Habitat requirements of the endangered heath bush-cricket Gampsocleis glabra (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in an isolated population

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-945
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Karim Vahed
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bush Cricket

Abstract Steppes and xerothermic grasslands are hotspots of biodiversity, but are threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation. The heath bush-cricket, Gampsocleis glabra, is considered to be a specialist of xerothermic habitats and appears in national red lists as a threatened species in several European countries. The goal of the current research was to determine the habitat requirements of G. glabra in an isolated habitat patch in Poland, at the northern edge of its range. By comparing the composition of plant species and vegetation architecture of vacant and occupied sites in the summers of 2018 and 2019, it was found that this population of G. glabra still maintained a strict specialisation for the xerothermofilous Festuco-Brometea plant community. On the contrary to previous studies, however, Stipa-type grasses were not essential for the occurrence of the species and the majority of occupied areas were based on the plant Brachypodium pinnatum. The physiognomy of plant communities was crucial for the abundance of stridulating males, which showed a preference for dense grasses at 10 cm high. The habitat characteristics of patches occupied by males and females did not differ significantly. The study of habitat requirements of this endangered Orthoptera species in an isolated habitat patch could serve as a prelude to the restoration of similar locations before it becomes extinct. This study may also underpin the development of a global conservation strategy for G. glabra.

scholarly journals In-situ kuskus conservation strategy in Wakasihu Village, West Leihitu District, Central Maluku District

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012088
Author(s):  
Y Th Latupapua ◽  
F F Tetelay ◽  
F Soselisa ◽  
C K Pattinasarany ◽  
L Latupapua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Tree Level

Abstract Kuskus, a marsupial species belonging to the Phalangeridae family that is vulnerable in the IUCN Redlist, is one of the endemic animals whose survival is currently very concerning due to habitat destruction and poaching, so conservation activities need to be carried out immediately. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the habitat, type of feed, and in situ conservation strategies in the Wakasiu forest, Leihitu Barat sub-district, Central Maluku district. This research was conducted in October 2020. Habitat characteristics were identified using vegetation analysis, forage types were identified using direct and indirect observations, and insitu conservation strategies using SWOT analysis. The highest index of importance at the tree level in the line of observation is the type of gayam (lnocarpus fagifer) (20.19%), at the level of weaning is the langsat species (70.32%) the level of the pole type of brown (69.27%). The diversity level of plant species is high and the level of evenness of plant species is even. There are 24 types of plants recorded as potential for special feed. The in-situ conservation strategy that is carried out is planting the type of feed preferred by the specialists, so as to provide a stable feed availability during the successive fruiting period. Apart from that, the restriction of hunting for specialties is through written regulations and the imposition of sanctions.

STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. YADAV ◽  
SONAM SHARMA ◽  
A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
P.K. KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

Habitat use by Harlequin Ducks breeding in Hebron Fiord, Labrador

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Harlequin Ducks

Understanding of breeding habitat requirements is vital to recovery plans for the endangered eastern North American population of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus). I compared habitat characteristics and benthic invertebrate fauna between streams in Hebron Fiord, Labrador, used and unused by Harlequin Ducks in 1996. Used streams were narrower, had higher pH and temperature, a larger substrate, steeper shorelines, and greater vegetation cover on islands and shorelines than unused streams. Greater numbers of invertebrates were recovered from kick samples, simuliid larvae and plecopteran nymphs were more frequent, and chironomid larvae and emphemeropteran nymphs were less frequent in used than in unused streams. Results from this study will help focus future survey and conservation efforts.

History, Distribution, and Conservation, of Large Mammals and Their Habitats in Jordan

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia Hatough-Bouran ◽  
Ahmad M. Disi
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Natural Pasture

