Relationship of failure energy and amount of ductile component in a fracture during the DWTT for rolled plate prepared by controlled rolling

Hot rolled structural plate steels with yield strength of 700 MPa are an excellent choice for a variety of demanding applications that require excellent toughness and welding properties. SSAB has developed novel hot-rolled plate steels that are produced using precision controlled rolling and an innovative cooling and tempering strategy that ensures invariable mechanical properties in the width and the length directions of the plate. The recently developed steel meets or exceeds the requirements of EN 10025-6 for the S690QL grade. The minimum yield strength (ReH) is between 630 MPa and 690 MPa depending on plate the thickness, and the interval of tensile strength is 760 - 940 MPa, while the minimum elongation at fracture is 14 %. Further, an impact energy of 69 J at-40 °C on transverse V-notch specimen is guaranteed. The novel grades represent superior bendability and surface quality, weldability with excellent HAZ strength and toughness with very low CET and CEV values, exceptional consistency of properties within a plate guaranteed by close tolerances. In addition to the excellent formability, the novel hot rolled steels exhibit greatly improved toughness properties which provides for good resistance to fracture. These outstanding properties are achieved through carefully controlled manufacturing processes. In the present study, a sophisticated recrystallization based hot rolling process optimization method is presented. With the final aim to improve the impact toughness of the novel steel, recrystallization analyses and modelling of austenite grain size development through the rolling pass schedule is performed.

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Relationship of the structure to the mechanical properties of 13KhG2B steel after controlled rolling

Metal Science and Heat Treatment ◽

10.1007/bf00800225 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 826-828

Author(s):

L. V. Popova ◽

A. G. Nasibov ◽

N. I. Karchevskaya

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Controlled Rolling ◽

Relationship Of

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Relationship of the life of rolled plate to criteria of fatigue failure

Strength of Materials ◽

10.1007/bf01533402 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1636-1640

Author(s):

V. I. Dvoretskii ◽

A. P. Korobovich

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Failure ◽

Rolled Plate ◽

Relationship Of

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The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300025707 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 146-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

William A. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Critical Points ◽

Scleractinian Corals ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Early Triassic ◽

Rugose Corals ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074768 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 194-195

Author(s):

D. F. Blake ◽

L. F. Allard ◽

D. R. Peacor

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Structural Features ◽

Sea Stars ◽

High Resolution Tem ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067777 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

Leon Dmochowski

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Mode Of Development ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085484 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

J.R. Pfeiffer ◽

J.C. Seagrave ◽

C. Wofsy ◽

J.M. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Mast Cells ◽

Protein A ◽

Scattered Electron ◽

Ige Receptor ◽

Receptor Complexes ◽

Ige Binding ◽

Electron Imaging ◽

Small Clusters ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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Organization of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the mammalian cell nucleus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014021x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

D.L. Spector ◽

S. Huang ◽

S. Kaurin

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Interchromatin Granule Clusters ◽

Interchromatin Granule ◽

Nuclear Regions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Perichromatin Fibrils

We have been interested in the organization of RNA polymerase II transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Several models have been proposed for the functional organization of RNA within the eukaryotic nucleus and for the relationship of this organization to the distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors. One model suggests that RNAs which must be spliced are capable of recruiting splicing factors to the sites of transcription from storage and/or reassembly sites. When one examines the organization of splicing factors in the nucleus in comparison to the sites of chromatin it is clear that splicing factors are not localized in coincidence with heterochromatin (Fig. 1). Instead, they are distributed in a speckled pattern which is composed of both perichromatin fibrils and interchromatin granule clusters. The perichromatin fibrils are distributed on the periphery of heterochromatin and on the periphery of interchromatin granule clusters as well as being diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. These nuclear regions have been previously shown to represent initial sites of incorporation of 3H-uridine.

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Locating Al in the DABCO catalyst before and after Al extraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100174461 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 265-267

Author(s):

Kathleen B. Reuter

Keyword(s):

Active Site ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Transverse Direction ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Acid Phosphate ◽

Fracture Surfaces ◽

Al Content ◽

Before And After ◽

Relationship Of

The reaction rate and efficiency of piperazine to 1,4-diazabicyclo-octane (DABCO) depends on the Si/Al ratio of the MFI topology catalysts. The Al was shown to be the active site, however, in the Si/Al range of 30-200 the reaction rate increases as the Si/Al ratio increases. The objective of this work was to determine the location and concentration of Al to explain this inverse relationship of Al content with reaction rate.Two silicalite catalysts in the form of 1/16 inch SiO2/Al2O3 bonded extrudates were examined: catalyst A with a Si/Al of 83; and catalyst B, the acid/phosphate Al extracted form of catalyst A, with a Si/Al of 175. Five extrudates from each catalyst were fractured in the transverse direction and particles were obtained from the fracture surfaces near the center of the extrudate diameter. Particles were also obtained from the outside surfaces of five extrudates.

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Ultrastructural evidence for mast cell-macrophage interrelationships in the dura mater of the rat: Infrequent mast cell-nerve associations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159308 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

Ruth V.W. Dimlich

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Dura Mater ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Plasma Extravasation ◽

Close Spatial Relationship ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Headache Pain ◽

Relationship Of

Mast cells in the dura mater of the rat may play a role in cerebral pathologies including neurogenic inflammation (vasodilation; plasma extravasation) and headache pain . As has been suggested for other tissues, dural mast cells may exhibit a close spatial relationship to nerves. There has been no detailed ultrastructural description of mast cells in this tissue; therefore, the goals of this study were to provide this analysis and to determine the spatial relationship of mast cells to nerves and other components of the dura mater in the rat.Four adult anesthetized male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were fixed by perfusion through the heart with 2% glutaraldehyde and 2.8% paraformaldehyde in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 30 min. The head of each rat was removed and stored in fixative for a minimum of 24 h at which time the dural coverings were removed and dissected into samples that included the middle meningeal vasculature. Samples were routinely processed and flat embedded in LX 112. Thick (1 um) sections from a minimum of 3 blocks per rat were stained with toluidine blue (0.5% aqueous).

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