describe this new penguin species, the first known to have suffered human-mediated extinction. The range expansion of M. antipodes so soon after the extinction of its sister species supports a historic paradigmatic shift in New Zealand Polynesian culture. Additionally, such a dynamic biological response to human predation reveals a surprising and less recognized potential for species to have benefited from the extinction of their ecologically similar sister taxa and highlights the complexity of large-scale extinction events.

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