Scenario Modeling and Optimization of Parametric Proportions for the Conjugated Production of Chemical Fibers and Textiles in Conditions of Raw Material Recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
M.N. Titova ◽  
L.K. Sirotina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Scenario Modeling ◽  
Material Recycling

scholarly journals MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF EXTRUDING BUCKWHEAT TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Tarabayev ◽  
K Baigenzhinov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Rational Process

This article discusses the possibility of mathematical modeling andoptimization of parameters of the process of buckwheat. As a result of the research,a regression equation was obtained, which allows to predict the optimal extrusionparameters of buckwheat and reduce the number of experiments. Extrusionprocessing is one of the most attractive methods of processing grain crops to obtainsemi-finished products. The efficiency and effectiveness of the use of this equationis proved in laboratory conditions. The influence of all factors was studied duringthe extrusion of buckwheat grain, pressure, temperature, processing time andhumidity of the feedstock on the yield of blasted cereal, the content of watersoluble substances, the swelling and density of the extruded raw material. Amathematical model of the process of extrusion of buckwheat grain made itpossible to find rational process parameters allowing to obtain extrudates with highconsumer properties.

Potential Contribution of Secondary Materials to Overall Supply - The Example of the European Cobalt Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 959 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Simon Glöser-Chahoud ◽  
Frank Schultmann
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Current State ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Supply Risks ◽  
Secondary Materials

Higher efficiency in raw material recycling is discussed as a key strategy to decrease the environmental impact of resource consumption and to improve materials’ availability in order to mitigate supply risks. However, particularly in the case of technology metals, demand is driven by specific emerging technologies from which recycling will not be possible before the end of their useful lifetimes. Hence, the availability of secondary materials is limited by the amount of obsolete products as well as their collection, separation and treatment during waste management and recycling. In this paper, we present the results of a dynamic material flow model for cobalt as a key raw material for lithium-ion batteries at an European level (EU28). This model aims at quantifying the current state of recycling and future recycling potentials from end-of-life (EoL) product flows. While it is expectable that obsolete large battery packs from (hybrid) electric vehicles will be efficiently collected in future, EoL Li-ion battery flows will remain dominated by smaller electronic equipment (smartphones, laptops etc.) in the coming years and the model results show a significant potential for improvements in collection and material recovery from EoL batteries in Europe. A major challenge will be the collection of smaller batteries and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in general from which a significant share of total European cobalt demand could be recovered in the coming years.

scholarly journals Handling construction waste of building demolition

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Terezie Vondráčková ◽  
Luboš Podolka ◽  
Věra Voštová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Building Demolition

Some building defects lead to their demolition. What about construction and demolition waste? According to the Waste Act 185/2001 Coll. and its amendment 223/2015 Coll., which comes into force on January 1, 2017, the production of waste has to be reduced because, as already stated in the amendment to Act No. 229/2014 Coll., the ban on landfilling of waste will apply from 2024 onwards. The main goals of waste management can thus be considered: Preventing or minimizing waste; Waste handling to be used as a secondary raw material - recycling, composting, combustion and the remaining waste to be dumped. Company AZS 98 s. r. o. was established, among other activities, also for the purpose of recycling construction and demolition waste. It operates 12 recycling centers throughout the Czech Republic and therefore we have selected it for a demonstration of the handling of construction and demolition waste in addressing the defects of the buildings.

scholarly journals Waste-to-Wealth: The Economic Reasons for Replacing Waste-to-Energy With the Circular Economy of Municipal Solid Waste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Material Recycling

Sharing the same raw material, recycling and composting are in direct conflict with incineration of municipal solid waste in combined heath and power plants. Indeed, waste-to-energy plants in regions with high recycling rates import urban waste from other countries to use otherwise unused capacity, and raise revenues. Using the case of Italy’s second largest and economically most developed region, I discuss the economic viability of municipal solid waste incineration to produce electricity and heath in the context of the increasing role of electricity production from renewable energy sources as well as of the emerging mass-scale uptake of bioplastics. Four lessons and three guidelines aimed to local authorities and policy makers emerge from the present study.

scholarly journals The Potential and Limitations of Critical Raw Material Recycling: The Case of LED Lamps

