scholarly journals Environmental and economic analysis of bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses and agave juice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Parascanu ◽  
Nestor Sanchez ◽  
Fabiola Sandoval-Salas ◽  
Carlos Mendez Carreto ◽  
Gabriela Soreanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Agave Juice ◽  
Lca Results

AbstractIn this article, sugarcane molasses and agave juice were compared as potential feedstocks for producing bioethanol in Mexico in terms of their environmental impact and economic factors. Life cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro was carried out to calculate environmental impacts by using a cradle-to-gate approach. A preliminary economic analysis was performed to determine the economic feasibility of the studied options. Also, capital goods costs were obtained using the Aspen Plus economy package. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was involved to compare the environmental and economic viability of producing bioethanol from sugarcane molasses and agave juice. LCA results revealed that cultivation and fermentation were the most harmful stages when producing bioethanol from sugarcane molasses and agave juice, respectively. Furthermore, when it was derived from agave juice rather than sugarcane molasses, it had more environmental benefits. This was ascribed to the lower consumption rate of fertilizers, pesticides, and emissions given off from the former. Regarding financial aspects, the preliminary analysis showed that producing bioethanol was not economically viable when grid energy alone was used. However, if power from the grid is partially replaced with renewable energy, producing bioethanol becomes economically feasible, and sugarcane molasses is the most suitable feedstock. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Impact and Economic Viability of Domestic Biogas Plant Technology in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Suraya Akter ◽  
Humayun Kabir ◽  
Shamima Akhter ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Biogas Technology

The study investigated the distinct environmental impacts and economic viability of domestic biogas technology in the countryside of Bangladesh. The study was carried out by a survey through personal interviews with biogas users. Seventy households were selected purposively and interviews were conducted through semi-structured questionnaires. The study mainly highlighted the potential reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and economic benefits of biogas utilization which were evaluated considering the substitution of traditional biomass fuels, by saving Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and cost of chemical fertilizer, and carbon trading. The economic benefits are addressed using some well-known economic indicators like Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PBP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The results of the study revealed that a small-scale household anaerobic cow dung biogas digester not only exhibited the potential to cut carbon emissions on average by about 7.8 tons of CO2 equivalents yearly, but it also demonstrated the economic feasibility of doing so as the value of NPV and BCR was positive. This study recommends that the government approach, awareness program, and continuous and proper performing of the biogas technology are needed to intensify the multiples environmental benefits of the technology.

scholarly journals Economic Viability of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization in Jambu Production in Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
William Lee Carrera de Aviz ◽  
Joaquim Alves de Lima Junior ◽  
Helane Cristina Aguiar Santos ◽  
Deiviane De Souza Barral ◽  
Valdeides Marques Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
A Site

This work aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of the irrigation system by dripping and nitrogen fertilization in jambu production. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Igarapé-Açu, a site owned by UFRA, in protected cultivation, from May to July in 2016. The treatments consisted in four soil water tensions (12, 18, 24 and 30 kPa) and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1). The economic analysis of the jambu irrigated production was sustained by the theory of producing costs considering both depreciation cost and alternative cost. The treatment with the highest profit was managed at 18 kPa with a nitrogen dose of 50 kg ha-1, with a profit of R$ 1,548.54 for an area of 1,000 m.². The drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilization were economically viable for the jambu crop.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN EKONOMI USAHATANI JAGUNG DENGAN KOMBINASI APLIKASI BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK KALIUM

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asnah Asnah ◽  
Widowati Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Factors Of Production

