scholarly journals Neurostructural and Neurophysiological Correlates of Multiple Sclerosis Physical Fatigue: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Ellison ◽  
Stuart Goodall ◽  
Niamh Kennedy ◽  
Helen Dawes ◽  
Allan Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurophysiological Data

Abstract Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). By consolidating a diverse and conflicting evidence-base, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to gain new insights into the neurobiology of MS fatigue. MEDLINE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science databases and grey literature were searched using Medical Subject Headings. Eligible studies compared neuroimaging and neurophysiological data between people experiencing high (MS-HF) versus low (MS-LF) levels of perceived MS fatigue, as defined by validated fatigue questionnaire cut-points. Data were available from 66 studies, with 46 used for meta-analyses. Neuroimaging studies revealed lower volumetric measures in MS-HF versus MS-LF for whole brain (­22.74 ml; 95% CI: -37.72 to -7.76 ml; p = 0.003), grey matter (­18.81 ml; 95% CI: ­29.60 to ­8.03 ml; p < 0.001), putamen (­0.40 ml; 95% CI: ­0.69 to ­0.10 ml; p = 0.008) and acumbens (­0.09 ml; 95% CI: ­0.15 to ­0.03 ml; p = 0.003) and a higher volume of T1-weighted hypointense lesions (1.10 ml; 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.73 ml; p < 0.001). Neurophysiological data showed reduced lower-limb maximum voluntary force production (­19.23 N; 95% CI: ­35.93 to ­2.53 N; p = 0.02) and an attenuation of upper-limb (­5.77%; 95% CI:­8.61 to ­2.93%; p < 0.0001) and lower-limb (­2.16%; 95% CI:­4.24 to ­0.07%; p = 0.04) skeletal muscle voluntary activation, accompanied by more pronounced upper-limb fatigability (­5.61%; 95% CI: -9.57 to -1.65%; p = 0.006) in MS-HF versus MS-LF. Results suggest that MS fatigue is characterised by greater cortico-subcortical grey matter atrophy and neural lesions, accompanied by neurophysiological decrements, which include reduced strength and voluntary activation. Prospero registration Prospero registration number: CRD42016017934

Early Childhood Caries and Iron Deficiency Anaemia : A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshini Nivetha Easwaran ◽  
Anitha Annadurai ◽  
M.S. Muthu ◽  
Aruna Sharma ◽  
Sneha S. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Identification of the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) will aid pediatricians and pediatric dentists to enhance health promotion measures to reduce the related morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to determine an evidence based association between ECC and IDA. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Specialised Register, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science and Scopus up to May 2020. Hand searching and grey literature screening were also conducted. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in English language which assessed the association was included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the outcome data. A total of 1434 studies were identified. Fourteen studies qualified for qualitative review and seven of them for a meta-analysis. In comparison with children not affected by ECC, those affected had an increased likelihood of IDA (OR = 6.07 (3.61, 10.21). The meta- analysis showed no statistical difference when comparing blood parameters (Hb, MCV and Serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC. This systematic review demonstrates an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA rather than it being the cause for IDA. Further longitudinal studies with robust methodology are required to determine an evidence based association.

scholarly journals Dental caries among the elderly in Iran: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervan Shoaee ◽  
Farshad Sharifi ◽  
Pooneh Ghavidel Parsa ◽  
Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on dental caries among the elderly in Iran. Background: The prevalence of dental caries among elderly is high worldwide, and the major burden of oral diseases is caused by dental caries. Methods: Systematic review of the published and grey literature performed. Six international and local databases used to provide the most comprehensive population-based studies. National oral health surveys, as well as national disease and health surveys considered as other primary sources of data. Quality of remained studies was assessed by a modified tool designed based on STROBE statement checklist to evaluate the cross-sectional studies. The target population was 65+-year-olds Iranian population. Results: Overall, 917 English articles who those reported dental caries among all age groups were found in international databases and 2138 Persian articles were found in Iranian databases. After quality assessment, and excluding other age groups, 46 points of data with 10411 aged people ≥ 65 years, were included in the meta-analysis. Mean pooled decayed, missing, and filled teeth among the elderly was 26.84 (26.41-27.28). This index was 26.78 (26.12-27.43) in women and 26.91 (26.32-27.50) in men. Mean number of decayed teeth was 1.48 (1.32-1.65). Mean pooled missing teeth was 24.83 (24.20-25.46), and mean pooled filled teeth was 0.14 (0.12-0.17). The majority (92%) of DMFT was related to missing teeth. Conclusion: Dental caries has a very high burden on the oral health of the elderly in Iran, mainly responded by tooth extraction.

