scholarly journals A Distributional Analysis of Uni-and Multidimensional Poverty and Inequalities in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Bersisa ◽  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Multidimensional Index ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Conventional Measure ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Heads

AbstractThis study analyzes uni-and multidimensional poverty and inequalities in rural and small towns in Ethiopia. Unlike the unidimensional measure, the multidimensional measure of poverty shows all the channels through which poverty may manifest itself; it also shows the extent of deprivation. The analysis uses 6 dimensions with 14 indicators to construct a multidimensional index of poverty and inequalities using Ethiopian Households’ Socioeconomic Survey dataset. The study also uses multiple correspondence analyses for determining relative weights in computing a multidimensional index and conducts a stochastic dominance analysis of distribution of poverty for different population segments. The paper sheds light on the degree of inequalities in consumption expenditure and multidimensional deprivations. In addition, it also compares the degree of poverty using the conventional measure of poverty and the multidimensional approach. It also examines the determinants of household poverty status using both unidimensional and multidimensional measures using the logit model. The results show that the intensity, severity, and depth of poverty varies substantially across the 2 measures. The unidimensional measure of poverty shows that 36 percent of the households were poor as compared to 46 percent multidimensionally poor households. Moreover, demographic, regional, and household heads’ characteristics also affect households’ poverty status.

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Yennie Dwi Rozanti ◽  
Mohamad Khusaini ◽  
Ferry Prasetyia
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Logit Regression Model

Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of multi-dimensional poverty in Quang Ngai province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Phát Đinh Huỳnh
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Status

According to the multidimensional poverty line applied for the period 2016 - 2020, the quality of life of impoverished people in Quang Ngai province was dramatically low, forcing residents to face up to a serious shortage of basic social needs. Poverty in terms of their income was the main factor in the poverty structure of Quang Ngai province (generally over 90% of the total poor households). By 2020, the number of poor households who missed the criteria of hygienic toilets was the highest, accounting for 59.59% of the total number of poor households. The figures for the inaccessibility of the marginalized to basic needs were disproportionately high, with 40.64% people lacking telecommunications services such as telephones or the Internet, 40.59% using unhygienic water sources, 35.09% having a housing area per capita of less than 8 square meters and 33.53% living in temporary houses. The indicator with the least deficiency rate was the children’s schooling status and access to health services. However, the number of households whose members did not possess health insurance was extremely high, which might potentially bear the risk of households falling back into the poverty status when a member of the family gets a disease. Changes in multidimensional poverty show that although urban areas have a high rate of people escaping from poverty, the rate of households falling back to poverty status is also higher than that of rural areas; The rate of households falling into poverty in rural areas is much higher than that in urban areas. The Covid 19 pandemic and natural disasters which occurred in 2020 also significantly contributed to increasing the number of poor households. In order to reduce poverty and improve people's capacity to access basic social services, Quang Ngai province needs to pay attention to creating livelihoods, promoting the achievements of education universalization and the health insurance system, and improving the efficiency of investment in infrastructure on the basis of integrating the Target Programs.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN RURAL ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amurtiya Michael ◽  
Abdu Karniliyus Tashikalma ◽  
David Chinda Maurice ◽  
Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Heads

This study assessed multidimensional poverty in rural parts of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study objectives were to: describe the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, determine their multidimensional poverty status, and identify the determinants of multidimensional poverty in the sampled communities. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 480 household heads selected from 16 villages across the study area. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Multidimensional Poverty Analytical Tool (MPAT), and Binary Logistic regression model. The respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics described in the study showed that the mean age was 46.3 years, while the average household size was 7 persons. The study indicated that most (86.7%) of the respondents were male, who are mostly married (91.7%), and that majority (74%) are educated. The distribution of the respondents’ multidimensional poverty status revealed that majority (61.7%) of the households were poor. The study revealed that multidimensional poverty in the study area is influenced negatively by age, marital status, and household size. Similarly, gender, educational level, livelihood activities, farm size, livestock ownership, remittance, membership of group, and access to credit positively influence multidimensional poverty. Key among the recommendations of the study is the adequate provision of basic infrastructure in the area.

scholarly journals Usaha Ternak Domba sebagai Jalur Keluar dari Kemiskinan Buruh Tani di Perdesaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Sondi Kuswaryan ◽  
Cecep Firmansyah ◽  
Muhammad Hasan Hadiana
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Members