Jordan lies at a meeting-point of three zoogeographical areas: the Palaearctic, the Afrotropical, and the Oriental—circumstances which were conducive to habitat diversity in Jordan and hence the diversity and often abundant occurrence of different floral and faunal elements.The present paper gives information about the history and past occurrence of large mammalian species and their populations in Jordan, while also focusing on the present status of the large mammalian species, and gives the reasons for extinctions and the preventive measures that are being taken to conserve the populations remaining. In addition, this study gives a future prospective outlook for habitat and mammalian conservation, and the reintroduction programme that is being implemented in Jordan.The first part of the paper sheds light on the past existence of large mammals in Jordan. The historical sequence of events starting from the Upper Palaeolithic and continuing right up to the present, and the succession of civilizations, had a negative impact on the large mammalian populations. This section gives tabulated data on the past occurrence of 26 species, supported by evidence of their past existence such as bone remains, rock drawings, engravings, mosaics, and frescos, found in various archaeological sites in Jordan.The second part of the paper deals with the present status of large mammalian populations, their distribution being reflected through maps indicating recent sightings in some outstanding cases. Among those are reintroduced species such as the Arabian Oryx and the Syrian Wild Ass, and highly threatened species such as the Nubian Ibex. This part also investigates the reasons for extinction, which mainly link the destruction of habitats with the direct deterioration of mammalian populations. Habitat destruction was chiefly due to the rapid decline of the natural pasture areas, overgrazing, urban expansions, unorganized construction plans, human impact, mismanagement of the highlands, fire, and hunting. All of these factors led to deforestation and soil erosion, resulting in a patchy, fragile ecocomplex. The decrease of rainfall assisted the severe deterioration of natural forests.The future outlook of this study includes plans to restore ecosystems and, with them, much of the overall ecocomplex. For this and other reasons it also stresses the urgent need to establish more reserves, both grazing and natural. This concluding part of the paper encourages the improvement of national parks, and urges the authorities to look seriously at the often disastrous effects of mismanagement. The importance of collaboration between Jordan and the various international agencies is emphasized, as well as the need to speed up work on the National Conservation Strategy of Jordan.

scholarly journals The biology of the Gola Malimbe Malimbus ballmanni Wolters 1974

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulf Gatter ◽  
Roderick Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
Species Being

SummaryThe Gola Malimbe Malimbus ballmanni survives in two general areas of Upper Guinea Forest, both focused in Liberia adjacent to easternmost Sierra Leone and westernmost Ivory Coast, where the species was first recorded in the 1970s. The eastern population extends over an area of at least 18,000 km2 and may consist of some 20,000 to 50,000 birds, the species being locally common in lowland rainforest. The western population covers at least 200–300 km2, but numbers are hard to judge. Both populations are under severe threat from habitat destruction, particularly the western. M. ballmanni and M. racheliae form a superspecies as the forest-interior counterparts of the canopy-haunting M. scutatus and M. cassini. M. ballmanni is found between 8 m and 22 m in high forest (79% of recorded cases), higher than M. nitens, lower than M. scutatus; it joins mixed bird parties and feeds on insects of the same size-class as in scutatus, smaller than in nitens. Annual life-cycle is seasonally adapted, with nesting when the rains end and in the transitional and dry season, occasionally in the intermediate dry season. Most birds moult in the first half of the year. Nests hang on lianas, in open galleries at 8 to 21 m. Up to five birds may help build a nest, with labour divided between males and females (which also have different song phrases). Biometric data of adult and immature birds are given.

scholarly journals Bird conservation in Kenya: creating a national strategy

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Fanshawe ◽  
Leon A. Bennun
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Threatened Habitats

SummaryKenya possesses one of the richest and most diverse avifaunas in Africa: this reflects the country's varied habitats and the fact that it lies at the intersection of several biogeographic zones. Some 1,070 species have been recorded; nine are national endemics and 14 can be considered globally threatened. A number of other species or groups are of particular national concern. Alteration and degradation of habitats is taking place rapidly, mainly due to human population growth combined with increased urbanization and industrialization. Overall, forests are the most threatened habitats; the coastal Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is particularly important in global terms. A number of wetlands are also under threat from a variety of causes. Habitat destruction is the key problem; direct threats such as hunting, trade and the use of pesticides and poisons are of relatively minor importance. Specific suggestions to be incorporated within a national bird conservation strategy include: better regulation and development of bird tourism as a means of generating revenue; increased efforts in particular areas of conservation education; provision of appropriate training to bird guides and researchers; and improved integration of research.

