scholarly journals The 2021 chemistry Nobel laureates and asymmetric organocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Hargittai
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Asymmetric Organocatalysis ◽  
Year 2000

AbstractThe 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Benjamin List and David MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis.” This choice was remarkable for a number of reasons. It singled out a very “chemical” discovery, whereas in recent years, the chemistry prizes often went for discoveries in biochemistry, and it singled out two relatively young men. The concept of asymmetric organocatalysis has been around since the late 1920s, and in the early 1970s, even proline was recognized as capable of playing the role of an enzyme. Nonetheless, asymmetric organocatalysis has found major applications since about the year 2000 due to the discoveries and activities of the new laureates and their colleagues.

Global and local “teachable moments”: The role of Nobel Prize and national pride

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Baram-Tsabari ◽  
Elad Segev
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Teachable Moment ◽  
Teachable Moments ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Local Searches ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Global And Local

This study examined to what extent Nobel Prize announcements and awards trigger global and local searches or “teachable moments” related to the laureates and their discoveries. We examined the longitudinal trends in Google searches for the names and discoveries of Nobel laureates from 2012 to 2017. The findings show that Nobel Prize events clearly trigger more searches for laureates, but also for their respective discoveries. We suggest that fascination with the Nobel prize creates a teachable moment not only for the underlying science, but also about the nature of science. Locality also emerged as playing a significant role in intensifying interest.

Slavery and Ransom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores captives’ fates after their capture, all along the Ottoman land and maritime frontiers, arguing that this was largely determined by individuals’ value for ransom or sale. First this was a matter of localized customary law; then it became a matter of inter-imperial rules, the “Law of Ransom.” The chapter discusses the nature of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the role of elite households, and the varying prices for captives based on their individual characteristics. It shows that the Ottoman state participated in ransoming, buying, exploiting, and sometimes selling both female and male captives. The state particularly needed young men to row on its galleys, but this changed in the late eighteenth century as the fleet moved from oars to sails. The chapter then turns to ransom, showing that a captive’s ability to be ransomed, and value, depended on a variety of individualized factors.

Youth Studies, Housing Transitions and the ‘Missing Middle’: Time for a Rethink?

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Youth Studies ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Youth Research ◽  
Communal Living ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
Determining Factor

A recent but growing trend in studies of young people's lives has been to highlight that there is a ‘missing middle’ in the youth studies research agenda. It has been argued that much youth research focuses on either successful or very troubled transitions to adulthood, with the lives of those who might simply be ‘getting by’ representing an empirical absence. Building on previous work that has addressed how such a missing middle can add to our understanding of educational experience and attainment, labour market engagement and participation, and issues of identity, this paper pays attention to the housing transitions, careers and aspirations of a group of ‘ordinary’ and apparently unproblematic working class young men. Because they do not represent groups that have been of especial interest in youth studies to date, their experiences problematize the on-going utility of dominant conceptual frameworks used to explain housing transitions. In addition to their ‘lack of fit’ with ideal type typologies, the young men also reveal the shifting nature of attitudes towards communal living ‘which is traditionally associated with middle class students’ in combination with the continuing role of social resources as a determining factor in their housing transition.

Remembering J. M. Stuart-Young of Onitsha, Colonial Nigeria: Memoirs, Obituaries and Names

Africa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Newell
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Local People ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractColonial Onitsha provided the stage for John Moray Stuart-Young (1881–1939), a Manchester trader and poet, to perform the role of an educated gentleman. In his autobiographical writing, Stuart-Young created a host of famous metropolitan friends and constructed for himself a past through which he invited African readers to remember him. The extent to which Onitsha citizens accepted his version of his life is explored in this article, for during the period of Stuart-Young's residence in town, from approximately 1909 until his death in 1939, different sectors of Igbo society observed him closely, read his publications, worked with him and witnessed his patronage of young men. Local people, including the children, studied his behaviour over time and produced a range of African names and watchwords by which they remembered his life.

scholarly journals “How is these kids meant to make it out the ghetto now?” Community cohesion and communities of laughter in British multicultural comedy

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ilott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Cohesion ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
Shared Laughter

This article uses readings of Mark Mylod’s Ali G Indahouse, Joe Cornish’s Attack the Block, and Chris Morris’s Four Lions to argue against a political trend for laying the blame for the purported failure of British multiculturalism at the hands of individual communities. Through my readings of these comic films, I suggest that popular constructions of “community” based on assumptions about cultural and religious homogeneity are rightly challenged, and new communities are created through shared laughter. Comedy’s structural engagement with taboo means that stereotypes which have gained currency through media and political discourse that seeks to demonize particular groups of young men (Muslims and gang members, for example) are foregrounded. By being brought to the forefront and exposed, these stereotypes can be engaged with and challenged through ridicule and demonstrations of incongruity. Furthermore, I suggest that power relations are made explicit through joking structures that work to include or exclude, meaning that the comedies can draw and redraw communities of laughter in a manner that effectively challenges notions of communities as discrete, homogeneous, and closely connected to cultural heritage. The article works against constructions of British Muslims as the problem community par excellence by using multicultural discourse to contextualize the representation of British Muslims and demonstrate how the discourse has repressed the role of political, social, and economic structures in a focus on “self-segregating” communities.

On the role of vertical and horizontal model resolution for the simulation of stratospheric transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hella Garny ◽  
Simone Dietmüller ◽  
Roland Eichinger ◽  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Marianna Linz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Numerical Dispersion ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Model Resolution ◽  
Residual Circulation ◽  
Year 2000

<p>The stratospheric transport circulation, or Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC), is often conceptually seperated into advection along the residual circulation and two-way mixing. In particular the latter part has recently been found to exert a strong influence on inter-model differences of mean age of Air (AoA), a common measure of the BDC. However, the precise reason for model differences in two-way mixing remains unknown, as many model<br>components in multi-model projects differ. One component that likely plays an important role is model resolution, both vertically and horizontally. To analyse this aspect, we carried out a set of simulations with identical and constant year 2000 climate forcing varying the spectral horizontal<br>resolution (T31,T42,T63,T85) and the number of vertical levels (L31,L47,L90). We find that increasing the vertical resolution leads to an increase in mean AoA. Most of this change can be attributed to aging by mixing. The mixing efficiency, defined as the ratio of isentropic mixing strength and the diabatic circulation, shows the same dependency on vertical resolution. While horizontal resolution changes do not systematically change mean AoA, we do<br>find a systematic decrease in the mixing efficiency with increasing horizontal resolution. Non-systematic changes in the residual circulation partly compensate the mixing efficiency changes, leading to the non-systematic mean AoA changes. The mixing efficiency changes with vertical and horizontal resolution are consistent with expectations on the effects of numerical dispersion on mean AoA. To further investigate the most relevant regions of mixing differences, we analyse height-resolved mixing efficiency differences. Overall, this work will help to shed light on the underlying reasons for the large biases of climate models in simulating stratospheric transport.</p>

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