The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Rosa ◽  
Geraldo Doneda Silva ◽  
Priscyla Waleska Targino de Azedo Simões ◽  
Meriene Viquetti Souza ◽  
Ana Paula Ronzani Panatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: “ovarian tumor” or “ovarian cancers” and “HPV” or “human papillomavirus.” Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0.ResultsIn total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%–20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%–6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%–35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64–9.57).ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.

scholarly journals Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional attributable fractions

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
C. D'Arcy ◽  
X. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attributable Fractions

BackgroundLiterature supports a strong relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental illness but most studies reviewed are cross-sectional and/or use recall to assess maltreatment and are thus prone to temporality and recall bias. Research on the potential prospective impact of maltreatment reduction on the incidence of psychiatric disorders is scarce.MethodElectronic databases and grey literature from 1990 to 2014 were searched for English-language cohort studies with criteria for depression and/or anxiety and non-recall measurement of childhood maltreatment. Systematic review with meta-analysis synthesized the results. Study quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias were examined. Initial screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 199 papers being reviewed. Eight high-quality articles met eligibility criteria. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) estimated potential preventive impact.ResultsThe pooled odds ratio (OR) between any type of maltreatment and depression was 2.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–3.01] and 2.70 (95% CI 2.10–3.47) for anxiety. For specific types of maltreatment and depression or anxiety disorders, the ORs were: physical abuse (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.25–3.19), sexual abuse (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.88–3.75), and neglect (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.35–2.23). PAFs suggest that over one-half of global depression and anxiety cases are potentially attributable to self-reported childhood maltreatment. A 10–25% reduction in maltreatment could potentially prevent 31.4–80.3 million depression and anxiety cases worldwide.ConclusionThis review provides robust evidence of childhood maltreatment increasing the risk for depression and anxiety, and reinforces the need for effective programs and policies to reduce its occurrence.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Massage Therapy for Improving Sequelae in Post-Stroke Survivors. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Rosa Cabanas-Valdés ◽  
Jordi Calvo-Sanz ◽  
Pol Serra-Llobet ◽  
Joana Alcoba-Kait ◽  
Vanessa González-Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Massage ◽  
Limb Spasticity ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy

Objective: To assess the effect of therapeutic massage for improving sequelae in stroke survivors. Methods: A systematic review of the nine medical databases from January 1961 to December 2020 was carried out. The bibliography was screened to identify randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently screened references, selected relevant studies, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the PEDro scale. The primary outcome was upper and lower limb motor function and spasticity. Results: A total of 3196 studies were identified and 18 RCT were finally included (1989 individuals). A meta-analysis of RCTs in the comparison of Chinese massage (Tuina) plus conventional physiotherapy versus conventional physiotherapy was performed. The mean difference (MD) in the subacute stage on upper limb motor-function using the Fugl Meyer Assessment was 2.75; (95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.97 to 4.53, p = 0.002, I2 = 36%). The MD on upper limb spasticity using modified Ashworth scale was −0.15; (95% CI from −0.24 to −0.06, p < 0.02, I2 = 0%).The MD on lower limb spasticity was −0.59; (95% CI from −0.78 to −0.40, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%) in the endpoint. Conclusions: Therapeutic massage, especially Tuina, in addition to conventional therapy is effective for improving motor function and for reducing spasticity in stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Association of sociodemographic factors with the prescription pattern of opioids for dental patients: A systematic review protocol

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255743
Author(s):  
Alex Junio Silva Cruz ◽  
Lucas Guimarães Abreu ◽  
Suellen da Rocha Mendes ◽  
Lia Silva de Castilho ◽  
Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Evaluation Approach

Introduction Oral health practitioners are responsible for a significant share of opioid prescriptions that seem to be influenced by many aspects, including sociodemographic factors. However, there is no consensus on the factors associated with opioid prescription in Dentistry. Objective To identify whether patients’ sociodemographic factors are associated with the prescription pattern of opioids in Dentistry. Materials and methods This systematic review will include observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort). Electronic searches will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Web of science, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Grey literature will also be consulted. Two independent reviewers will screen all retrieved articles for eligibility, extract data, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis and, where possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Certainty of the evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO CRD42020211226.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis and its related factors; systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Aghaz ◽  
Alireza Alidad ◽  
Ehsan Hemmati ◽  
Hussein Jadidi ◽  
Leila Ghelichi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Analysis Phase ◽  
Global Epidemiology

Background: Dysphagia is the most prevalent sign of multiple sclerosis (MS) which can reduce the quality of life and augment mortality in the final stages of MS. We presented a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of dysphagia in general and separately for each evaluation method (subjective and objective), and to analyze the causes of this rampant disease. Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies were reviewed and scientific  proofs were evaluated consistent with the pre-specified levels of certainty. Results: Twenty-two articles entered the meta-analysis phase; the estimation of the general prevalence of dysphagia in MS-affected patients was 43.33% related to all the 22 studies. Moreover, the estimate of the prevalence via the subjective (16 studies) and objective (6 studies) methods were 37.21% and 58.47%, respectively. Conclusion: This study obtained the prevalence rate of dysphagia in patients affected by MS globally, yet there was infinite statistical society and limited methodological quality. Thus, more extensive studies are required for a better understanding of the global epidemiology regarding dysphagia in MS.

Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Graham ◽  
Catherine C. O'Connor ◽  
Stephen Morgan ◽  
Catherine Chamberlain ◽  
Jane Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Population Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Torres Strait

Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) are Australia’s first peoples. Between 2006 and 2015, HIV notifications increased among Aboriginal people; however, among non-Aboriginal people, notifications remained relatively stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people overall and by subgroups. Methods: In November 2015, a search of PubMed and Web of Science, grey literature and abstracts from conferences was conducted. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people tested and those who tested positive for HIV. The following variables were extracted: gender; Aboriginal status; population group (men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, adults, youth in detention and pregnant females) and geographical location. An assessment of between study heterogeneity (I2 test) and within study bias (selection, measurement and sample size) was also conducted. Results: Seven studies were included; all were cross-sectional study designs. The overall sample size was 3772 and the prevalence of HIV was 0.1% (I2 = 38.3%, P = 0.136). Five studies included convenient samples of people attending Australian Needle and Syringe Program Centres, clinics, hospitals and a youth detention centre, increasing the potential of selection bias. Four studies had a sample size, thus decreasing the ability to report pooled estimates. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people in Australia is low. Community-based programs that include both prevention messages for those at risk of infection and culturally appropriate clinical management and support for Aboriginal people living with HIV are needed to prevent HIV increasing among Aboriginal people.

scholarly journals Action observation training for rehabilitation in brain injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Buchignani ◽  
Elena Beani ◽  
Valerie Pomeroy ◽  
Oriana Iacono ◽  
Elisa Sicola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Observation Training ◽  
Activity Domain

Abstract Background To systematically review and analyse the effects of Action Observation Training on adults and children with brain damage. Methods Seven electronic databases (Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Eric, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched up to 16 September 2018 to select Randomized Controlled Trials focused on adults and children with brain damage that included AOT training on upper and/or lower limb carried out for at least 1 week. Identification of studies and data extraction was conducted with two reviewers working independently. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (March2009) – Levels of Evidence and Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale were used to grade studies. The data collected from the articles were analysed using software R, version 3.4.3. Hedge’s g values were calculated and effect size estimates were pooled across studies. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each ICF domain (i.e. body function and activity) for upper and lower limb. Results Out of the 210 records identified after removing duplicates, 22 were selected for systematic review and 19 were included in the meta-analysis. Thirteen studies included in the meta-analysis focused on upper limb rehabilitation (4 in children and 9 in adults) and 6 on lower limb rehabilitation (only studies in adults). A total of 626 patients were included in the meta-analysis. An overall statistically significant effect size was found for upper limb body function (0.44, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.64], p < 0.001) and upper limb activity domain (0.47, 95% CI: [0.30, 0.64], p < 0.001). For lower limb, only the activity domain was analysed, revealing a statistically significant overall effect size (0.56, 95% CI: [0.28, 0.84], p < 0.001). Conclusions Action Observation Training (AOT) is an innovative rehabilitation tool for individuals with brain damage, which shows promising results in improving the activity domain for upper and lower limbs, and also the body function domain for the upper limb. However, the examined studies lack uniformity and further well-designed, larger controlled trials are necessary to determine the most suitable type of AOT particularly in children. Systematic review registration CRD42019119600.

scholarly journals The effect of women’s body mass index on pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chernet Baye Zenebe ◽  
Wagaye Fentahun Chanie ◽  
Aster Berhe Aregawi ◽  
Tamiru Minwuye Andargie ◽  
Muhabaw Shumye Mihret
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Pelvic organ prolapse remains the public health challenge globally. Existing evidences report the effect of woman’s weight on the pelvic organ prolapse inconsistently and this urges the need of pooled body weight effect on the pelvic organ prolapse. Although there was a previous work on this regard, it included papers reported before June 18/2015. Thus, updated and comprehensive evidence in this aspect is essential to devise strategies for interventions. Objective This review aimed at synthesizing evidence regarding the pooled effect of body weight on the pelvic organ prolapsed. Methods For this review, we searched all available articles through databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences, CINAHL, JBI library, Cochran library, PsycInfo and EMBASE as well as grey literature including Mednar, worldwide science, PschEXTRA and Google scholar. We included cohort, case–control, cross-sectional and experimental studies which had been reported between March 30, 2005 to March 30, 2020. In the effect analysis, we utilized random model. The heterogeneity of the studies was determined by I2 statistic and the publication bias was checked by Egger’s regression test. Searching was limited to studies reported in the English language. Results A total of 14 articles with 53,797 study participants were included in this systematic review (SR) and meta analysis (MA). The pooled result of this Meta analyses depict that body mass index (BMI) doesn’t have statistical significant association with pelvic organ prolapse. Conclusion This review point out that women’s body mass index has no significant effect on the development of pelvic organ prolapse. However, the readers should interpret the result with cautions due to the presence of considerable limitations in this work. Trial registration The protocol of this systematic review (SR) and meta analysis (MA) has been registered in PROSPERO databases with the Registration number of CRD42020186951

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