scholarly journals Muon Tomography of the Interior of a Reinforced Concrete Block: First Experimental Proof of Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Niederleithinger ◽  
Simon Gardner ◽  
Thomas Kind ◽  
Ralf Kaiser ◽  
Marcel Grunwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Block ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Muon Tomography ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Aging Infrastructure ◽  
Imaging Algorithms ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractQuality assurance and condition assessment of concrete structures is an important topic world-wide due to the aging infrastructure and increasing traffic demands. Common topics include, but are not limited to, localisation of rebar or tendon ducts, geometrical irregularities, cracks, voids, honeycombing or other flaws. Non-destructive techniques such as ultrasound or radar have found regular, successful practical application but sometimes suffer from limited resolution and accuracy, imaging artefacts or restrictions in detecting certain features. Until the 1980s X-ray transmission was used in case of special demands and showed a much better resolution than other NDT techniques. However, due to safety concerns and cost issues, this method is almost never used anymore. Muon tomography has received much attention recently. Novel detectors for cosmic muons and tomographic imaging algorithms have opened up new fields of application, such as the investigation of freight containers. Muon imaging also has the potential to fill some of the gaps currently existing in concrete NDT. As a first step towards practical use and as a proof of concept we used an existing system to image the interior of a reference reinforced 600 kg concrete block. Even with a yet not optimized setup for this kind of investigation, the muon imaging results are at least of similar quality compared to ultrasonic and radar imaging, potentially even better. The data acquisition takes more time and signals contain more noise, but the images allowed to detect the same important features that are visible in conventional high energy X-ray tomography. In our experiment, we have shown that muon imaging has potential for concrete inspection. The next steps include the development of mobile detectors and optimising acquisition and imaging parameters.

X-Ray Tomography for Electronic Packages

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Goyal
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Capability ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Next generation assembly/package development challenges are primarily increased interconnect complexity and density with ever shorter development time. The results of this trend present some distinct challenges for the analytical tools/techniques to support this technical roadmap. The key challenge in the analytical tools/techniques is the development of non-destructive imaging for improved time to information. This paper will present the key drivers for the non-destructive imaging, results of literature search and evaluation of key analytical techniques currently available. Based on these studies requirements of a 3D imaging capability will be discussed. Critical breakthroughs required for development of such a capability are also summarized.

Effect of Coating with Hydroxyapatite on the Bonding of Bone to Implant

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1661-1666
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Benmarouane ◽  
Pierre Millet ◽  
Thomas Buslaps ◽  
Alain Lodini ◽  
Veijo Honkimäki
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Non Destructive

The aim of the present study was to study the interface implant-bone by synchrotron radiation, the implant has two faces the first one coated with hydroxyapatite and the second uncoated. In orthopaedic surgery, Titanium (Ti-Al-4V) implants are currently coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in order to obtain a stable and functional direct connection between the bone and the implant. At the implant-bone interface, the new bone reconstituted after two months of implantation must have the same properties like the natural bone in order to accept the implant. Therefore we studied the texture of the reconstituted bone crystals at the interface applying non destructive x-ray diffraction. The required high spatial resolution was achieved utilizing high-energy synchrotron radiation on ID15 at ESRF in Grenoble, France.

A focusing Laue diffractometer for the investigation of bulk crystals

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stockmeier ◽  
Andreas Magerl
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
Attenuation Length ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Massive Sample ◽  
Crystallite Structure ◽  
High Temperature Furnaces ◽  
Non Destructive

A focusing Laue diffractometer for high-energy X-rays of up to 300 keV in a laboratory environment is presented. The long attenuation length for X-ray energies above 50 keV allows for the non-destructive investigation of structural issues and bulk properties of single crystals. Furthermore, massive sample environments such as high-temperature furnaces can be used more easily. With an area detector, anisotropic mosaicities or crystallite structure become visible without any rocking movement of the sample.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Non-Local Means Algorithm with an Industrial 3 MeV LINAC High-Energy X-ray System for Non-Destructive Testing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuseok Kim ◽  
Jaegu Choi ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Means ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Non Destructive

