scholarly journals Urban areas, human health and technosols for the green deal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rodríguez-Espinosa ◽  
J. Navarro-Pedreño ◽  
I. Gómez-Lucas ◽  
M. M. Jordán-Vidal ◽  
J. Bech-Borras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas

Comparison of Human Health and Safety Loss due to Corroded Gas Pipeline Failure in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Libriati Zardasti ◽  
Yahaya Nordin ◽  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Ahmad A. Safuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Consequence Assessment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, and human health and safety loss (HHSL). This paper studies the comparison of HHSL between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure subject to corrosion. The damage area of the explosion was calculated using Aloha software by considering the details of the selected sites such as atmospheric and topographical conditions. The HHSL was calculated using a mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify any significant dissimilarity. This study shows that there was a possibility to improve the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach in consequence assessment in Malaysia.

Temporal patterns and trends of surface ozone concentrations over Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Gama ◽  
Alexandra Monteiro ◽  
Myriam Lopes ◽  
Ana Isabel Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Long Term Study

<p>Tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is a critical pollutant over the Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, due to systematic exceedances to the thresholds for the protection of human health. Due to the location of Portugal, on the Atlantic coast at the south-west point of Europe, the observed O<sub>3</sub> concentrations are very much influenced not only by local and regional production but also by northern mid-latitudes background concentrations. Ozone trends in the Iberian Peninsula were previously analysed by Monteiro et al. (2012), based on 10-years of O<sub>3</sub> observations. Nevertheless, only two of the eleven background monitoring stations analysed in that study are located in Portugal and these two stations are located in Porto and Lisbon urban areas. Although during pollution events O<sub>3</sub> levels in urban areas may be high enough to affect human health, the highest concentrations are found in rural locations downwind from the urban and industrialized areas, rather than in cities. This happens because close to the sources (e.g., in urban areas) freshly emitted NO locally scavenges O<sub>3</sub>. A long-term study of the spatial and temporal variability and trends of the ozone concentrations over Portugal is missing, aiming to answer the following questions:</p><p>-           What is the temporal variability of ozone concentrations?</p><p>-           Which trends can we find in observations?</p><p>-           How were the ozone spring maxima concentrations affected by the COVID-19 lockdown during spring 2020?</p><p>In this presentation, these questions will be answered based on the statistical analysis of O<sub>3</sub> concentrations recorded within the national air quality monitoring network between 2005 and 2020 (16 years). The variability of the surface ozone concentrations over Portugal, on the timescales from diurnal to annual, will be presented and discussed, taking into account the physical and chemical processes that control that variability. Using the TheilSen function from the OpenAir package for R (Carslaw and Ropkins 2012), which quantifies monotonic trends and calculates the associated p-value through bootstrap simulations, O<sub>3</sub> concentration long-term trends will be estimated for the different regions and environments (e.g., rural, urban).  Moreover, taking advantage of the unique situation provided by the COVID-19 lockdown during spring 2020, when the government imposed mandatory confinement and citizens movement restriction, leading to a reduction in traffic-related atmospheric emissions, the role of these emissions on ozone levels during the spring period will be studied and presented.</p><p> </p><p>Carslaw and Ropkins, 2012. Openair—an R package for air quality data analysis. Environ. Model. Softw. 27-28,52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008</p><p>Monteiro et al., 2012. Trends in ozone concentrations in the Iberian Peninsula by quantile regression and clustering. Atmos. Environ. 56, 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.069</p>

Setting the scene and how to read the book

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natural Environments

Human health depends on nature. This is a basic statement on which the fundaments of this book rest. Functional and diverse ecosystems, from which we derive fresh air and water, soil to grow food, timber to build houses, settings for play and recreation, are a prerequisite for human health and survival. The latest centuries’ unprecedented speed in societal and environmental changes has come to threaten the health of natural environments and by this threatening our own health. While we cannot, and should not, reverse the trend of sound development, we need to find better and healthier ways to interact with nature—in urban as well as in non-urban areas. This chapter will give a background to this book’s development and put the topic of nature and public health into a broad, outreaching context. It also presents an overview of the book’s full content, giving a brief description of each chapter.