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemungkinan usaha ternak domba sebagai aktivitas nafkah untuk pengentasan kemiskinan, serta menentukan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang dapat  membawa rumah tangga buruh tani keluar dari kemiskinan. Survey telah dilakukan di Desa Walangsari Kecamatan Kalapanunggal Kabupaten Sukabumi, melibatkan rumah tangga buruh tani miskin sebanyak 65 orang dan 22 orang tidak miskin. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan dianalisis menggunakan model regresi logistik biner, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang harus dipelihara untuk keluar dari kemiskinan ditentukan dengan model regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia kepala keluarga, dan pengalaman beternak tidak mempengaruhi kemiskinan, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, keterlibatan dalam kelembagaan, serta sumber pendapatan dari non pertanian mempengaruhi status kemiskinan rumah tangga buruh tani. Pada rata-rata jumlah anggota rumah tangga sebanyak 4,45 orang,untuk keluar dari kemiskinan buruh tani harus memelihara minimal sebanyak 36,63 ekor domba per rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa usaha ternak domba dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk pengentasan kemiskinan buruh tani, program pengentasan kemiskinan akan efektif bila melibatkan kelembagaan lokal.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, jumlah kepemilikan domba, kemiskinanABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the possibility of sheep farming as a livelihood activity for poverty alleviation and to determine the amount of sheep ownership that can bring farm laborers households out of poverty. Survey research has been carried out in Walangsari Village, Kalapanunggal District, Sukabumi Regency, involving 65 poor farmer households and 22 non-poor households. Factors affecting poverty were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model, while the number of sheep ownership needed to escape poverty was determined by a simple regression model. The results showed that the age of the head of the family, and experience of sheep farmers did not affect poverty, while the number of sheep ownership, number of household members, involvement in institutions, and sources of income from non-agriculture affected the poverty status of farm laborers' households. In the average number of household members as many as 4.45 people, to get out of poverty must maintain a minimum of 36.63 sheep per household. This research explains that sheep farming can be used as a means to reduce the poverty of farm laborers, and poverty alleviation programs will be effective if they involve local institutions.Keywords: farm labor, number of sheep ownership, poverty

scholarly journals The Relationship between Stunting and Some Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors among Yemeni Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed A. K. Al-Mansoob ◽  
Muhammed S. A. Masood
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Situation

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of sex, residence area, age group, school enrollment, poverty status, and income quintiles variables on the prevalence of stunting among Yemeni children and adolescents. The investigation was done on all children and adolescents (3004) aged 5-19 years and included in the last Yemeni Household Budget Survey (YHBS) data of 2005/2006. The data included a classification of the poverty status of surveyed households. The cutoff of -2 z scores of the height-for-age reference suggested by NCHS was used to calculate the prevalence rate of stunting. Descriptive, categorical testing, and logit modelling statistical analysis tools were used in the investigation. The statistical analysis shows the overall prevalence rate of stunting as 49.5% and the prevalence of stunting among males is higher than females. The prevalence of stunting among rural children and adolescents is higher than the urban children and adolescents, and it is higher among children and adolescents who were not enrolled than those enrolled. Children and adolescents of poor households were suffering from stunting (52.8%) as compared to children and adolescents of nonpoor households (47.7%). Children and adolescents living with the poorest, second, and middle-income households were 1.76, 1.73, and 1.46 times more likely to be stunted, respectively. The research provides an evidence that the childhood health situation in Yemen is chaotic and needs careful and effective cooperation and efforts both nationally and internationally to divert the foreseen danger looming.

An Analysis of Mobile Financial Services and Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Nahid Akhter ◽  
M. A. Baqui Khalily
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Male Household Head ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Mobile Financial Services ◽  
Household Heads

In a short span of time, starting in 2011, mobile financial services (MFSs) have burgeoned in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the developing world. MFSs have brought about major changes in financial products and institutional structures in the financial services market. The study of Bangladesh’s experience with MFS shows that financial inclusion has greatly improved along with efficiency of provision. This article shows that the probability of using MFSs by a household increases by about 43 per cent if the households have temporary domestic migrant members. Female household heads are less likely to use MFS compared to male household head. Out of 1,588 micro merchants in the sample, around 30 per cent have access to MFSs. Individuals engaged in the non-agriculture sector, those from households with the head having higher education, those from non-poor households and those from urban areas have higher probabilities of MFS use. But more research must be done to design appropriate MFS products for the poor, so that they too can also leverage the benefits of MFSs.

scholarly journals Estimating numbers and poverty status of female household and family heads

2017 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Rallu
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Headship ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Resource Data ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Complex Households