<p>The limited factors to achievement of farming success is the ability of<br />farmers to finance farming. Factros of cost is often limited factor/budget constrain<br />because availability costs affect the ability of farmer to provision of the required<br />factors of production farming. This research aims to study economic viability of maize<br />farming with a combination of biochar application and potash fertilizers.<br />Experiments conducted on the use of biochar soil organic waste inceptisol 30 t ha-1.<br />The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by economic analysis of farming. The<br />results showed the combination of biochar application and potash fertilizers ¼ dose of<br />recommendations (treatment BK ¼) economically feasible to develop the farmers in<br />term of production (7.02 t ha-1), revenue Rp 19.305.000 ha-1, income Rp 8.663.000<br />ha-1, economic feasibility (R/C) 1.8 and the value of labor productivity of Rp<br />48.166/HKO.</p><p> </p><p>Faktor yang sering menjadi kendala dalam pencapaian keberhasilan<br />usahatani adalah kemampuan petani dalam membiayai usahatani. Faktor biaya sering<br />menjadi faktor pembatas (limited factor/budget constrain) dikarenakan ketersediaan<br />biaya mempengaruhi kemampuan petani dalam penyediaan faktor produksi yang<br />dibutuhkan dalam usahatani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelayakan<br />ekonomi usahatani jagung dengan kombinasi aplikasi biochar dan pupuk kalium.<br />Percobaan dilakukan pada tanah Inceptisol menggunakan biochar sampah organik 30 t<br />ha-1. Data yang dikumpulkan ditabulasi dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis<br />ekonomi usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi aplikasi biochar dan<br />pupuk kalium ¼ dosis rekomendasi (perlakuan BK ¼) secara ekonomis layak untuk<br />dikembangkan petani ditinjau dari produksi (7.02 t ha-1), nilai jual (penerimaan) Rp<br />19.305.000 ha-1, pendapatan Rp 8.663.000 ha-1, kelayakan ekonomi (R/C) 1.8 dan nilai<br />produktivitas tenaga kerja sebesar Rp 48.166/HKO.</p>

scholarly journals Solar Integrated Anaerobic Digester: Energy Savings and Economics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4292
Author(s):  
Lidia Lombardi ◽  
Barbara Mendecka ◽  
Simone Fabrizi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Integration

Industrial anaerobic digestion requires low temperature thermal energy to heat the feedstock and maintain temperature conditions inside the reactor. In some cases, the thermal requirements are satisfied by burning part of the produced biogas in devoted boilers. However, part of the biogas can be saved by integrating thermal solar energy into the anaerobic digestion plant. We study the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in biowaste mesophilic/thermophilic anaerobic digestion, with the aim of reducing the amount of biogas burnt for internal heating and increasing the amount of biogas, further upgraded to biomethane and injected into the natural gas grid. With respect to previously available studies that evaluated the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in anaerobic digestion, we introduce the topic of economic sustainability by performing a preliminary and simplified economic analysis of the solar system, based only on the additional costs/revenues. The case of Italian economic incentives for biomethane injection into the natural gas grid—that are particularly favourable—is considered as reference case. The amount of saved biogas/biomethane, on an annual basis, is about 4–55% of the heat required by the gas boiler in the base case, without solar integration, depending on the different considered variables (mesophilic/thermophilic, solar field area, storage time, latitude, type of collector). Results of the economic analysis show that the economic sustainability can be reached only for some of the analysed conditions, using the less expensive collector, even if its efficiency allows lower biomethane savings. Future reduction of solar collector costs might improve the economic feasibility. However, when the payback time is calculated, excluding the Italian incentives and considering selling the biomethane at the natural gas price, its value is always higher than 10 years. Therefore, incentives mechanism is of great importance to support the economic sustainability of solar integration in biowaste anaerobic digestion producing biomethane.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Study of Northern Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Md. Tawhidul Islam ◽  
Md. Elias Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Service Model ◽  
The Government

Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. With a total population of around 165 million, the country has constantly been facing food security challenges and other problems. Therefore, increasing food production is one of the feasible solutions to this challenge, and proper agricultural land use for food production bears critical importance. Adopting sustainable irrigation systems and viable technologies would be vital for ensuring efficient use of agricultural land in Bangladesh to safeguard the country's food security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) can be a reliable option in this regard. However, Bangladesh has experienced a prolonged growth rate of SIP installation in the last decade.  The countryhas set a target to install 10000 SIPs by the year 2027, albeit it is a tiny share of the 1.57 million conventional irrigation pumps operating in the country. This study aims to investigate the economic feasibility of the SIPs operating in the northern region of Bangladesh in terms of estimating financial feasibility and environmental benefits. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from the users of SIPs from two Upazilas of Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. A total of 14 SIPs, categorized into large, medium, and small pumps, are selected randomly from the available SIPs in the study areas. The financial analysis reveals that small SIPs are the most profitable option (20% IRR) for investment. Large SIPs are moderately profitable (10% IRR), and their profitability can be improved (10.50% IRR) by introducing additional uses of solar energy. However, medium SIPs are the worst (5% IRR) option for investment. In the study areas, large and medium SIPs are designed for the 'fees for service model', and small SIPs are designed for the 'fees for ownership model'. It is found that the 'fees for ownership model' is more profitable than the 'fees for service model'. Moreover, the net environmental benefit for all SIPs is found almost equal to the given subsidy for installing them. Also, the net environmental benefit per kilowatt peak (kWp) is highest for the small SIPs. This paper recommends that additional use (e.g., husking, grinding, supply excess electricity to grid, and so on) of solar energy can improve the profitability of investmenton SIPs. Further, the government should continue giving grants for installing SIPs and promote 'fees for ownership model' (small SIPs) for personal use. It would speed up the dissemination rate of SIPs and help increase the country's agricultural production and improve the environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Multi-Band Heterogeneous Wireless Network Architecture for Industrial Automation: A Techno-Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koushik Araseethota Manjunatha ◽  
Vivek Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Network ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Multi Band

