scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact Fiscal Fundamentals on Unemployment in Nigeria. Imperatives for Covid 19, Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ologbenla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the impact of fiscal fundamental on unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020 focusing on COVID-19 imperatives. The research work embraces OLS estimating techniques to estimate the relationship between the variables. The result of the analysis revealed that government expenditure had positive and significant effect on the rate of unemployment. Also government revenue had a positive but insignificant impact on unemployment during. The implication of these findings for COVID-19 is that the narrative which is obtained from the analysis needs to be changed. Government revenue should be made to have significant impact on unemployment. The pandemic has led to a lot of job lost and the unemployment rate in Nigeria has risen by about 55% peaking at 36% youth unemployment rate as at last quarter of 2020. The study therefore, recommends that government should refocus expenditure and revenue in the country in such a way it will target development of infrastructural facilities so as to increase productivity and in turn facilitate employment generation.

scholarly journals Unemployment and COVID-19 Impact in Greece: A Vector Autoregression (VAR) Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Christos Katris
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the scope is to study whether and how the COVID-19 situation affected the unemployment rate in Greece. To achieve this, a vector autoregression (VAR) model is employed and data analysis is carried out. Another interesting question is whether the situation affected more heavily female and the youth unemployment (under 25 years old) compared to the overall unemployment. To predict the future impact of COVID-19 on these variables, we used the Impulse Response function. Furthermore, there is taking place a comparison of the impact of the pandemic with the other European countries for overall, female, and youth unemployment rates. Finally, the forecasting ability of such a model is compared with ARIMA and ANN univariate models.

scholarly journals TRADE OPENNESS AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Philip Nwosa ◽  
Sunday Keji ◽  
Samuel Adegboyo ◽  
Oluwadamilola Fasina
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Foreign Private Investment ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between trade openness and unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018. The study utilized the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique and the result of the study shows that trade openness had negative and significant impact on unemployment rate in Nigeria. The implication of this result is that trade openness provides employment opportunities, which reduces the unemployment rate in Nigeria. Thus, the study concludes that trade openness is a significant determinant of unemployment in Nigeria. The study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote foreign private investment, capable of enhancing aggregate volume of investment in the country and contribute to employment generation in the Nigeria. Finally, government needs to explore new marketing areas for foreign investors which would also contribute to employment generation.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ghana's HE Governance and Regulatory Framework on Financial Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Justice Ray Achoanya Ayam
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Higher Education Governance ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Higher Education Reforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Higher education governance, legal and regulatory regimes in Ghana remain an important factor in the ever-complex higher educational landscape and its attendant funding challenges. The increased global demand for higher education reforms further strengthens the importance of higher education governance, legal and regulatory framework role in assuring sustainable funding of higher education. The purpose of this study is to measure the relationship between the governance and regulatory variables influence on financial sustainability. The research work utilises quantitative research methodology with a well validated research instrument to undertake this correlational study. The study outcome revealed a statistically significant relationship between the combined effects of the variables whiles two out of the eight variables were found be significant in predicting best fit equation for financial sustainability. The research recommendations should afford higher education practitioners the opportunity to undertake relevant reforms of the current governance, legal and regulatory practices in the country.

scholarly journals The Output Gap and Youth Unemployment: An Analysis Based on Okun’s Law

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Janina Seputiene
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Equilibrium Unemployment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Potential Level

The impact of economic fluctuations on the total unemployment rate is widely studied, however, with respect to age- and gender-specific unemployment, this relationship is not so well examined. We apply the gap version of Okun’s law, aiming to estimate youth unemployment rate sensitivity to output deviations from its potential level. Additionally, we aim to compare whether men or women have a higher equilibrium unemployment rate when output is at the potential level. Contrary to most studies on age- and gender-specific Okun’s coefficients, which assume that the effect of output on unemployment is homogenous, we allow a different effect to occur, depending on the output gap’s sign (positive/negative). The focus of the analysis is on 28 EU countries over the period of 2000–2018. The model is estimated by least squares dummy variable estimator (LSDV), using Prais–Winsten standard errors. We did not find evidence that higher equilibrium unemployment rates are more typical for men or for women. The estimates clearly show the equilibrium level of youth unemployment to be well above that of total unemployment, and this conclusion holds for both genders. We assess greater youth unemployment sensitivity to negative output shock, rather than to positive output shock, but when we take confidence intervals into consideration, this conclusion becomes less obvious.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Expenditure on Economic Growth: A Review of International Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Sheilla Nyasha ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Research background: Although a number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth, it is difficult to tell with certainty whether or not an increase in public expenditure is good for economic growth. This lack of consensus on the results of the previous empirical findings makes this study of paramount importance as we take stock of the available empirical evidence from the 1980s to date. Purpose: In this paper, theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has been reviewed in detail. Focus was placed on the review of literature that assessed the impact of government spending on economic growth. Research Methodology: This study grouped studies on the impact of public expenditure on economic growth based on their results. Three groups emerged – positive impact, negative impact and no impact. This was followed by a review of each relevant study and an evaluation of which outcome was more prevalent among the existing studies on the subject. Results: The literature reviewed has shown that the impact of government spending on economic growth is not clear cut. It varies from positive to negative; with some studies even finding no impact. Although the impact of government spending on economic growth was found to be inconclusive, the scale tilts towards a positive impact. Novelty: The study provides an insight into the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth based on a comprehensive review of previous empirical evidence across various countries since the 1980s.