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Julia S. Nikulski ◽  
Michael Ritthoff ◽  
Nadja von Gries
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Evaluation Scheme

Supply risks and environmental concerns drive the interest in critical raw material recycling in the European Union. Globally, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is projected to increase by almost 40% until 2030. This waste stream can be a source of secondary raw materials. The determination of the economic feasibility of recycling and recovering specific materials is a data-intensive, time-consuming, and case-specific task. This study introduced a two-part evaluation scheme consisting of upper continental crust concentrations and raw material prices as a simple tool to indicate the potential and limitations of critical raw material recycling. It was applied to the case of light-emitting diodes (LED) lamps in the EU. A material flow analysis was conducted, and the projected waste amounts were analyzed using the new scheme. Indium, gallium, and the rare earth elements appeared in low concentrations and low absolute masses and showed only a small revenue potential. Precious metals represented the largest revenue share. Future research should confirm the validity and usefulness of the evaluation scheme.

scholarly journals Systematization of the Mineral Raw Material Waste Recycling Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03040
Author(s):  
Anatoly Bardovsky ◽  
Ilnur Basyrov ◽  
Liliya Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Mineral Raw Material ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Specific Performance

The paper considers a system for optimizing the recycling process of mineral raw material waste in terms of the target function, which takes into account economic, technological, and environmental criteria. We have suggested a structural model of the production process of mineral raw material recycling using cost flows. Based on the analysis of this model, we concluded on the need to develop new methods for assessing and choosing the parameters of the equipment used, including specific performance criteria to assess the degree of sophistication of the systems under study.

scholarly journals Characterisation of geomaterials and non-conventional waste streams for their reuse as engineered materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Claudio Oggeri ◽  
Raffaele Vinai
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Local Geology

Reusing bulk volumes of waste material is a requirement often encountered in mining and construction activities involving excavations. Spoils produced from these activities typically show high variability in terms of properties and behaviour, due to the local geology, adopted excavation method and further spoil treatments. A procedure for classifying the spoil from tunnelling was proposed in order to correlate ground type, possible muck destination and treatment type. With a similar approach in industrial and related sectors, the reuse of non-conventional materials (i.e. wooden chips, fragments, granulates, micronized glass, residual out of shape from manufacturing processes or coming from selection of other waste) has a great relevance as it is accompanied by savings in disposal costs and in the sourcing of raw materials. Characterisation tests derived from geotechnical engineering can support the assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of non-conventional materials, creating a feedback loop encompassing raw material description, required treatments, and possible utilisations as engineered materials. This paper describes the possible screening tests and treatment options for material recycling in the framework of a modified spoil classification system.

Thermal methods of the raw material recycling of plastics wast

Polimery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERZY POLACZEK ◽  
ZOFIA MACHOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Material Recycling

scholarly journals Battery Manufacturing Resource Assessment to Minimise Component Production Environmental Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6840
Author(s):  
Maryori C. Díaz-Ramírez ◽  
Victor J. Ferreira ◽  
Tatiana García-Armingol ◽  
Ana M. López-Sabirón ◽  
Germán Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Manufacturing Resource ◽  
Almost All

A promising route to attain a reliable impact reduction of supply chain materials is based on considering circular economy approaches, such as material recycling strategies. This work aimed to evaluate potential benefits of recycling scenarios for steel, copper, aluminium and plastic materials to the battery manufacturing stage. Focused on this aim, the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the environmental externalities methodologies were applied to two battery study cases: lithium manganese oxide and vanadium redox flow (VRFB) batteries, based on a cradle-to-gate LCA approach. In general, the results provided an insight into the raw material handling route. Environmental impacts were diminished by more than 20% in almost all the indicators, due to the lower consumption of virgin materials related to the implemented recyclability route. Particularly, VRFB exhibited better recyclability ratio than the Li-ion battery. For the former, the key components were the periphery ones attaining around 70% of impact reduction by recycling steel. Components of the power subsystem were also relevant, reaching around 40% of environmental impact reduction by recycling plastic. The results also foresaw opportunities for membranes, key components of VRFB materials. Based on findings, recycling strategies may improve the total circularity performance and economic viability of the studied systems.

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