scholarly journals The impact of macroeconomic and structural factors on the unemployment of young women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bal-Domańska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe presented article follows the research mainstream of econometric analyses focused on the assessment of correlations between youth unemployment rate and market and macroeconomic determinants, including economic growth and productivity of the economy, its structure in terms of NACE Rev.2 sections as well as the labor market tools. The research addresses 28 European Union (EU) countries. The analysis period covers the years 2008–2018. The econometric methods dedicated to panel data were used. The research results confirm the importance of the general economic condition as well as the development of knowledge-based economy for the improvement of the youth situation in the labor market. With regard to the economy structure, the development of manufacturing section importance turned out to be a major factor in female youth unemployment rate reduction. The growing importance of the construction sector translated into a decline in the unemployment rate among young men.

scholarly journals Młode pokolenie Polaków wobec rynku pracy w okresie rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 348-356
Author(s):  
Izabela Szczepaniak-Wiecha
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
S Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Time

The young people in Poland rich adulthood in the special time – the time of great transforma-tions. A series of such a factors as the globalization, the development of information andtelecommunication technology, the expansion of the services (together with the diminishing ofindustry and agriculture), and particularly the transformation in the Polish post-communistsociety made the impact on the changes in rather all aspects of the social life.The globalization produces a lot of uncertainties. The world is not indifferent to the challen-ges of civilization. The traditional Ford’s model of work is eroding. The participation in theprocess of transformation to the service based economy needs to confront and to accept thevarious relationships in the workplace and the new scope of tasks in work. High qualifiedworkers with good professional experience are more and more needed.The conclusions of the research into the students’ views on the modern labor market formedby the knowledge based economy were presented against backdrop of the social and worktransformation sketched above.

scholarly journals Unemployment and COVID-19 Impact in Greece: A Vector Autoregression (VAR) Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Christos Katris
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the scope is to study whether and how the COVID-19 situation affected the unemployment rate in Greece. To achieve this, a vector autoregression (VAR) model is employed and data analysis is carried out. Another interesting question is whether the situation affected more heavily female and the youth unemployment (under 25 years old) compared to the overall unemployment. To predict the future impact of COVID-19 on these variables, we used the Impulse Response function. Furthermore, there is taking place a comparison of the impact of the pandemic with the other European countries for overall, female, and youth unemployment rates. Finally, the forecasting ability of such a model is compared with ARIMA and ANN univariate models.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact Fiscal Fundamentals on Unemployment in Nigeria. Imperatives for Covid 19, Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ologbenla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the impact of fiscal fundamental on unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020 focusing on COVID-19 imperatives. The research work embraces OLS estimating techniques to estimate the relationship between the variables. The result of the analysis revealed that government expenditure had positive and significant effect on the rate of unemployment. Also government revenue had a positive but insignificant impact on unemployment during. The implication of these findings for COVID-19 is that the narrative which is obtained from the analysis needs to be changed. Government revenue should be made to have significant impact on unemployment. The pandemic has led to a lot of job lost and the unemployment rate in Nigeria has risen by about 55% peaking at 36% youth unemployment rate as at last quarter of 2020. The study therefore, recommends that government should refocus expenditure and revenue in the country in such a way it will target development of infrastructural facilities so as to increase productivity and in turn facilitate employment generation.

scholarly journals Institutional determinants of regional diversity of labor market in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The article focuses on regional diversity of the Polish Labor Market from institutional perspective. The Polish Labor Market is geographically diverse in terms of unemployment and employment rates, and also in terms of economic development. At the end of 2013 the difference between the lowest and the highest unemployment rate in the Polish regions was 12.1% (Wielkopolska located in the West Poland has unemployment rate of 9.6% and Warmia - Mazury in the East has unemployment of 21.7%). The question arises whether this difference comes from the structural or institutional sources. The paper describe the character of Polish Labor Market, whereas in the second part, it traces the impact of institutional variables such as real wage, Kaitz index and Gender gap on the regional unemployment rate in 2002–2012 in Poland.

