scholarly journals Metallurgical and Statistical Approaches to the Study of Cast Iron Street Furniture

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1141
Author(s):  
C. Soffritti ◽  
L. Calzolari ◽  
S. Pepi ◽  
A. Fortini ◽  
M. Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Street Furniture

AbstractThe evolution of microstructure in relation to dating and nationality of origin was investigated in twenty-four cast iron objects of street furniture produced between XIX and XX centuries in United Kingdom, France, and Italy. Chemical composition of the metalworks was evaluated by glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry. Fragments from the cast irons were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Form, distribution, and size of graphite were evaluated in the microstructure according to standard EN ISO 945-1:2008. An image analysis software was employed to quantify the area fraction of graphite in the matrix, major axis, and shape factor of graphite lamellae, area fraction of manganese sulfides (ψS), area fraction of steadite, and number of eutectic cells per area unit. All data were grouped and linear discrimination analysis (LDA) was applied to assess the group assignment and the probability of correct classification for each metalwork. The results showed that the microstructural features were compatible with those of cast irons produced in the XIX and XX centuries. Values of ψS also suggested re-melting of cast irons, associated with recycling of cast iron and/or steel scraps. The high values of steadite found in the metalworks are probably due to the excellent castability required for complex shape castings in these centuries. The LDA multivariate analysis allowed to discriminate cast irons based on the year of manufacturing and the nationality of origin.

On the Prediction of Residual Magnesium and Nodularity in Ductile Iron by Thermal Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Sarum Boonmee ◽  
Kittirat Worakhut ◽  
Auttachai Utsajai ◽  
Nupol Mai-Ngam ◽  
Suphalerk Rassamipat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Spheroidal Shape ◽  
Sulfur Level

Morphology of graphite affects the mechanical and physical properties of cast irons. It is known that the spheroidal shape of graphite promotes both tensile strength and ductility. The morphology of graphite is generally quantified by the percent nodularity and/or graphite shape factors (e.g. roundness, sphericity, compactness, aspect ratio). From the quality control aspect, the nodularity is controlled by the residual magnesium content determined by the Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES). However, the nodularity is also affected by the cooling rate and the sulfur level. Therefore, the percent nodularity alone cannot be precisely predicted by the residual magnesium. In this study, the Thermal Analysis (TA) was used to predict the residual magnesium and the nodularity of ductile iron. The newly created TA demonstrated the reliable prediction as the effect of the residual magnesium, sulfur level and the cooling rate were combined in forms of cooling curves. The correlations of the residual magnesium, the Maximum Cooling Rate (MCR) and the angle of the cooling rate curve (θ) at the end of solidification were shown in this work. Finally, the relationships were used to encode in the software for the on-site prediction.

A practical approach to non-spectral interferences elimination in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Krejčová ◽  
Tomáš Černohorský ◽  
Lenka Bendakovská
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Spectral Interferences ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Matrix Concentration

AbstractMatrix effects and practical possibilities of reducing accompanying non-spectral interferences in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were studied for microconcentric Micromist, concentric and V-groove nebulizers (VGN) coupled with two cyclonic spray chambers of different sizes. The effect of a wide scale of interferents and mixtures thereof in the concentration range of up to 2 mass % (Na, Ca, Ba, La, urea) or up to 20 vol. % (nitric acid) on the analysis of Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn was investigated in terms of their analytical recovery and Mg(II) 280.27 nm/Mg(I) 285.29 nm line intensity ratio. Recoveries of ionic lines were lower than those of atomic lines (37–102 %) depending on the matrix concentration. The Mg(II)/Mg(I) ratios were found to be 12–15 and they slightly decreased as the matrix load increased. Exceptional behavior of pure La matrix, steeply lowering the recoveries and Mg(II)/Mg(I) ratios was observed. A Micromist nebulizer coupled with a small inner volume spray chamber provided the highest recoveries (94–102 %), lowest matrix effects across the matrix loads and, compared to others, the least significant dependence without worsening of the analytical characteristics (recoveries, signal background ratios and the Mg(II)/Mg(I) ratios) across the studied matrices.

scholarly journals Decarbonizing of Ductile Cast Iron Surface for Usage in Two-Layered Casting

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Rzepka ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki ◽  
Jan Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study is to verify the possibility of decarbonizing the surface of heat-resistant ductile iron GJS-XSiMo5-1 to provide a significant difference in carbon content between this material and gray cast iron ENGJL-250. In the future, this will allow to increase the diffusion of elements during the creation of the two-layered material using the casting process with materials in a liquid state and solid state. The above method was assumed to solve the problem of defects on turbocharger’s housing in an economically justified manner which occurred in some high-performance premium applications. Evaluation of decarbonized surface quality was investigated by microstructure observation (light microscopy) and alloy elements diffusion (scanning electron microscopy), and hardness measurement and the element content were checked by spark optical emission spectrometry and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, respectively.

Matrix effects in atmospheric pressure nitrogen microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Pelipasov ◽  
Evgeniya V. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
Microwave Induced Plasma ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Mip Oes

The matrix effects in MIP OES arising in the presence of elements with Eion 5.13–9.39 eV (Na, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) depending on the concentration, nebulization flow rate, and plasma power were studied.

Modelling the Thermal Conductivity of Various Cast Irons

2010 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Daniel Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Iron ◽  
Good Agreement

The thermal conductivity of five predominately pearlitic grades of lamellar, compacted and spheroidal graphite iron have been modelled by means of existing models based on average field approximations. The model is based on the area fraction of different constituents and the width to length ratio of the graphite. The thermal conductivity of graphite in cast iron is derived by inverse modelling. These data are used in combination with experimental thermal conductivity values for a pearlitic matrix in order to model the thermal conductivity of various cast iron grades with good agreement. The calculations are executed for cast iron from room temperature up to 500°C.

scholarly journals Graphite Morphology's Influence on Shot Peening Results in Cast Irons

2013 ◽  
Vol 768-769 ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Lundberg ◽  
Ru Lin Peng ◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Daniel Bäckström ◽  
Taina Vuoristo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Plastic Deformation Zone ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Graphite Inclusions

The different shot peening responds of a grey cast iron (GI) with its flake graphite and a compacted cast iron (CGI) with its vermicular graphite was analyzed and compared in this paper. For peening using identical parameters, CGI showed a larger plastic deformation zone with higher subsurface compressive stresses than GI. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping and backscatter electron imaging revealed that plastic deformation of the matrix near graphite inclusions is affected by the size and geometry of the graphite. The different behaviors of graphite are explained by their capability to damp mechanical force but at the same time to cause stress concentration in the matrix. The better shot peening results for CGI may be attributed to a lower damping effect of its graphite inclusions and capability of the matrix for larger plastic deformation.

Determination of the relationship between microstructure and constitutive behaviour of nodular cast iron with a unit cell model

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Collini ◽  
G Nicoletto
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Matrix

Unit cell models have been proposed to predict the constitutive law and failure of ductile materials with complex microstructures, such as ferritic nodular cast iron and particulate metal matrix composites (PMMCs). The present contribution aims to extend this modelling approach to the prediction of the constitutive response of nodular cast iron with a mixed ferritic/pearlitic matrix. The finite element method is used within the framework of continuum mechanics to carry out the calculations. The effect of some microstructural features, such as graphite volume fraction and ferrite-pearlite ratio of the matrix, on the mechanical performance is determined. The computational results are compared to results obtained in a previous experimental activity on nodular cast irons.

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