More is not necessarily better: the interaction between insect population density and culture age of fungus on the control of invasive weed water hyacinth

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 766 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Ray ◽  
Martin P. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Culture Age

scholarly journals Potential of Water Hyacinth Infestation on Lake Tana, Ethiopia: A Prediction Using a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Technique

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dersseh ◽  
Kibret ◽  
Tilahun ◽  
Worqlul ◽  
Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Lake Depth ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Control

Water hyacinth is a well-known invasive weed in lakes across the world and harms the aquatic environment. Since 2011, the weed has invaded Lake Tana substantially posing a challenge to the ecosystem services of the lake. The major factors which affect the growth of the weed are phosphorus, nitrogen, temperature, pH, salinity, and lake depth. Understanding and investigating the hotspot areas is vital to predict the areas for proper planning of interventions. The main objective of this study is therefore to predict the hotspot areas of the water hyacinth over the surface of the lake using the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique. The main parameters used in the multi-criteria analysis were total phosphorus (>0.08 mg L−1), total nitrogen (>1.1 mg L−1), temperature (<26.2 °C), pH (<8.6), salinity (<0.011%), and depth (<6 m). These parameters were collected from 143 sampling sites on the lake in August, December (2016), and March (2017). Fuzzy overlay spatial analysis was used to overlay the different parameters to obtain the final prediction map of water hyacinth infestation areas. The results indicated that 24,969 ha (8.1%), 21,568.7 ha (7.1%), and 24,036 ha (7.9%) of the lake are susceptible to invasion by the water hyacinth in August, December, and March, respectively. At the maximum historical lake level, 30,728.4 ha will be the potential susceptible area for water hyacinth growth and expansion at the end of the rainy season in August. According to the result of this study, the north and northeastern parts of the lake are highly susceptible for invasion. Hence, water hyacinth management and control plans shall mainly focus on the north and northeastern part of Lake Tana and upstream contributing watersheds.

Testing Insect Population Density Relative to Critical Densities with 2-SPRT

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri S. Mulekar ◽  
Linda J. Young ◽  
J. H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Population

scholarly journals Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Methonolic Extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyagi Tulika ◽  
Parashar Puneet ◽  
Agarwal Mala
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Invasive Weed

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms and Pistia stratiotes (L.) are two invasive weed aquatic plants that have been traditionally known as “water hyacinth” and “Jalkumbhi” respectively. They are commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine which possesses diuretic, antidiabetic, antidermatophytic, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. The present study was carried out to estimate the total phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acids and antioxidant activity. The presence of various phytochemicals in the plants reveals that these plants may be good source for the production of new drugs for various ailments.

scholarly journals Preliminary results on the phytophagous insect fauna on Onopordum acanthium (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Vili Harizanova ◽  
Atanaska Stoeva ◽  
Massimo Cristofaro ◽  
Allesandra Paolini ◽  
Francesca Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Onopordum Acanthium ◽  
Vanessa Cardui ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Very High

The Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium (Asteraceae) has the Eurasian origin and represents an invasive weed in the USA and Australia. It is a serious problem in pastures, along roadsides, rangeland, etc. The weed is very common in Bulgaria and in 2009-2010 several sites with large populations of O. acanthium have been located. The weekly surveys of some of the sites, mainly in the region of Plovdiv, revealed a significant diversity of phytophagous insect species, some of which had very high population density. More than 30 species have already been identified and observations on the phenology and biology of some of them have been conducted. For some of the species, such as endophagous Larinus latus, Lixus cardui, Eublemma amoena, Trichosirocalus briesei, or ectophagous Cassida rubiginosa etc. found during our surveys, there are reports in the literature describing them as having been already introduced as successful biocontrol agents in Australia. Endophagous species like lepidopteran Myelois circumvoluta and Pyroderces argyrogrammos which feed on the stems and the head, and the tephritid flies Tephritis postica and Chaetostomella cylindrica which feed on the capitula, seem quite destructive for the weed, but need to be further studied regarding host specificity. Species like Vanessa cardui and Brachycaudus cardui were found regularly, but in low population density, mainly due to the high rate of parasitism.

scholarly journals Changes in the Activities of Protective Enzymes Induced by Mepiquat Chloride (DPC) in Cotton to Defend Against Aphids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxia Deng ◽  
Jungang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Protective Enzymes