Abstract: Historical studies of single females and mothers are mostly based on heads of household only, because family-level information concerning complex households was unavailable and they were, therefore, rendered statistically invisible. This is still the case with modern surveys like the household income and expenditure survey, as income and resource data are only provided at household level. By categorising headship rates by sex, age and marital status, this paper presents a methodology for estimating – in addition to heads of household– the numbers of single females and mothers among members of complex or multigenerational households. Such situations were frequent in the past and continue to be so in developing countries and among migrants. Young couples may also be in such living arrangements, mostly in times of crises and tight housing markets.The data analysis shows that access to independent dwellings and to household headship is strongly related to income and employment, and the associated selection leads to significant biases in estimates of the socio-economic status of households or families, in favour of mostly better-off families. The poorest households are made up of those who live independently because no other option is open to them. Little option is open to those with little or no resources, either, and thus they live in complex households where their poverty risk cannot be estimated, and where they may have little influence on the education, health and work of themselves and their children.Key words: Female household heads, Poverty estimates, Youth in poverty, living arrangementsResumen: A lo largo de la historia, los estudios sobre mujeres y madres solteras se han basado por lo general solamente en las cabezas de hogar, pues faltaba la información en el ámbito familiar sobre hogares complejos, y esto los hacía estadísticamente invisibles. Esta situación sigue sucediendo en las encuestas modernas, como la encuesta de ingresos y egresos de los hogares (HIES), ya que solo se obtuvieron datos sobre ingresos y recursos a nivel del hogar. El presente trabajo categoriza las tasas de jefatura según el sexo, la edad, el estado civil y así ofrece una metodología para estimar, además de las cabezas de familia, la cantidad de mujeres y madres solteras entre los miembros de hogares complejos o multigeneracionales. Estas situaciones ocurrían con frecuencia en el pasado y aún se presentan en países en desarrollo y entre los migrantes. Las parejas jóvenes también se pueden encontrar en tales situaciones de vivienda, sobre todo en tiempos de crisis o con un mercado inmobiliario limitado.El análisis de los datos muestra que el acceso a una vivienda independiente y a la jefatura de familia está estrechamente relacionado con el nivel de ingresos y el empleo, y la selección asociada conduce a sesgos importantes en la estimación de la situación socioeconómica de un hogar o familia, lo que favorece a las familias acomodadas. Los hogares más pobres son aquellos que viven de manera independiente porque no tienen otra opción. Quienes cuentan con pocos recursos tienen muy pocas oportunidades, y esto hace que vivan en hogares complejos en los que no se puede medir su riesgo de pobreza y no tengan oportunidades de educación, salud y empleo para sí mismos ni para sus hijos.Palabras clave: Mujeres cabeza de hogar, estimaciones de pobreza, jóvenes en situación de pobreza, situación de vivienda 

scholarly journals CORRELATES OF POVERTY STATUS AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA: AN ASSET INDEX APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH OMOLOLA OYEDEPO
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Asset Index ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Heads

Examination of the characteristics and causes of poverty is an important input into the design of economic policy and poverty alleviation programmes. This study assessed the poverty status of rural households in Ogun State, using the Asset Index Approach due to shortcomings of the conventional methods in poverty analysis. Relevant data were collected from a total of 260 households using a four-stage sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using principal component and ordered probit regression analyses (OPRA). The results showed that the OPRA, which significantly (χ2 = 135.20, p < 0.01) explained the probability of a household escaping poverty, revealed that the primary occupation of household heads and the educational status of household heads and their wives among others factors significantly affect the likelihood of escaping poverty. The study therefore suggested that the economic situation of rural households can be considerably enhanced by promoting member’s access to qualitative education and also by encouraging household heads who take up farming activities as their primary occupation to participate in credit associations, indigenous savings and micro financing so as to boost their farming. Therefore, rural development policies should be tailored towards developing these facilities.

scholarly journals Including services in multidimensional poverty measurement for SDGs: modifications to the consensual approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Alba Lanau ◽  
Joanna Mack ◽  
Shailen Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Consensual Approach

Poor households disproportionately lack access to services, yet this is rarely considered in poverty measures. Service provision can vary significantly between and within countries, and so similar levels of household resources may translate to very different living standards. Where universal provision of basic services is lacking, current approaches to poverty measurement may result in underestimates, thereby raising comparability and identification issues. We propose a conceptual framework to incorporate service provision into multidimensional poverty measures, based on a modification to the consensual approach. The modification would create improved context-specific poverty measures, enabling a more nuanced understanding about effective access to services.

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