Habitat use of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) in Estonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riinu Rannap ◽  
Maris Markus ◽  
Tanel Kaart
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Pelobates Fuscus ◽  
The Common

Habitat loss and degradation are the most obvious and acute factors which influence amphibian decline. Fortunately, however, habitat deterioration is potentially reversible. Recognizing the factors critical for the species is therefore essential for successful habitat restoration and maintenance. In this study we explored the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), a severely declining species in Europe. The toad is considered a typical representative of herpetofauna in open agricultural landscapes but at its northern and western range edge the species occurs also in forested areas. So far, studies on the habitat requirements of the common spadefoot toad have only focused on agricultural areas and the significance of forest habitats has remained indistinct. In order to determine the habitat characteristics vital for the species as well as the function of forests as possible sink or source habitats, we explored 34 water bodies and their surroundings comparatively in forested and open landscapes in Estonia. Our study demonstrated that land cover type did not influence the presence of the species – the limiting habitat factors were related to soil type and quality of the reproduction site only. Respectively, the species preferred large fish free sun exposed water bodies in areas with sandy soil. In our study sites such conditions were best met in old growth coniferous forest areas. Thus we suggest that these types of forests holding viable populations of the common spadefoot toad should be protected with large scale clear cuttings as well as altering of hydrology avoided.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Bioekologi Rajungan (Portunus Pelagicus) Di Perairan Dusun Ujung Lombok Timur

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didik Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Raksun ◽  
Karnan . ◽  
Lalu Japa
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Male Crab ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ecological Parameters

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ukuran rajungan yang tertangkap, menganalisis perbandingan jumlah rajungan jantan dan betina yang tertangkap, dan  menganalisis karakteristik habitat (salinitas, suhu, pH, dan bentuk dasar substrat perairan) di daerah penangkapan rajungandi Dusun Ujung Lombok Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian diskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survai dalam pengambilan data. Parameter yang diteliti adalah parameter biologi dan ekologi rajungan. Parameter biologi yang diamati adalah  jenis kelamin, dan lebar karapas, sedangkan parameter ekologi adalah suhu, salinitas, dan pH perairam serta bentuk dasar substrat. Kondisi substrat didominasi oleh fraksi pasir diikuti oleh fraksi lumpur dan fraksi liat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air di daerah penelitian sangat sangat layak bagi kehidupan rajungan, dengan sebaran suhu antara 290C – 300C. Salinitas perairan di daerah penelitian berkisar dari 31 sampai 32  ppt, dan Nilai pH perairan di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 7.2 sampai 7.5. Distribusi lebar karaps rajungan di dominasi oleh lebar diatas 100 mm baik jantan maupun betina. Proporsi lebar karapas rajungan jantan yang tertangkap dengan lebar diatas 100 mm adalah sebesar 41,7% dan betina sebesar 48,3% dari total sampel penelitian. Nisbah kelamin antara rajungan jantan dan betina adalah 0,8 : 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rajungan jantan dapat membuahi lebih dari satu rajungan betina.Kata-Kata Kunci: Bio-ekologi, diskriptif, karakteristik habitatABSTRACTThis study aims to assess the size of the crabs are caught, analyzing the ratio of male and female, and analyze the habitat characteristics (salinity, temperature, pH, and form of the substrate waters) in crab fishing area in the Ujung Vilage of East Lombok District.This research is a descriptive study using survey methods in data collection.The parameters studied are biological and ecological parameters. Biological parameters measured were sex and carapace width, while the ecological parameters are temperature, salinity, and pH of the water and the form of the substrate.The results showed that the water quality in the study area were very feasible for the life of crab, with a distribution of temperature between 290C - 300C.Salinity waters in the study area ranged from 31 to 32 ppt, and water pH value in the study site ranged from 7.2 to 7.5.Karaps wide distribution crab dominated by width exceeding 100 mm in both males and females. The proportion of carapace width of male crabs are caught with a width exceeding 100 mm is 41.7% and females at 48.3% of the total sample.Rajungan sex ratio between males and females was 0.8: 1. This shows that the male crab can fertilize more than one female crabs. Keywords: Bio-ekologi, descriptive, habitat characteristics

scholarly journals Mitigation translocation for conservation of New Zealand skinks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ox Lennon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Rock Pile ◽  
Pile Design