Comparison Study on Human Health and Safety Loss for Rural and Urban Areas in Monetary Value Subjected to Gas Pipeline Failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-309
Author(s):  
Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Libriati Zardasti ◽  
Nordin Yahaya ◽  
Norhazilan M. Noor ◽  
Nursamirah Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pipeline Failure

scholarly journals Emission of fine particles (PM2.5) from residential biomass combustion in Croatia and how to reduce it

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Mirela Poljanac
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Wood burning in residential appliances is very represented in the Republic of Croatia. It is a main or an additional form of heating for many households in rural and urban areas and is therefore an important source of air pollution. The choice of energy and the combustion appliance used in home have a significant impact on PM2.5 emissions. The paper informs the reader about PM2.5 emissions, their main sources and impacts on human health, environment, climate, air quality, and the reason why PM2.5 emissions from residential wood burning are harmful. Paper also gives an overview of spatial PM2.5 emission distribution in Croatia, their five air quality zones and four agglomerations. The paper analyses the sources and their contribution to PM2.5 emissions with the relevance of PM2.5 emissions from residential plants, the use of fuels in residential plants and their contribution to PM2.5 emissions and PM2.5 emissions by fuel combustion technologies in residential sector. Appropriate strategies, policies, and actions to reduce the impact of residential biomass (wood) burning on the environment, air quality and human health are considered.

scholarly journals Ovarian Transcriptomic Analyses in the Urban Human Health Pest, the Western Black Widow Spider

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Miles ◽  
Nadia A. Ayoub ◽  
Jessica E. Garb ◽  
Robert A. Haney ◽  
Brian C. Verrelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Black Widow ◽  
Black Widow Spider ◽  
Widow Spider

Due to their abundance and ability to invade diverse environments, many arthropods have become pests of economic and health concern, especially in urban areas. Transcriptomic analyses of arthropod ovaries have provided insight into life history variation and fecundity, yet there are few studies in spiders despite their diversity within arthropods. Here, we generated a de novo ovarian transcriptome from 10 individuals of the western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus), a human health pest of high abundance in urban areas, to conduct comparative ovarian transcriptomic analyses. Biological processes enriched for metabolism—specifically purine, and thiamine metabolic pathways linked to oocyte development—were significantly abundant in L. hesperus. Functional and pathway annotations revealed overlap among diverse arachnid ovarian transcriptomes for highly-conserved genes and those linked to fecundity, such as oocyte maturation in vitellogenin and vitelline membrane outer layer proteins, hormones, and hormone receptors required for ovary development, and regulation of fertility-related genes. Comparative studies across arachnids are greatly needed to understand the evolutionary similarities of the spider ovary, and here, the identification of ovarian proteins in L. hesperus provides potential for understanding how increased fecundity is linked to the success of this urban pest.

scholarly journals Ambient air quality in an urban area and its effects on plants and human beings: a case study of Tiruchirappalli, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin M Horaginamani ◽  
M Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Though water and land pollution is very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities, due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. Air pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people globally, especially in urban areas of developing countries like India. All these in turn lead to an increase in the air pollution levels and have adverse effects on the health of people and plants. Western countries have conducted several studies in this area, but there are only a few studies in developing countries like India. A study on ambient air quality in Tiruchirappalli urban area and its possible effects selected plants and human health has been undertaken, which may be helpful to bring out possible control measures. Keywords: ambient air quality; respiratory disorders; APTI; human health DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4007Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.13-19

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF NO<sub>2</sub> TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN AMOUNT AT AIRPORTS IN MALAYSIA BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC USING SENTINEL-5P TROPOMI DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
K. D. Kanniah ◽  
N. A. F. Kamarul Zaman ◽  
K. Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Air pollution is a serious environmental and health issue in Malaysia due to the recent urbanization processes. The main sources of air pollutants are motorized vehicles in urban areas and airports and industrial activities. At the airports, NO2 is the main pollutant of concern besides aerosols particles, yet gap in data availability prevent studies to describe their patterns and quantify their effects on human health and climate change. In this study NO2 data from TROPOMI sensor on board Sentinel 5-P satellite was used to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of NO2 tropospheric column amounts at major airports in Malaysia. The results demonstrate that NO2 amounts from aircrafts and ground traffic activities are generally higher and/or similar to the amounts found in urban areas. Total tropospheric column amounts of NO2 during the movement restriction imposed due to Covid-19 pandemic between March and April 2020 was approximately 50% lower the total emission during the same period in 2019 (representing a business as usual period). Assessing the spatial pattern and temporal variations in NO2 (both surface and total vertical profile) is important for monitoring the impact of air pollutants on climate change and human health in Malaysia.

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