scholarly journals Lying, speech acts, and commitment

Synthese ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neri Marsili
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adequate Analysis

AbstractNot every speech act can be a lie. A good definition of lying should be able to draw the right distinctions between speech acts (like promises, assertions, and oaths) that can be lies and speech acts (like commands, suggestions, or assumptions) that under no circumstances are lies. This paper shows that no extant account of lying is able to draw the required distinctions. It argues that a definition of lying based on the notion of ‘assertoric commitment’ can succeed where other accounts have failed. Assertoric commitment is analysed in terms of two normative components: ‘accountability’ and ‘discursive responsibility’. The resulting definition of lying draws all the desired distinctions, providing an intensionally adequate analysis of the concept of lying.

scholarly journals Real Estate Offers in Jordan: A Representative-Directive Speech Act

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Sami Abdel-Karim Abdullah Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Definition Of

This study examines Jordanian Arabic Real Estate Offers (henceforth JAREOs) on the open market website. It aims at presenting an appropriate taxonomy of linguistic realization patterns pertaining to the speech act of offering. In this regard, an exact definition of this particular speech act should be provided. The taxonomy, which is based on the basis of two theoretical frameworks, viz. speech acts and politeness theory, will be presented. To achieve the goal of this study, data were selected from the above-mentioned website. The 20 real estate offers were analyzed in a qualitative-quantitative method, so the data were tabulated and calculated in order to find out if there were striking statistical differences among the offering linguistic patterns. The analysis has revealed that JAREOs belonging to a new type of offers; investment offers are a hybrid speech act combining representative and directive illocutionary acts, and they are subcategorized only under conventionally direct offers. It has also been revealed that the elliptical utterances are the most frequent pattern in representatives while in directives, gerunds are the most frequent one in Jordanian Arabic real estate offers. It is hoped that this study extends the scope of speech act research in advertising discourse.

The Lying-Misleading Distinction: A Commitment-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-319
Author(s):  
Emanuel Viebahn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Definition Of

The distinction between lying and mere misleading is commonly tied to the distinction between saying and conversationally implicating. Many definitions of lying are based on the idea that liars say something they believe to be false, while misleaders put forward a believed-false conversational implicature. The aim of this paper is to motivate, spell out, and defend an alternative approach, on which lying and misleading differ in terms of commitment: liars, but not misleaders, commit themselves to something they believe to be false. This approach entails that lying and misleading involve speech-acts of different force. While lying requires the committal speech-act of asserting, misleading involves the non-committal speech-act of suggesting. The approach leads to a broader definition of lying that can account for lies that are told while speaking non-literally or with the help of presuppositions, and it allows for a parallel definition of misleading, which so far is lacking in the debate.

“I wol sterve”

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Rudanko
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Definition Of

This study focuses on the construction of an amorous relationship in Chaucer’s poetry. It is observed that threats are recurring speech acts in Chaucer’s wooing scenes. Such threats are conditional and coercive in nature, having a bearing on the role and exercise of free will. A speech act definition of a threat is offered in the article. The definition is based on John Searle’s analytic model and threats in wooing scenes are treated as commissives, given their conditional nature. Such threats are also often playful in varying degrees. Drawing on a number of examples from Chaucer’s major poems, the article examines the nature of playfulness and the question of how it is grounded in the content and the context of a threat. The issue of a lady’s consent is framed in the article by the larger background of the partly conflicting Germanic and Roman cultural traditions both impacting Chaucerian England.

scholarly journals “Xaste Nabâši(D)” As A Culture Specific Speech Act In Persian

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-289
Author(s):  
Masoume Khodaei Moghaddam ◽  
Mahmoud Elyasi ◽  
Shahla Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Phatic Communication ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Different Cultures

As different cultures have different speech acts and some cases of unsuccessful communication are due to the differences among the cultural patterns of speech acts, knowledge of these speech acts can help people to communicate more successfully. In this regard, the present paper ,based on Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory (1987), examines and analyzes œxaste nabi(d)  speech act in Persian language to come up with the functions it serves in the Iranian Persian-speaking community for those non-Persian speakers who want to speak or learn Persian. For this purpose, some native speakers of Persian language from different ages and different groups were ­observed in such natural settings as markets, shops, the streets, and parties and their speech was recorded; then transcribed and translated into English, finally, the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results show that, there are seven major functions of xaste nabi(d) in Persian which are as follows: In literal meaning of "not being exhausted or tired", phatic communication, greeting and sometimes to bid farewell, mitigating request, to state indirectly end of a work or an activity, thanking and blaming. Finally, it is worth noting that we can define politeness in Persian language as using such politeness expressions (”xaste nabi(d) not only for mitigating face threatening act (FTA), but also for face enhancing act (FEA) and successful interaction and communication. So incompatible with politeness definition of Brown and Levinson (1987) who consider politeness simply as a means of mitigating FTA, politeness in Persian is defined as FEA too.

scholarly journals LYING IS A KIND OF DECEPTION / (MENTIRA É UM TIPO DE ENGANAÇÃO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Felipe Castelo Branco MEDEIROS (PUCRS)
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Definition Of