Abstract To attain automation across different applications, industries are beginning to leverage advancements in wireless communication technologies. A "one-size-fits-all" solution cannot be applied since wireless technologies are selected according to application needs, quality of service requirements, and economic restrictions. To balance the trade-off between technical and economic requirements, a multi-band heterogeneous wireless network architecture is presented and discussed in this paper. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and distributed antenna system (DAS) with Long Term Evolution (LTE) are considered as the backbone for the multi-band heterogeneous network into which other wireless technologies can be integrated. The technical and economic feasibility of the network are evaluated through a techno-economic analysis (TEA). The economic feasibility of the proposed network is measured in terms of net present value while the technical feasibility is measured in terms of network throughput and latency. Finally, network performance for DAS with LTE and WLAN are verified using an NS3 simulator for machine-to-machine, real-time video, and high-definition video data transmissions. The TEA analysis showed that the number of DAS units required to achieve technical feasibility is less than WLAN units, but the overall cost of DAS units are higher compared to WLAN units, even without taking into consideration industrial, scientific, and medical band technologies.

scholarly journals Prospects of applying 3-D printing to economics of remote communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Obydenkova ◽  
Nicholas C. Anzalone ◽  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Reindeer Herder

Purpose Isolated communities face a variety of inconveniences including severe remoteness, poor roads and extreme climate conditions, resulting in the lack of security of supply chains and exorbitant prices for cargo delivery. This paper aims to investigate the present advantages and prospects of applying 3-D printing to improve economics and everyday life of remote communities, reindeer herder case taken as an example. Design/methodology/approach This study covers the use of a low-cost open-source 3-D printer (RepRap) capable of fused filament fabrication to reduce operating costs for nomadic reindeer herder groups. Three case studies are provided for reindeer-specific applications to probe economic and technical viability of the technology, namely, ear-tags, electric fence components and lasso accessories. Findings 3-D printed objects feature technical characteristics similar to those of analogues available on the market while reducing the price by 63 per cent. Distributed 3-D printing reduces the cost of raw materials by 68 per cent and shipping costs by 50 because of lower trip frequency. If all reindeer herders globally were to adopt distributed manufacturing of the three aforementioned sample items only, their annual savings from such solution would amount to US$2m. The paper discovers other economic, entrepreneurial, technical and environmental opportunities offered by 3-D printing put to service the needs of remote communities. Research limitations As the paper is the first-ever study of 3-D printing potential applied to the reindeer husbandry case, it is based on a more thorough analysis of the techno-economic feasibility of the technology, while cultural and entrepreneurial factors have been discussed as preconditions only. Practical implications The paper might serve as a valuable source of information for entrepreneurs, as well as for students and academics for further case studies in this area. Originality/value In remote conditions, 3-D printing offers a more sustainable way of good manufacturing. Numerous open source designs already available for specialists, financial effectiveness, environmental benefits and vast opportunities for entrepreneurs are among the most promising advantages of the technology.

