Metabolic characteristics and nutrient utilization in high-feed-efficiency pigs selected using different feed conversion ratio models

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei He ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Hang Gao ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
High Feed

Effects of Monensin on fattening performance of Sarabi male calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
K. Karkoodi ◽  
M. Zahedifar ◽  
S. A. Mirhadi ◽  
S. S. Mirghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Streptomyces Cinnamonensis ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
High Feed

Shortage of feed is the main constraint in livestock industry in Iran. High feed cost encourages the farmers to look for cheaper feeds or somehow reduce the feed conversion ratio in the farms. One of methods which may increase the feed efficiency is using of ionophores in feedlots. Monensin is a polyether ionophore produced by a strain ofStreptomyces cinnamonensisthat improves energetic efficiency of ruminal fermentation (Haney and Hoehn, 1967). There are limited studies to assess the effects of ionophores at farm conditions in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of monensin on fattening performance of Sarabi male calves. The monensin used in this experiment was supplied by Elanco Company.

scholarly journals Jejunal Transcriptomic Profiling for Differences in Feed Conversion Ratio in Slow-Growing Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2606
Author(s):  
Panpradub Sinpru ◽  
Cindy Riou ◽  
Satoshi Kubota ◽  
Chotima Poompramun ◽  
Wittawat Molee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Slow Growing

Improving feed efficiency is an important breeding target for the poultry industry; to achieve this, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis of feed efficiency. We compared the jejunal transcriptomes of low- and high-feed conversion ratio (FCR) slow-growing Korat chickens (KRs). Using an original sample of 75 isolated 10-week-old KR males, we took jejunal samples from six individuals in two groups: those with extremely low FCR (n = 3; FCR = 1.93 ± 0.05) and those with extremely high FCR (n = 3; FCR = 3.29 ± 0.06). Jejunal transcriptome profiling via RNA sequencing revealed 56 genes that were differentially expressed (p < 0.01, FC > 2): 31 were upregulated, and 25 were downregulated, in the low-FCR group relative to the high-FCR group. Functional annotation revealed that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in biological processes related to immune response, glutathione metabolism, vitamin transport and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and neuronal and cardiac maturation, development, and growth, suggesting that these are important mechanisms governing jejunal feed conversion. These findings provide an important molecular basis for future breeding strategies to improve slow-growing chicken feed efficiency.

The Potency of Bifidobacterium spp. as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Feed Conversion Ratio, Feed Efficiency, and Nutrient Intake in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Andreas Berny Yulianto ◽  
Anam Al Arif ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

This article describes a new idea about using Bifidobacteriumsp isolates as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, based on the ability of Bifidobacteriumsp isolates, which have the potential as a probiotic in laying hens. This study aims to prove that Bifobacteriumsp could improve production performance, including feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and nutrient intake (feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter). A total of 150 laying hens at 25 weeks of age were divided into three groups (P0: control, P1: 0.1% antibiotic growth promoters, P1: 0.05% Bifidobacterium spp. probiotic) and fed on a basal diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18% crude protein for four weeks. The different supplementation to the basal diets showed significant differences (p<0.05) on feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake among the treatments. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake were lowest in the group fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. The highest feed efficiency was obtained from the groups fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp, compared with the control and supplemented antibiotics growth promoters group. 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation to the diet of laying hens is beneficial for increasing feed efficiency and improving feed conversion ratio. The practical and theoretical significance of the results is that Bifidobacterium spp. can be used to improve production performance in laying hens.

scholarly journals Copy number variation of amylase alpha 2B gene is associated with feed efficiency traits in Large White pigs--title not given--

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Yoshidomi ◽  
Kazuaki Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Takizawa ◽  
Satoshi Nikaido ◽  
Tetsuya Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Number Variation

Copy number variation (CNV) of the AMY gene in humans has been enthusiastically studied for its association with starch digestibility and obesity. The alpha-amylase (AMY) is a major starch digestive enzyme in mammals. This study aimed to determine the association between CNV of the porcine pancreatic amylase (AMY2B) gene and feed efficiency. Improvement of feed efficiency in growing pigs is of great economic interest. We assayed the copy number of AMY2B by using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a Large White pig population. We identified three genotypes for AMY2B CNVs, namely I/I (homozygotes of haplotype I; a chromosome with one copy of AMY2B), I/II (heterozygotes of haplotype I and II; a chromosome with two copies) and II/II (homozygotes of haplotype II). We tested the genotypes of the parental generation consisting of six males, 21 females and 265 offspring piglets to validate the AMY2B CNV genotyping. With very few mistyping exceptions, copy numbers of AMY2B were transmitted to piglets in segregation ratios following Mendelian inheritance. Finally, we performed an association analysis between the CNV of the AMY2B gene and feed efficiency traits in 207 uncastrated male pigs. The generalised linear model analysis showed the significant effects of AMY2B CNV genotype on average daily feed intake, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio during growth from 30 kg to 100 kg body weight. However, it was not associated with average daily gain, backfat thickness and loin eye muscle area. Individuals with the genotype I/I had about 76.6 ± 27.1 g lower average daily feed intake, 5.35 ± 1.90 kg lower total feed intake and 0.089 8 ± 0.026 5 lower feed conversion ratio than individuals with I/II and II/II genotypes. Thus, AMY2B CNV has the potential to be an effective genetic marker that could reduce feed costs for pig farming.  

scholarly journals Results of selection for breast muscle percentage and feed conversion ratio in Pekin ducks

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pingel
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Selection For

Increasing breast muscle percentage by selection for breast layer thickness (muscle and skin) of living ducks by needle probe improves carcass quality as could be demonstrated by experiments and by applied breeding programs. In addition direct selection for individual feed conversion ratio can increase the efficiency of duck meat production. Divergent selection for feed conversion ratio from the age of 4 - 7 weeks over 11 generations has differentiated the feed efficiency by about 25 %. Causes for the reduction in feed conversion ratio are lower fat content of carcass, lower locomotor activity, higher enzymatic activity (alkaline phosphatase and creatinkinase in blood plasma) and better feed protein utilization. Because of lower feed consumption in the line selected for lower feed conversion ratio the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus via manure was reduced by about 39 and 26 %, respectively. That means, selection for better feed efficiency is not only an important economical but also an important ecological factor.

