scholarly journals Removal of Basic Brown 16 from Aqueous Solution Using Durian Shell Adsorbent, Optimisation and Techno-Economic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8928
Author(s):  
Yashni Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
Marlinda Abdul Malek ◽  
Mawar Marisa Azlan ◽  
Mohammed Al-Sahari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Durio Zibethinus

Azo dyes including C. I. Basic Brown 16 (BB16) are one of the coloured organic compounds that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The current work aims to optimise the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution using durian (Durio zibethinus murray) shell as a low-cost green adsorbent. Durian shell was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimised with response surface methodology (RSM) based on pH (4–8), time (30–240 min), durian shell dosage (0.1–1.0 g/L) and initial concentration of C.I BB16 (10–20 ppm). The removal efficiency was determined based on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the decolourisation of C.I BB16. The techno-economic analysis was described in the current work to know the economic feasibility of durian shells as an adsorbent. The SEM images showed that durian shell adsorbent has a smooth surface with no pores. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of -C-O, =C–H, C=C, -C-O-C and O-H bonds in durian shell. Maximum decolourisation (77.6%) and COD removal (80.6%) for C.I BB16 was achieved with the interaction between pH, time and adsorbent dose and initial concentration of C.I BB16. The optimal operating factors for adsorption of C.I BB16 recorded at pH 8, time (30 min), durian shell dosage (1 g/L) and 15 mg /L of C.I BB16 concentrations were 77.61 vs. 74.26 (%) of C.I BB16 removal and 80.60 vs. 78.72 (%) of COD removal with an R2 coefficient of 0.94 at p < 0.05. The specific cost of durian shell coagulant production is USD 172.71 per ton which is lower than the market price of honeydew peels-activated carbon (HDP-AC) (USD 261.81) and the commercial market price of activated carbon which is USD 1000.00/tons. These findings indicated that the durian adsorbent provides alternative methods for treating hair dye wastewater. These findings indicated that durian shells have a high potential for the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Sustainable Durio zibethinus-Derived Biosorbents for Congo Red Removal from Aqueous Solution: Statistical Optimization, Isotherms and Mechanism Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13264
Author(s):  
A. A. Oyekanmi ◽  
Akil Ahmad ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar ◽  
Mohammed B. Alshammari ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Biosorption Mechanism ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Operational Range

This investigation reports on the biosorption mechanism of Congo Red dyes (CR) in aqueous solution using acid-treated durian peels, prepared for this study. The biosorbent nature was characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET). The effect of process parameters within operational range of pH (2–9), contact time (10–200 min), initial concentration (25–400 mg g−1) and temperature (25–65 °C) for the optimum removal of CR dyes was investigated using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM), and revealed that the optimum condition of biosorption was achieved around a pH of 5.5, contact time of 105 min at initial concentration of 212.5 mg L−1 within 45 °C temperature, which corresponds to 95.2% percent removal of CR. The experimental data fitted better to the second order polynomial model, with a correlation coefficient R2 value of 0.9917 and the Langmuir isotherm model with biosorption capacity of 107.52 mg g−1. Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption of CR dyes was spontaneous. The mechanism of the adsorption of CR dyes revealed that the biosorption of CR dyes investigated under different operational conditions show that under acidic pH, the adsorption efficiency of the acid treated durian peels is enhanced for the adsorption of CR dye molecules.

scholarly journals Phenol removal from aqueous solution using silica and activated carbon derived from rice husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosseinali Asgharnia ◽  
Hamidreza Nasehinia ◽  
Roohollah Rostami ◽  
Marziah Rahmani ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Mehdinia
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract Phenol and its derivatives are organic pollutants with dangerous effects, such as poisoning, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity in humans and other organisms. In this study, the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption on silica and activated carbon of rice husk was investigated. In this regard, the effects of initial concentration of phenol, pH, dosage of the adsorbents, and contact time on the adsorption of phenol were investigated. The results showed that the maximum removal of phenol by rice husk silica (RHS) and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) in the initial concentration of 1 mgL−1 phenol, 2 gL−1 adsorbent mass, 120 min contact time, and pH 5 (RHS) or pH 6 (RHAC) were obtained up to 91% and 97.88%, respectively. A significant correlation was also detected between increasing contact times and phenol removal for both adsorbents (p &lt; 0.01). The adsorption process for both of the adsorbents was also more compatible with the Langmuir isotherm. The results of this study showed that RHS and RHAC can be considered as natural and inexpensive adsorbents for water treatment.