Industrial high-energy X-ray imaging systems are widely used for non-destructive testing (NDT) to detect defects in the internal structure of objects. Research on X-ray image noise reduction techniques using image processing has been widely conducted with the aim of improving the detection of defects in objects. In this paper, we propose a non-local means (NLM) denoising algorithm to improve the quality of images obtained using an industrial 3 MeV high-energy X-ray imaging system. We acquired X-ray images using various castings and assessed the performance visually and by obtaining the intensity profile, contrast-to-noise ratio, coefficient of variation, and normalized noise power spectrum. Overall, the quality of images processed by the proposed NLM algorithm is superior to those processed by existing algorithms for the acquired casting images. In conclusion, the NLM denoising algorithm offers an efficient and competitive approach to overcome the noise problem in high-energy X-ray imaging systems, and we expect the accompanying image processing software to facilitate and improve image restoration.

In Situ Investigation of Bulk Nucleation by X-Ray Diffraction

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Larsen ◽  
C. Gundlach ◽  
Henning Friis Poulsen ◽  
L. Margulies ◽  
Q. Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Triple Junctions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Kinetics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bulk Nucleation ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Non Destructive

A new method for in-situ studies of nucleation in bulk metals based on high energy synchrotron radiation is presented. Copper samples cold rolled 20% are investigated. The crystallographic orientations near triple junctions are characterized using non-destructive 3DXRD microscopy before, during, and after annealing for 1 hour at 290°C. This method allows in-situ identification of new nuclei and the deformed material, which spawns the nuclei. Also, since data is acquired during annealing nucleation kinetics can be studied.

Analysis of Residual Stresses Around ‘Dimpled’ Cold-Expanded Holes in Aluminium Alloy Plates

2008 ◽  
Vol 571-572 ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Yan Zhang ◽  
Jordan Schlipf ◽  
Alexander M. Korsunsky
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Residual ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Non Destructive

A traditional approach to increasing fatigue resistance of many assemblies involves the creation of regions of compressive residual stress. For example, riveting holes used in modern passenger aircraft are currently subjected to cold expansion using split mandrel tools. The method is relatively expensive and not entirely problem-free. In the present study we consider a method of creating residual stresses around drilled holes referred to as ‘dimpling’, that itself is a variation of a novel technique known as the StressWaveTM process. An experimental procedure is described for the creation of localised regions of significant plastic deformation and residual stress by ‘dimpling’, allowing the production of cold-worked and residually-stressed specimens. The overall aims of this study were to determine thickness-average residual stresses by two different techniques, namely, one destructive technique (Sachs boring) and one non-destructive (high energy X-ray diffraction); and to compare the results. In Sachs boring experiments the variation of strain gauge readings with increasing diameter of the central hole was recorded. A classical elastic-ideally plastic axisymmetric model for plane stress conditions was used in the analysis. Energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for non-destructive assessment of residual elastic strains. The two different stress evaluation techniques used in this project led to consistent results. Good correlation was found between the stresses obtained from X-ray diffraction results and those deduced from Sachs boring experiments.

High-purity Ge x-ray detectors: Sensitivity factors and usefulness

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
E. B. Steel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Charge Resolution ◽  
Sensitivity Factors

High Purity Germanium (HPGe) x-ray detectors are now commercially available for the analytical electron microscope (AEM). The detectors have superior efficiency at high x-ray energies and superior resolution compared to traditional lithium-drifted silicon [Si(Li)] detectors. However, just as for the Si(Li), the use of the HPGe detectors requires the determination of sensitivity factors for the quantitative chemical analysis of specimens in the AEM. Detector performance, including incomplete charge, resolution, and durability has been compared to a first generation detector. Sensitivity factors for many elements with atomic numbers 10 through 92 have been determined at 100, 200, and 300 keV. This data is compared to Si(Li) detector sensitivity factors.The overall sensitivity and utility of high energy K-lines are reviewed and discussed. Many instruments have one or more high energy K-line backgrounds that will affect specific analytes. One detector-instrument-specimen holder combination had a consistent Pb K-line background while another had a W K-line background.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document