scholarly journals Sectoral Responses, Macroeconomic Impact and Household Welfare: GST Policy for Malaysia Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Juliana Mohd Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohamed Aslam Gulam Hassan ◽  
Zarinah Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Macroeconomic Impact ◽  
The Impact

Goods and services tax (GST) has been a controversial topic in Malaysia when it was first implemented. This study examines the impact of the GST on the Malaysian economy from three major perspectives. First, it investigates the consequent changes in sectoral responses, including output and prices for 15 main sectors. Second, the study presents the results of GST impact on seven macroeconomic variables, namely, consumption, investment, government revenue, government expenditure, export, import, and gross domestic product. Third, the results of household welfare are discussed. A computable general equilibrium model is utilized to simulate GST impact on the Malaysian economy, and a simple comparative static model is performed. The results prove that the higher the GST rate, the higher is the impact on each sector. The sectors most affected by GST are communication and ICT, and the electricity and gas sectors. By contrast, agriculture, forestry and logging, and the petroleum and natural gas sectors are the least affected. Consumption and investment receive the largest negative effect, whereas government revenue and expenditure show the largest positive effect. The study likewise finds that by lowering GST rate, the welfare loss was minimized and the higher-income groups were affected more than the lower-income groups.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial inclusion and financial stability: Empirical and theoretical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 514-527
Author(s):  
Asghar Kamal ◽  
Talat Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Studies

The foremost objective of the recent research work is to review the connection among the financial inclusion (FI) and banks financial stability (FS). The research article survey a vest body of literature devoted to evaluating the relationship of among the FI and FS of the banks. The literature review evaluates recent empirical research studies on the impact of FS and banks FS. The research works divided into following part (i) What is financial inclusion (FI) (ii) What is stability (FS) (iii) the influence of FI and FS (iv) FI measurement and indicator (v) whether FI lead to enhance the FS. This paper present the relevant review of imperialistic research on the nexus among the influence of FI on FS since the period of 1995-2020. Abundant research studies to date suggest that FI has positive and significant impact on FS of the banks.  While few other research study also reveals that when FI have negative influence on the FS is due to the without having efficient management when the credit is expanded in this time it will increase the risk for financial stability.

scholarly journals أثر الإنفاق العام على البطالة في السودان خلال الفترة (1992-2018)

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-155
Author(s):  
د مصطفى أحمد قمر الدين عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study deals with the impact of current and capital public  spending  on unemployment in Sudan during the period (1992-2018), and the importance of the study, from the fact that it deals with topics of great scientific and practical importance, and the aim of the study to know the nature of public spending in the current and capital aspects, the nature of unemployment, in addition to an alysing the relationship between these variables, and the problem of  study was that there is a steady  increase  in Current and capital  public  spending during the study period and therefore the unemployment situation in Sudan did not improve,  as the study used the descriptive and analytical approach, in addition to the standard method to know the relationship between the variables studied, and the study reached many results, the most important of which is: that there is a expulsionrelation ship with statistical significance Between current spending and the unemployment rate, there is also a morally inverse relationship between capital spending and the unemployment rate. The most important recommendations recommended by the study are to increase capital spending and direct this spending in creating and expanding the scope of productive projects, as well as to spend on vocational training centers and develop them and to transfer the experience of the countries that preceded Sudan in this area, which contributes to reducing the unemployment rate

scholarly journals The nexus between the economic growth and unemployment in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Hjazeen ◽  
Mehdi Seraj ◽  
Huseyin Ozdeser
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of unemployment on Jordan's economy over the period 1991–2019. This study used the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to investigate the relationship between the unemployment rate and the other variables. Also, we employ the ARDL bootstrap cointegration approach to examine the correlation and long-run relationship among the variables. The empirical finding indicated a long-run relationship between the unemployment rate, economic growth, education, female population, and urban population in Jordan. Our finding shows the negative linkage between economic growth and unemployment, and a positive relationship among the education, female population, and urban population and unemployment in Jordan.

Does government expenditure reduce unemployment in Egypt?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan AbdelKhalik Abouelfarag ◽  
Rasha Qutb
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis research seeks to empirically examine the impact of government expenditure on the unemployment rate in Egypt during the period of 1980–2017. In addition, it examines whether the distinction between discretionary and nondiscretionary items of government expenditure have a different effect on unemployment.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the Johansen cointegration test to ensure the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, then the vector error correction model (VECM) to explore the dynamic short and long-run effects.FindingsThe empirical results of this research reveal that increasing government expenditure causes an increase in the unemployment rate in the long-run. Both discretionary expenditures and nondiscretionary expenditures increase the growth of unemployment by approximately the same coefficient. The worsening impact of discretionary expenditures on unemployment is highly attributed to the compensation of employees and the government subsidies. Investment expenditure has an insignificant effect because of its minor percentage in government expenses.Practical implicationsRedirecting the unnecessary expenditures toward labor-intensive public investments is recommended, in addition to reducing domestic and foreign debts. The government has to work hard to increase the economic growth rate, as it has a vital role in reducing unemployment.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to analyze the effect of government expenditure on the unemployment rate in Egypt. Moreover, this research distinguishes between the effects related to discretionary and nondiscretionary items of government expenditure.

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