Artificial neural network (ANN) approach for prediction and modeling of breakthrough curve analysis of fixed-bed adsorption of iron ions from aqueous solution by activated carbon from Limonia acidissima shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Das ◽  
Susmita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

Abstract The present research article explored the potential of activated carbon prepared from Limonia acidissima shell to adsorb total Fe ions from aqueous solution in a packed bed up-flow column. The effect of essential factors such as bed height (3–5 cm), initial concentration (30–50 mg/L), and flow rate (3.32–5.4 mL/min) on the performance of the column bed was investigated. The adsorption capacity augmented with an increase in bed height and initial adsorbate concentration but declined with an increase in flow rate. The maximum uptake capacity of 209.6 mg/g was achieved at 5 cm bed height, 3.32 mL/min, and 50 mg/L initial concentration. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was used to analyze the experimental data and determine the characteristic parameters of the packed bed reactor suitable for designing large-scale column studies. The Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to the experimental data to predict breakthrough curves using non-linear regression. The artificial neural network (ANN) based model was able to efficaciously predict the column performance using the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. A comparison between the experimental data and model results contributed to a high degree of correlation, specifying that the preliminary information was in good agreement with the ANN predicted data.

scholarly journals Adsorption Capabilities of Activated Carbon Derived from Detarium microcarpum Seeds in Removing Co2+ and Pb2+ from Wastewater

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Ishaq Yahaya Lawan ◽  
Shinggu D. Yamta ◽  
Abdurrahman Hudu ◽  
Kolo Alhaji Madu ◽  
Adamu Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Percentage Removal

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metals (Pb and Co) removal from solution using Detarium microcarpum seeds as adsorbent. The effect of initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process of these metals were studied, the percentage removal of these metals increased with increased in weight (0.5 -2.5g) in 50ml of the solution and the adsorption efficiency increased with increasing initial metal ion concentration (0.01-0.05 moldm−3). The percentage removal obtained for Lead and Cobalt were compared. The result of adsorption were fitted to Langmuir models and coefficients indicated favorable adsorption of Pb2+ and Co2+ ions on the adsorbents. The adsorption of Pb2+ and Co2+ in aqueous solution was in the following order (1400µm>420µm>150µm). More than 55.4% of studied Lead cations were removed by 1400µm, 47.2% by 420µm and 29.8% by 150µm. While for Cobalt cations only 53.2% by 1400µm, 38.6% by 420µm and 24% by 150µm respectively, from aqueous solution it was concluded that, activated Carbon derived from Detarium microcarpum seed is good in removing both lead and cobalt ions, which make it good absorbent.

scholarly journals Experimental and computational studies on activated Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) hulls for the adsorptive removal of herbicides from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Aondofa Nyijime ◽  
Abdullahi Muhammad Ayuba ◽  
Habibat Faith Chahul
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Abstract Background The excessive usage of herbicides to control herbs by farmers has become an issue of interest to the environmentalist due to the threat posed by such act to the ecosystem, and therefore, there is the need to curb such practices. The efficiency of Bambara groundnut shell for the removal of pendimethalin (PE) and paraquat dichloride (PQ) herbicides from aqueous solution was established in this work. The activated carbon was prepared via chemical activation method using trioxonitrate (v) acid by determining its void volume, moisture content, bulk density and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Batch adsorption techniques were set to optimize the adsorption parameters such as solution pH, adsorbate concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature in order to depict the best optimal conditions for the adsorption process. The adsorption process was examined in terms of its equilibrium data, kinetics, thermodynamics involved in the adsorption process as well as computational quantum chemical parameters evaluation. Results The batch adsorption experiments revealed that the amounts of PE and PQ adsorbed were found to vary with the contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration. The adsorption of PE and PQ decreased with increasing adsorbent dose but increases with increasing initial concentration of the PE and PQ solution. Isotherm studies revealed that the equilibrium data fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich model with R-squared values of 0.976, 0.993 and 0.909, 0.978 for PE and PQ, respectively, which implied that Langmuir isotherm had a better fit. This was also found to be an indication that the uptake of PE and PQ by ACBGNS occurred through monolayer adsorption on identical homogenous sites. Also, kinetic modeling results obtained showed that the pseudo-second-order model explained the adsorption kinetics of PE and PQ by ACBGNS best, which meant that chemisorption was the slowest step and, thus, the rate determining step. The positive value of ΔH and the positive value of ΔG show the endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption of PE and PQ ACBGNS. Conclusion Batch adsorption experiment and characterization of the ACBGNS have indicated that Bambara ground nut shell can be used to produce activated carbon that can be applied effectively for adsorption of PE and PQ from an aqueous solution. Computational studies results obtained from quantum chemical analysis are consistent with the experimental results obtained from this study.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Rhodamine-B from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon from Almond Shell

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Abdolrahimi ◽  
Azadeh Tadjarodi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The activated carbon was prepared from an almond shell, which is chemically activated by H2SO4. In the present study, the adsorption of rhodamine-B from water by activated carbon has been investigated and compared. The effect of pH value, initial concentration of dissolved and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption of rhodamine-B by the mentioned adsorbents were investigated. Results showed that the adsorption process was highly dependent on pH. Maximum rhodamine-B removal was achieved when the final pH is 11. Maximum rhodamine-B removal efficiencies were obtained by an almond shell (70%). Adsorption test results revealed that rhodamine-B adsorption on the studied adsorbents could be better described by Langmuir isotherm.