ICT for Educational Excellence in Jordan

2013 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Atef Abuhmaid
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
External Assistance ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the Jordanian Ministry of Education’s reliance on both the local private sector (public-private partnership) and foreign aids in order to accelerate its integration of ICT to meet the needs and demands of the knowledge-based economy. The discussion sheds light on strings attached to the role played by the Ministry of Education, as the central educational authority, in the diffusion of ICT across the education system. Understandably, in the Jordanian context, likewise other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, the education system has to deal with a great deal of complexities in which, internal and external issues can impede reform efforts. Partnership with local and international partners might be needed in the Jordanian context in order to initiate reform especially the large-scale and costly ones. ICT-related reform initiatives are expensive and require expertise in various areas which might justify seeking external assistance by the educational system. However, external involvement can impact the integrity of the educational reform when it is left with inadequate coordination and efforts in order to keep them in line with national interests and agendas. Furthermore, the impact of these issues can be severer when they are not taken into account during the planning stage of the reform. Thus, this chapter discusses major issues arose when international partners and the local private sector were involved in ICT-based education initiatives in Jordan.

scholarly journals Toward Knowledge-Based Economy: Innovation and Transformational Leadership in Public Universities in Texas and Qatar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem S. Al-Mansoori ◽  
Muammer Koç
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
The Impact

The essentiality of the universities’ roles in enhancing economies and transforming societies is a global mantra. However, when it comes to wealthy and oil-dependent states such as Texas in the United States and Qatar in the Middle East, the impact of universities on sustainable economic development is questionable. This article discusses the transformational efforts within engineering colleges at two public universities in Texas and in Qatar to support their states’ visions in moving toward innovative and knowledge-based economies. The study examined the innovation capacity building of both institutions through measuring the transformational leadership styles in engineering colleges and its impact on the faculty’s innovative production of technical articles, patents, and sustainable development-related courses. The cultural impact of the two contexts on the leader–follower relationship was addressed in the discussion using Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework. The results showed that leaders in both colleges possess a transformational leadership style, albeit lower than the norm. This study disclosed that, in the high-power distance contexts, the idealized image of the leader contributed positively toward higher satisfaction of the followers with their leaders and current governance systems, while acknowledgment and rewards were the sources of satisfaction in low-power distance societies. Followers in a low uncertainty avoidance, individualistic, and short-term-oriented context achieved higher technical production. Both public universities expressed the need for government involvement in supporting the culture of innovation.

Youth unemployment, NEETs and structural inequality in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rodriguez-Modroño
Keyword(s):  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Author Study ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Work Transition ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply an intersectional analysis to assess the impact of structural factors on the risk of being a NEET for youth in Spain. The author study if inequalities have changed after the economic crisis, once youth policies designed to improve the Spanish school-to-work transition (SWT) system were implemented. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on microdata from the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the paper compares the probability of becoming not in employment, education or training (NEET) of young men and women born inside or outside Spain and living in different types of households. Findings Although unemployment rates have improved since the end of the crisis, the situation regarding youth employment, poverty and inequalities remains challenging. Gender and other structural differences are usually ignored in policy debates and in the measures adopted to fight youth unemployment, leading to the persistance of inequalities. Research limitations/implications The analysis illustrates new lines and trajectories in the segmentation of youth labor markets along the lines of gender, household and country of origin. Practical implications The findings highlight the need for introducing an analysis of the different sources of vulnerability in policy designs in order to promote a real and sustainable change in SWTs. Originality/value The contribution of this research to the literature on NEET and SWT is to introduce a framework that allows for the intersectional analysis of gender and other structural inequalities.

scholarly journals The Output Gap and Youth Unemployment: An Analysis Based on Okun’s Law

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Janina Seputiene
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Equilibrium Unemployment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Potential Level

The impact of economic fluctuations on the total unemployment rate is widely studied, however, with respect to age- and gender-specific unemployment, this relationship is not so well examined. We apply the gap version of Okun’s law, aiming to estimate youth unemployment rate sensitivity to output deviations from its potential level. Additionally, we aim to compare whether men or women have a higher equilibrium unemployment rate when output is at the potential level. Contrary to most studies on age- and gender-specific Okun’s coefficients, which assume that the effect of output on unemployment is homogenous, we allow a different effect to occur, depending on the output gap’s sign (positive/negative). The focus of the analysis is on 28 EU countries over the period of 2000–2018. The model is estimated by least squares dummy variable estimator (LSDV), using Prais–Winsten standard errors. We did not find evidence that higher equilibrium unemployment rates are more typical for men or for women. The estimates clearly show the equilibrium level of youth unemployment to be well above that of total unemployment, and this conclusion holds for both genders. We assess greater youth unemployment sensitivity to negative output shock, rather than to positive output shock, but when we take confidence intervals into consideration, this conclusion becomes less obvious.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Analysis of Unemployment Rate in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Lewandowska-Gwarda
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Spatial Econometric Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The aim of this paper is to present results of spatio-temporal analysis of unemployment rate in Poland, with the usage of advanced spatial econometric methods. The analysis was done on data collected for ‘powiat’ level between 2006 and 2010. GlS and ESDA tools were applied for visualization of the spatiotemporal data and identification of spatial interactions between polish counties on labor market. Multi-equation spatial econometric models were used to describe unemployment rate in relation to selected social-economic variables.

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