<p>Worldwide, human development is leading to the expansion and intensification of land use, with increasing encroachment on natural habitats. A rising awareness of the deleterious effects of habitat destruction on species and ecosystems has increased the use of strategies intended to mitigate these negative impacts. One increasingly common strategy is mitigation translocation, the movement of living organisms from a future development site to another location in an effort to mitigate damage caused. Mitigation translocations may be implemented due to legislation or regulations in many jurisdictions, and in many instances command more resources than purely conservation-motivated translocations. Although they are intended to reduce or offset harm, the effectiveness of mitigation translocations as a conservation strategy has been questioned.   I investigated the effectiveness of mitigation translocations for achieving conservation outcomes, using the study system of endemic New Zealand skinks. New Zealand’s skinks show a high level of endemism, are threatened by habitat loss and predation by introduced mammals, and are increasingly subject to mitigation translocations, making them an ideal study system for investigating mitigation outcomes. I investigated: whether mitigation translocations are meeting conservation goals; how the implementation and legal requirements of mitigation translocation relate to conservation goals; and how mitigation translocation practices might be improved to achieve better conservation outcomes.  A technique used in mitigation translocations of lizards in New Zealand is the construction of rock piles as habitat enhancement at the receiving site. I developed a novel use of computer game physics software to model the three-dimensional interstitial spaces within such rock piles, and used this model to design rock piles with the aim of protecting translocated skinks from mice (Mus musculus), New Zealand’s smallest introduced mammalian predator. The protection is achieved by selecting rocks to optimise the size of interstitial spaces to be accessible to skinks but not to the larger mice (or other larger predators). This rock pile design could be used to improve survival of skinks both in translocations and other situations such as backyard conservation or restoration. The modelling technique I developed could be used for investigation of refuge space more widely, for instance in other terrestrial systems or aquatic systems. I also took part in a mitigation translocation of lizards at Transmission Gully near Wellington, New Zealand. I used this translocation to test my rock pile design, and as a case study of the challenges facing mitigation translocations and the barriers to conservation success. In addition, I revisited nine historical mitigation translocations of skinks (7–14 years post translocation), took surveys of current populations to assess their success at meeting conservation goals, and found a success rate of 22%, considerably lower than conservation translocations of New Zealand skinks (success rate of 88.9%). Despite this, all but one met their goals of fulfilling legislative requirements.  Mitigation translocations fail to result in conservation benefit due to their implementation and goals. The goals of mitigation translocations are rooted in legislation, and vary due to inconsistent application of relevant laws (in New Zealand, the Wildlife Act 1953 and the Resource Management Act 1991), and the fact that the requirements under these laws do not necessarily reflect conservation goals. Additionally, mitigation translocations may be undertaken even when evidence indicates that meaningful conservation outcomes are unlikely (as in the case of the translocation at Transmission Gully). Failure may also be due to poor implementation; examples from case studies here include failure to control predators, low standards of planting at receptor sites, and small founder populations. To improve conservation outcomes, legal requirements for mitigation translocations should be implemented to require biologically-relevant goals (including a no net loss of biodiversity standard) and management techniques, and alternative methods of meeting conservation goals should be considered where appropriate.</p>

scholarly journals Population Density, Habitat Characteristics and Preferences of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Chakwal, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
AMIR NASEER ◽  
MUHAMMAD BILAL ◽  
UMAR NASEER ◽  
NAUREEN MUSTAFA ◽  
BUSHRA ALLAH RAKHA
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Study Sites

The Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a least concern carnivore according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2016). However, in Pakistan Red fox is considered as Near Threatened (NT), due to habitat destruction and depletion of food resources. The objective of the study was to identify habitat preferences and population density of Red fox in District Chakwal, Pakistan. Line transect census method was used to estimate the population density of Red fox through direct sighting and indirect method of burrow counting, presence of footprints and scats. A total of 10 transects were carried out at three potential sites: Devi, Photaki and Chumbisurla Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) in Chakwal based on preliminary surveys. Habitat preference was estimated by comparing three different study sites by quadrat method and found that CWS area is preferred habitat for Red fox. A total of 24 plant species were recorded in the study areas, among them Cynodon dactylon is major herb found to provide shelter to Red fox in all study sites based on Importance value Index (I.V.I) at CWS (IVI=208.8) followed by Devi (IVI=185.93) and Photaki (IVI=142.33). The maximum population density of Red fox through direct sighting at CWS having 0.26 individuals/km2 compared to Devi and Photaki having 0.16 and 0.13 individuals/km2, respectively. The indirect estimation method revealed that maximum dens were found in CWS area compared to Devi and Photaki, while footprints and scats were found maximum in Devi and Photaki, respectively. It is concluded that Red fox preferred habitat is CWS site. Habitat destruction and conflicts with fox are causing the population of the Red fox to dwindle in Chakwal, Pakistan.

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