scholarly journals Tolerance of Three Ornamental Plant Species to Chromium contamination in Soil and their Potential for Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization of the Toxic Metal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-398
Author(s):  
Gayatri Sehrawat ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Anubha Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Chromium is a reactive and toxic heavy metal that enters the soil through various anthropogenic activities and moves through food chain affecting adversely the higher trophic levels including humans. While engineering techniques to remediate metal contaminated sites are costly and energy intensive, phytoremediation with suitable plant species is a low cost, easy and eco-friendly technique, which uses solar energy in the process. Using suitable non-edible plants makes the process of remediation safe and sustainable. The present study was therefore, carried out to study growth, Cr tolerance and phytoremediation potential of three ornamental plant species Sansevieria trifasciata, Canna indica (L) and Nephrolepis exaltata (L) for removal of chromium from soil. Pot culture experiments were conducted in greenhouse using soils artificially spiked with chromium (Cr250, Cr500, Cr750 mg/kg soil). Tolerance to different concentrations of Cr varied with the plant species as reflected by the trends and magnitude of change in aboveground and belowground biomass. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid were quite tolerant at Cr250 for all the species, and up to Cr500 for Sansevieria. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed elevated activity in aboveground parts at Cr250, while catalase (CAT) activity declined in response to the metal. All the three species showed significant accumulation of Cr, and more so in the belowground parts. Total Cr phytoextraction was the highest in N. exaltata, followed by C. indica and S. trifasciata. In all the three species, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was >1, indicating the suitability of these species for phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation

2017 ◽  
pp. 705-741
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Gautam ◽  
Shivani Soni ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is proving to be of critical concern as the heavy metals affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances. This poses a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. Hence, there is a need to treat the wastewater containing toxic metals before they are discharged into the water bodies. During recent years, magnetic nanoparticles came to the foreground of scientific interest as a potential adsorbent of novel wastewater treatment processes. Magnetic nanoparticles have received much attention due to their unique properties, such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, multi functionality, excellent magnetic properties, low-cost synthesis, and great biocompatibility. The multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully applied for the reduction of toxic metal ions up to ppb level in waste-treated water. This chapter highlights the potential application of magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation

2015 ◽  
pp. 518-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar Gautam ◽  
Shivani Soni ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Water pollution by anthropogenic activities is proving to be of critical concern as the heavy metals affect aquatic organisms and can quickly disperse to large distances. This poses a risk to both human health and the aquatic biota. Hence, there is a need to treat the wastewater containing toxic metals before they are discharged into the water bodies. During recent years, magnetic nanoparticles came to the foreground of scientific interest as a potential adsorbent of novel wastewater treatment processes. Magnetic nanoparticles have received much attention due to their unique properties, such as extremely small size, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, multi functionality, excellent magnetic properties, low-cost synthesis, and great biocompatibility. The multi-functional magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully applied for the reduction of toxic metal ions up to ppb level in waste-treated water. This chapter highlights the potential application of magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Bhadkariya ◽  
VK Jain ◽  
GPS Chak ◽  
SK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Living Organisms

Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea. The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237

scholarly journals Potential of Grasses in Phytolith Production in Soils Contaminated with Cadmium

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Lauana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Christofaro Silva ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Grass Growth

Cadmium (Cd) is a very toxic heavy metal occurring in places with anthropogenic activities, making it one of the most important environmental pollutants. Phytoremediation plants are used for recovery of metal-contaminated soils by their ability to absorb and tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of grasses in phytolith production in soils contaminated with Cd. The experiments, separated by soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment, Xanthic Hapludox and Rhodic Hapludox), were conducted in a completely randomized design with a distribution of treatments in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors were three grasses (Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa brizantha and Megathyrsus maximus) and four concentrations of Cd applied in soils (0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg−1). Grass growth decreased and increased Cd concentration in shoots of grasses with the increased Cd rates in soils. The toxic effect of Cd resulted in production and Cd occlusion in phytoliths produced in shoots of the grasses. Grasses showed potential for phytolith production, independent of soil type, providing phytoextraction of Cd in phytoliths. Megathyrsus maximus was the grass with the highest tolerance to Cd, evidenced by higher production and Cd capture in phytoliths for the evaluated soils. Phytolith production by grasses in Cd-contaminated soils is related to genetic and physiological differences of the evaluated grasses and Cd availability in soils.