Characteristics of Cr (VI) Adsorption in Aqueous Solution by Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1262-1266
Author(s):  
Li Xiu Peng ◽  
Qin Ai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Performance

The adsorption process of Cr (VI) in aqueous solution on activated carbon prepared by wheat straw was investigated to study the effect factors on adsorption properties. adsorption mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the adsorption performance was influenced by dosage, initial concentration and adsorption time. Adsorption reached equilibrium after 100 min at temperature 25°C. The highest removal efficiency can reach 94%. The results indicated that activated carbon as adsorbent can effectively deal with waste water containing (VI).

scholarly journals Environmental Management: Pragmatic Suitability of Low Cost Activated Carbon in Lead (II)Ion Removal by Continuous Mode of Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivarethinamohan ◽  
S. Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Saturation Time ◽  
Bed Height

Heavy metals such as chromium, lead, and arsenic are usually present in trace amounts in natural waters but many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations. An increasing quantity of heavy metals in our resources is currently an area of greater concern, especially since a large number of industries are discharging their metal containing effluents into freshwater without any adequate treatment. Activated carbons show a significant ability in removing heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution by adsorption, which has been examined by many researchers. Activated carbon derived from Manilkarazapota tree-wood (MZTWAC), which was found to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of lead ions through continuous adsorption mode, was examined in this paper. A breakthrough curve has been plotted to find the effect of initial concentration and adsorbent bed height in the adsorption of lead (II)ion through MZTWAC. The breakthrough time and the saturation time increased as the initial concentration increased from 40 mg.L-1 to 60 mg.L-1. The saturation time was in the incremental mode when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 7 cm bed thickness for 40 mg.L-1 concentration. Adams-Bohart’s model perfectly fits with this fixed-bed column in the removal of lead(II) from an aqueous solution using MZTWAC. Activated carbon derived from MZTWAC is better suited for the purpose of detoxifying metal-contaminated wastewater.

scholarly journals Process and Techno-Economic Analysis for Fuel and Chemical Production by Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bagnato ◽  
Aimaro Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Bio Oil

The catalytic hydrogenation of lignocellulosic derived bio-oil was assessed from the thermodynamic simulation perspective, in order to evaluate its economic potential for the production of added-value chemicals and drop-in fuels. A preliminary economic evaluation was first run to identify the conditions where the process is profitable, while a full economic analysis evaluated how the operating conditions affected the reaction in terms of yield. The results indicate that the bio-oil should be separated into water-soluble and insoluble fractions previous hydrogenation, since very different process conditions are required for the two portions. The maximum economic potential resulted in 38,234 MM$/y for a capacity of bio-oil processed of 10 Mt/y. In the simulated biorefinery, the insoluble bio-oil fraction (IBO) was processed to produce biofuels with a cost of 22.22 and 18.87 $/GJ for light gasoline and diesel, respectively. The water-soluble bio-oil fraction (WBO) was instead processed to produce 51.43 ton/day of chemicals, such as sorbitol, propanediol, butanediol, etc., for a value equal to the market price. The economic feasibility of the biorefinery resulted in a return of investment (ROI) of 69.18%, a pay-out time of 2.48 years and a discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) of 19.11%, considering a plant cycle life of 30 years.

Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Several Agriculture By-Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
Zi Cheng Yi ◽  
Shi Ming Luo ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Hua Shou Li ◽  
Hui Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
By Products ◽  
Agitation Time

The adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) on activated carbon prepared from several agriculture by-products via sulphuric acid-treatment were compared and the best concentration of sulphuric acid for carbonization were evaluated. It is confirmed that peanut shell is best material for the absorption of Cr(VI) ion from aqueous solution among hybrid giant napier straw, rice husk and commercial activated carbon in this study. The effects of agitation time, solution pH, temperature and Cr(VI) initial concentration on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. The 3:1 volume ratio of sulphuric acid : deionized water is the optimal concentration for Cr(VI) biosorption for peanut shell carbonization. Cr(VI) adsorption is highly dependent on solution pH. Initial solution pH =1.5 was the most favorable pH for Cr(VI) removal. Cr(VI) biosorption increases with increasing initial concentration, agitation time and solution temperature. The adsorption kinetics is found well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium data are best represented by Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of carbonized peanut shell for Cr(VI) reached 26.22 mg/g.

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