Reducing the cost of beef production through the genetic improvement of net feed efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
R.M. Herd ◽  
J.A. Archer ◽  
P.F. Arthur ◽  
E.C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Animal Production Systems

Feed is the single largest cost in most animal production systems. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is a commonly used measure of growth efficiency. Previous research has shown that FCR is moderately heritable and highly related to growth rate. While selection for FCR is beneficial to those feeding growing cattle for slaughter, any associated increase in the size of breeding females will mean this benefit will be at a cost to the calf breeder, as larger breeding cows require more feed.

scholarly journals 434 Late-Breaking: Expression of Growth hormone Gene (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-2) in metabolic tissues of pigs are affected by unconventional dietary feed sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Ufuoma G Sorhue ◽  
Ikenna Omeje ◽  
Ifeanyichukwu udeh ◽  
Adimabua M Moemeka ◽  
Raphael E Onainor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the growth performance and expression patterns of growth hormone gene and insulin-like growth factor in metabolic tissues of pigs fed different unconventional feed sources. A total of 45 growing pigs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments at 9 animals per treatment and 3 animals per replicate. Treatment one (T1) comprise of whole maize (WM) which served as the control, T2: brewers dried grain (BDG), T3: cassava peel meal (CPM), T4: plantain peel meal (PPM) and T5: corn husk meal (CHM) at 35% inclusion in the diet. Data collected and analyzed includes; initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE). At the end of the feeding trial, three animals per treatment (one animal per replicate) were slaughtered; the duodenum and liver were collected and stored using RNALater prior to RNA extraction. Real-time qPCR was performed in 40cycles using the PowerUp SYBR Green reagent and analysed using the Delta-Delta Ct method. All data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the treatment diets had effect on growth performance with significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) observed for average final weight, average total weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency while the initial weight were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05). IGF-2 was differentially expressed in the liver and duodenum across treatments while significant differences were not observed in the expression pattern of the growth hormone gene in both tissues. This study showed promise for the use of unconventional feeding stuffs in pig feeding and reveals that genes influencing performance characters are differentially expressed in relation to the source of unconventional feeds used in compounding pig diet.

Effect of supplementation of L. plantarum and L.gv based probiotic milk powder on growth performances and nutrient utilization of Charles Foster rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prity Singh ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Pandey ◽  
Vinod Kumar Paswan ◽  
Satya Prakash Yadav ◽  
Basant Kumar Bhinchhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Spray Dried

Effects of the supplementation of L. plantarum and L. casei based spray dried probiotic milk powder was investigated for growth performances, nutrient utilization and blood biochemistry including the cholesterol lowering effect in Charles Foster (CF) rats. Forty-eight male CF rats (21 day old) were divided into four groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with plane spray dried milk powder without any probiotic (control) and L. plantarum, L. casei and the mixed culture of L. plantarum and L. casei based spray dried probiotic milk powder, respectively in LP, LC and LPLC groups. Supplementation of diets with probiotic milk powder containing either the monoculture of L. plantarum or L. casei or their mixed culture improved growth, feed conversion ratio and nutrient utilization. Improved health performance was reflected in hemato-clinical chemistry including the hypocholesterolemic effect of the probiotic milk powder supplemented experimental rats. Although the improvement in growth, nutrient utilization and health of experimental rats was observed in all the three probiotic milk powder supplemented groups viz. LP, LC and LPLC; however these improvement was more in the L. plantarum or L. casei mixed culture supplemented group as compared to other two monoculture probiotic milk powder supplemented groups.

Effect of wheat type grinding, heat treatment and phytase supplementation on growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afsharmanesh ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

This experiment studied the effect of phytase and processing (heat treatment, grind size) on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets from 1 to 21 d that included hardred spring (HRS) and durum wheat with three grind sizes (470, 560, 630 µm) with or without heat treatment (oven dry at 80°C for 15 h) before supplementation with phytase (Natuphos® 0 or 600 FTU kg-1). All 24 diets contained 0.5 g Avizyme 1302 kg-1 and were formulated (80% wheat, 20% basal diet) to supply nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of broiler chicks, except for a low level of nonphytate phosphorus (P, 2.7 g kg-1). The medium ground HRS-based diet produced significantly better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weights compared with the other two grind sizes. Heat treatment significantly improved feed conversion ratio and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), protein, and P digestibility of diets. It also significantly decreased feed intake, but produced no differences in 21 d body weight. Supplementation with phytase significantly improved AME, protein, and P digestibility of test diets. The AME of diets was influenced by wheat type, processing and grind size. Phytase increased N and P digestibility. Improvements in N and P digestibility by phytase and heat treatment were dependent on wheat type and grind size.The present results suggest an advantage of both phytase and xylanase in durum- and HRS-based diets. Heat processing destroyed endogenous phytase and xylanase in wheat-based diets, and increased the levels of soluble non-starch polysaccharides. Combined phytase, heat treatment, and grind size may synergistically improve N and P digestibility. Key words: Wheat source, grind size, heat treatment, phytase, digestibility, broiler

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