scholarly journals MEKANISME FISIOLOGIS TUMBUHAN HIPERAKUMULATOR LOGAM BERAT = Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulator Plant Physiology Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuril Hidayanti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Metal Hyperaccumulation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plants ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
Distance Transport

One approach to remediate toxic metal pollutants is phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants. These plant species are able to accumulate high concentrations of metal ions without suffering fromyield reduction as a result of metal toxicity. Physiological studies showed that metal hyperaccumulation in particular plant species is regulated by multiple pathways and genes controlling metal uptake,accumulation, and tolerance. Currently, research and development on hyperaccumulator plants are progressing in at least seven focus areas: (1) Improving plant root system for higher penetration capacity and more efficient pollutant extraction from heterogeneous contaminated soils, (2) Altering plant’s rhizosphere for secreting various enzymes to enhance extraction, (3) Improving short distance transport systems for nutrients and toxic elements in roots (4) Enhancing mobility of metalsfrom roots up to shoots. (5) Improving long-distance transport of metals, (6) Maximizing capacity of physical sinks such as subcellular vacuoles and epidermal cells and (7) hypertolerance mechanismsto resist the cytotoxic effects of the accumulated metals. Current trends in phytoremediation research are focus at genetic and molecular level. Research objectives in this area include: understanding bio-pathways involved in contaminant degradation and sequestration, identifying specific genes involved in phytoremediation processes, investigating cell signaling pathways that affect genetic expression of plant enzymes, analyzing and identifying root exudates components and chemical fingerprinting to assess phytoremediation effects at specific sites. Keywords: hyperaccumulator, phytoextraction, phytoremediation, heavy metalsAbstrakSalah satu pendekatan untuk memulihkan polutan logam beracun adalah phytoextraction menggunakan tanaman hiperakumulator . Jenis tanaman ini mampu mengakumulasi konsentrasitinggi ion logam tanpa mengalami penurunan hasil akibat keracunan logam. Studi fisiologis menunjukkan bahwa hyperaccumulator logam dalam spesies tanaman tertentu diatur oleh beberapajalur dan gen mengendalikan serapan, akumulasi , dan toleransi logam. Saat ini, penelitian dan pengembangan tanaman hiperakumulator mengalami kemajuan dalam setidaknya tujuh bidangfokus: (1) Meningkatkan sistem perakaran tanaman untuk kapasitas penetrasi yang lebih tinggi dan ekstraksi polutan lebih efisien dari tanah yang terkontaminasi, (2) Mengubah rizosfir tanaman untukmengekstrak berbagai enzim guna meningkatkan ekstraksi, (3) Meningkatkan sistem transportasi jarak pendek untuk nutrisi dan unsur-unsur beracun dalam akar, (4) Meningkatkan mobilitas logamdari akar hingga pucuk, (5) Meningkatkan transportasi jarak jauh dari logam, (6) Memaksimalkan kapasitas tenggelam fisik seperti vakuola subselular, sel-sel epidermis, dan (7) Mekanisme hypertolerance untuk melawan efek sitotoksik dari logam akumulasi . Saat ini kecenderungan dalam penelitian fitoremediasi adalah fokus pada tingkat genetik dan molekuler. Tujuan penelitian di bidangini meliputi: pemahaman bio - jalur yang terlibat dalam degradasi kontaminan dan penyerapan , mengidentifikasi gen tertentu yang terlibat dalam proses fitoremediasi , menyelidiki jalur sinyal selyang mempengaruhi ekspresi genetik dari enzim tanaman , menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi eksudat akar komponen dan sidik jari kimia untuk menilai fitoremediasi efek pada situs tertentuKata Kunci: hiperakumulator, phytoextraction, fitoremediasi, logam berat

scholarly journals Phytoremediation technology, plant response to environmental contaminants and the need for soil augmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-499
Author(s):  
Ojo M. OSENI ◽  
Omotola E. DADA ◽  
Gideon O. OKUNLOLA ◽  
Ezekiel D. OLOWOLAJU ◽  
Michael S. AKINROPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Living Organisms