Abstract Background: Mepiquat chloride (DPC) enhances the resistance of cotton plants, and it is widely used as a growth regulator. DPC can stimulate photosynthesis, stabilize the structure of cotton leaves, and affect population reproduction and energy substances in cotton aphids, but interactions between DPC and cotton aphids remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the physiological responses of cotton to DPC, and the toxicity of DPC toward cotton aphids, before and after feeding, to explore the DPC-induced defense mechanism against cotton aphids.Results: Measurements of protective enzyme activity in cotton showed that the soluble protein contents, peroxidase (POD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in cotton treated with different concentrations of DPC were higher than in the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher than that of controls when the concentration of DPC was <0.1 g/L. Under aphid stress, POD activity of cotton treated with a low insect population density was significantly lower than that of controls, but the reverse was true for cotton treated with a high insect population density, and SOD activity was positively correlated with population density. The activities of detoxification enzymes in field and laboratory experiments showed that DPC promoted the specific activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in cotton aphids, while the specific activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were decreased.Conclusions: DPC enhanced the resistance of cotton by increasing the activity of protective enzymes. It also had a toxic effect on cotton aphids by increasing GST activity (the main DPC target) and lowering carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities. DPC increased the soluble protein content and SOD activity in cotton under aphid stress, and thereby enhanced tolerance to cotton aphids.

Progress on Utilization of Water Hyacinth

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Guang Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Adverse Environments

Water hyacinth is an invasive weed because of its high reproductive capacity, adaptability, nutritional requirements and resistance to adverse environments. It is impossible to eradicate and difficult to control. Since water hyacinth is mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and water (around 90%).This paper introduced the current researches and perspectives of the utilization of water hyacinth.

scholarly journals Mottled Water Hyacinth Weevil Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Eutychus Kariuki ◽  
Carey Minteer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Broward County ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Invasive Aquatic Plant ◽  
Neochetina Eichhorniae ◽  
Noxious Weed

Sometimes referred to as the ‘mottled water hyacinth weevil’, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner is a weevil that attacks the invasive, aquatic plant, water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Water hyacinth is considered one of the most destructive plants in aquatic ecosystems in the United States and, as a result, is listed in both the federal noxious weed list and Florida’s list of prohibited aquatic plants. Neochetina eichhorniae is host specific and causes substantial damage to water hyacinth, making it a valuable biological control agent for this invasive weed in many parts of the world. The insect was first introduced into the United States from Argentina in 1972, when scientists released the insect in Broward County, Florida, to manage water hyacinth (Perkins 1973). Since then, the insect has been introduced in more than three dozen countries worldwide (Winston et al. 2014). Post-introduction studies indicate the insect substantially suppresses the growth of water hyacinth, significantly reducing biomass, flowers production, and water surface coverage (Grodowitz et al. 1991, Center et al. 1999, Tipping et al. 2014, Nesslage et al. 2016) and the need for herbicide applications (Haag 1986).

scholarly journals Population Abundance of Insect Trapped on Different Colours of Sticky Trap in Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salmah Mohamed ◽  
Siti Nur Shafiqa Abdullah ◽  
Nur Syafiqah Musa ◽  
Norhayati Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Yellow Sticky Trap ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Trap Colour

A study was conducted to attract insects using different colours of sticky trap in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) field. Sticky trap was chosen as it is one of a method to estimate the insect population density in field as it requires a low cost and less skilled labour. Four different colours of sticky traps (i.e. red, white, blue and yellow) were used to determine the insect population abundance at the pumpkin field. All the traps were installed at the height of 100 cm at a random of 1 ha of pumpkin plot with five replicates for each colour and the insect samples were collected weekly for three months (October-December 2019). Overall, a total of 13,052 insects were collected throughout 11 weeks of sampling. The results showed that the percentage of insect population abundance recorded the highest was on week eight (15.01%) whilst the least abundance of insects trapped was on week one (2.28%). The most attractive colour to attract insects was significantly the yellow colour (44.34%) followed by blue (20.12%) and white (19.15%) whilst the lowest insect trapped was on red colour (16.40%). A total of nine insect orders recorded were; Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Isoptera and others. Diptera was the most abundant of insect’s order trapped in the yellow trap with 3427 individuals and followed by Hemiptera order (1022 individuals). Whilst the Isoptera order was the least number of insects caught on a red colour trap with only one individual. In conclusion, our findings showed that the yellow sticky trap colour is the most attractive to attract insects of C. moschata compared to other colours. Therefore, this study could provide essential knowledge that may be useful for the future ecological survey of insects of C. moschata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document