Under the traditional view of lying, the concept is usually taken to be a deviant speech act with the following characteristics: (1) being insincere and (2) being done with the intention to deceive. On the recent literature, however, (2) has come under attack by a class of counter examples that purport to show that the traditional view has been misguided. In this essay, our objective is twofold, we intend to: (a) present Lackey’s defense of her take on the traditional conception; (b) present a different proposal about how to go about defending (2). This is important because, although we don’t agree with Lackey’s solution, we do agree that (2) is a necessary condition on a successful definition of lying, as evidenced by the fact that taking the deception clause out of [lying] leaves us with an overall loss of explanatory power with regards to a range of speech acts and the general ethics of communicative cooperation.

scholarly journals A theoretical review of the speech act of suggesting: towards a taxonomy for its use in FLT

2005 ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Martínez Flor
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Interlanguage Pragmatics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Directive Speech

The aim of this paper is to present a taxonomy of linguistic realisation strategies concerning the speech act of suggesting. In this regard, we will first provide a definition of this particular speech act, outlining its main characteristics and differentiating it from other directive speech acts, such as requests. Second, we will review the research conducted on suggestions by examining studies from both the cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics fields. Third, we will present the taxonomy we have drawn up on the basis of two theoretical frameworks, namely those of speech act and politeness theories, as well as findings from previous studies on this particular speech act. Finally, we will propose an example of a teaching approach in which this taxonomy could be implemented in order to develop learners' pragmatic competence when making suggestions.

Lorrie Moore CollectionWords Are All You Need: Speech Acts in Lorrie Moore's Anagrams

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-563
Author(s):  
KAREN WEEKES
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Voice

Indulgence in wordplay is a chief marker of Lorrie Moore's prose. No matter the voice or context, her protagonists find refuge in words' multiple meanings, as near-puns, near-anagrams, and other examples of wordplay are strewn throughout her tales. Her characters are often shaped by their language and their response to others' words more than by their responses to events, giving speech acts more import than actual actions. All storytelling can be viewed as a type of speech act between author and reader, but Moore's protagonists use speech acts as a respite from tension and interpersonal conflict, to the extent of using language to invent new characters, such as Georgianne and Eleanor in Anagrams. People in Moore's tales are rarely looking for the “right” – consoling, helpful – words; they instead use language as a bandage to cover the wounds of failing, or failed, relationships. Speech acts ultimately prove fruitless in holding off the inevitable, and her characters are almost always alone at the end of their stories, isolated by the repercussions of their own speech acts. Their facility with language is a consolation in, but often contributor to, their loneliness.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACT ON STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION VIDEO IN ONE OF THE ENGLISH COURSES IN BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Mu’man Mu’man
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Definition Of

Speech acts are divided into three categories – locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Each speech act can be investigated based on the researcher’s need what it is done in this research purpose of this study aiming to find out the context meaning of communicative illocutionary act categories on students’ conversation video. The spirit of the speech act can be called as illocutionary which becomes a central concept. Regarding to the definition of speech acts, several numerous options related to illocutionary have some kinds of acts such as promising, ordering, and bequeathing. This research uses Austin’s book as a grant theory strengthened by Yule. This research result is the researcher has found communicative illocutionary acts on students’ conversation video including constatives, directives, commissives, and acknowledgments.Keywords: Illocutionary, constative, directives, commissives, acknowledgments

scholarly journals Is Searlean Insincere Promise a Speech Act?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Ogleznev
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Basic Argument ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Normal Speech

In this article, I focus solely on the study of the classical definition of the speech act of promising given in the works of John Searle. In the first section, I consider the conditions and rules for the successful performance of the act of promising. The second section includes an analysis of some contradictions in Searle’s approach to the insincere promise. I discuss his basic argument that insincere promises are speech acts. The third section deals with the case of a polite promise. The fourth section presents a refutation of Searle’s claim to recognize an insincere promise as a promise and a speech act. In the last section, I conclude that for the ‘normal’ speech act of promising, the requirement of the sincerity condition ‘S intends to do A’ is necessary; otherwise it is not a promise at all, and thus the Searlean insincere promise is not a speech act.

scholarly journals Speech Acts in GEICO’s Short Stories and Nursery Rhymes Advertisements

K ta Kita ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Ivana Tehuayo
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Nursery Rhyme ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
The Right

In this study, the writer analysed the visual and the verbal data from four of GEICO’s 2010 advertisement campaign using speech acts theories. The illocutionary acts that are found in the advertisements are representatives (16), followed by expressives (4), and directives (4). Through the speech acts types and the visuals, GEICO wants to persuade the audiences to emotionally believe in their company and hopefully use their insurance service. From this study, the writer wants to say that through constructing and formulating the right words in literary works adaptation, one can create a powerful promotion tool that will persuade the audiences to do some beneficial future actions for the speaker. Key words: Speech act, nursery rhyme, short story, advertisement, persuasion, emotional connection.

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