Contaminants in the environment occur naturally and/or through anthropogenic activities. These contaminants become a threat to all living organisms because of their increased in the environment and non-biodegradable nature. In order to protect the environment from these contamination, various techniques have been developed, and among them is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a technology that employed plant species for reclaiming contaminated soil, air, and water. This technology has been widely accepted in recent times, because of its low cost and environmentally friendly. In addition, augmentation of the contaminated soil, either chemo augmentation or bioaugmentation, have been used for the effective absorption of some of these contaminants. When the plants are grown in the contaminated sites, the contaminant in the soil maybe removed, immobilized, degraded or volatized. These phytoremediation technologies are: phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phyto-stimulation, phyto-stabilization and phytodegradation. Based on the phytoremediation potentials of plants, pollutants are being removed from the environment thereby keeping the environment safe. 

scholarly journals Native Plant Capacity for Gentle Remediation in Heavily Polluted Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
María Noelia Jiménez ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Navarro ◽  
Mauro Casti ◽  
Emilia Fernández-Ondoño
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Dittrichia Viscosa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius ◽  
Plant Capacity

The use of plant species to stabilize and accumulate trace elements in contaminated soils is considered of great usefulness given the difficulty of decontaminating large areas subjected to mining for long periods. In this work, the bioaccumulation of trace elements is studied by relating the concentrations in leaves and roots of three plants of Mediterranean distribution (Dittrichia viscosa, Cistus salviifolius, Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii) with the concentrations of trace elements in contaminated and uncontaminated soils. Furthermore, in the case of D. viscosa, to know the concentration of each element by biomass, the pool of trace elements was determined both in the aerial part and in the roots. The bioaccumulation factor was not high enough in any of the species studied to be considered as phytoextractors. However, species like the ones studied in this work that live on soils with a wide range of concentration of trace elements and that develop a considerable biomass could be considered for stabilization of contaminated soils. The plant species studied in this work are good candidates for gentle-remediation options in the polluted Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Metal(loid) speciation and transformation by aerobic methanotrophs

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan ◽  
Thomas J. Smith ◽  
Shamsudeen Umar Dandare ◽  
Kamaludeen Sara Parwin ◽  
Heetasmin Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Web Interactions ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Aerobic Methanotrophs ◽  
Long Term Impact

AbstractManufacturing and resource industries are the key drivers for economic growth with a huge environmental cost (e.g. discharge of industrial effluents and post-mining substrates). Pollutants from waste streams, either organic or inorganic (e.g. heavy metals), are prone to interact with their physical environment that not only affects the ecosystem health but also the livelihood of local communities. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals or trace metals (e.g. chromium, mercury) are non-biodegradable, bioaccumulate through food-web interactions and are likely to have a long-term impact on ecosystem health. Microorganisms provide varied ecosystem services including climate regulation, purification of groundwater, rehabilitation of contaminated sites by detoxifying pollutants. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of methanotrophs, a group of bacteria that can use methane as a sole carbon and energy source, to transform toxic metal (loids) such as chromium, mercury and selenium. In this review, we synthesise recent advances in the role of essential metals (e.g. copper) for methanotroph activity, uptake mechanisms alongside their potential to transform toxic heavy metal (loids). Case studies are presented on chromium, selenium and mercury pollution from the tanneries, coal burning and artisanal gold mining, respectively, which are particular problems in the developing economy that we propose may be suitable for remediation by methanotrophs.

Highly sensitive detection of Cr(vi) in groundwater by bimetallic NiFe nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Liu ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
Lifei Ji ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Fengchun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants in groundwater, and thus the detection of Cr(vi) with high sensitivity, accuracy, and simplicity and low cost is of great importance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document