scholarly journals VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL EM DOIS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Taglialegna Salles ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Camila Soares Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de carvão vegetal em dois sistemas produtivos: oito fornos de superfície acoplados a uma fornalha para queima de gases e dez fornos do tipo “rabo-quente” sem sistema de queima de gases. Para análise econômica, definiu-se uma produção anual média igual a 1.571 metros cúbicos de carvão (mdc) e horizonte de planejamento de 12 anos, sendo propostos 2 cenários. No primeiro cenário, após a colheita da madeira, realiza-se o plantio de uma nova floresta, permanecendo o custo da madeira constante em todo o planejamento; no segundo cenário, após a colheita, considerou-se a condução da brotação, reduzindo os custos na 2ª rotação e consequentemente os custos da madeira. A análise econômica foi realizada através da determinação dos seguintes indicadores: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Lucratividade. Os indicadores calculados demonstraram a viabilidade dos dois sistemas produtivos avaliados em ambos os cenários propostos, porém o sistema fornos-fornalha apresentou melhores valores para os indicadores. Conclui-se que a produção de carvão vegetal nos sistemas avaliados foram viáveis economicamente, com o sistema fornos-fornalha gerando maior lucro ao produtor de carvão.Palavras-chave: Fornos de alvenaria; análise determinística; valor presente líquido. Abstract Economic viability of charcoal production in two production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of charcoal production in two conversion technologies: eight surface kilns coupled to a furnace for burning gases (kilns-furnace system) and ten "rabo-quente" or traditional charcoal kilns without burning gases system. An average annual production of 1571 cubic meters of charcoal (mdc) was used to perform the economic analysis. A planning horizon of 12 years and two scenarios were proposed. In the first scenario, after harvesting the wood, the planting of a new forest was performed, and the cost of wood remained constant throughout the planning horizon. In the second scenario, after the harvest, the conduction of shooting was considered, which reduced costs in the second rotation and consequently the cost of wood. The economic analysis was performed by determining the following indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit - Cost Reason (B/C). Calculated indicators demonstrated the viability of producing charcoal in the two production systems in both scenarios proposed, but kilns-furnace system presented better values. As conclusion, production of charcoal in the evaluated systems were economically viable. Kilns-furnace system was able to generate more profit to charcoal producer.Keywords: Kilns; deterministic analysis; net present value.

scholarly journals Removal of Basic Brown 16 from Aqueous Solution Using Durian Shell Adsorbent, Optimisation and Techno-Economic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8928
Author(s):  
Yashni Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
Marlinda Abdul Malek ◽  
Mawar Marisa Azlan ◽  
Mohammed Al-Sahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Durio Zibethinus

Azo dyes including C. I. Basic Brown 16 (BB16) are one of the coloured organic compounds that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The current work aims to optimise the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution using durian (Durio zibethinus murray) shell as a low-cost green adsorbent. Durian shell was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimised with response surface methodology (RSM) based on pH (4–8), time (30–240 min), durian shell dosage (0.1–1.0 g/L) and initial concentration of C.I BB16 (10–20 ppm). The removal efficiency was determined based on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the decolourisation of C.I BB16. The techno-economic analysis was described in the current work to know the economic feasibility of durian shells as an adsorbent. The SEM images showed that durian shell adsorbent has a smooth surface with no pores. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of -C-O, =C–H, C=C, -C-O-C and O-H bonds in durian shell. Maximum decolourisation (77.6%) and COD removal (80.6%) for C.I BB16 was achieved with the interaction between pH, time and adsorbent dose and initial concentration of C.I BB16. The optimal operating factors for adsorption of C.I BB16 recorded at pH 8, time (30 min), durian shell dosage (1 g/L) and 15 mg /L of C.I BB16 concentrations were 77.61 vs. 74.26 (%) of C.I BB16 removal and 80.60 vs. 78.72 (%) of COD removal with an R2 coefficient of 0.94 at p < 0.05. The specific cost of durian shell coagulant production is USD 172.71 per ton which is lower than the market price of honeydew peels-activated carbon (HDP-AC) (USD 261.81) and the commercial market price of activated carbon which is USD 1000.00/tons. These findings indicated that the durian adsorbent provides alternative methods for treating hair dye wastewater. These findings indicated that durian shells have a high potential for the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Pathways to economic viability: a pilot scale and techno-economic assessment for algal bioremediation of challenging waste streams

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3400-3414
Author(s):  
Hannah Leflay ◽  
Katarzyna Okurowska ◽  
Jagroop Pandhal ◽  
Solomon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Waste Streams

A microalgal–bacterial consortium was used for pilot scale bioremediation of landfill leachate. A techno-economic analysis was conducted using experimental results to provide a pathway for economic viability.

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