scholarly journals Particulate matter 10 (PM10): persistence and trends in eight European capitals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Maria Caporale ◽  
Luis A. Gil-Alana ◽  
Nieves Carmona-González
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Long Memory ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Mean Reversion ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Integration Framework

AbstractThis paper examines the statistical properties of daily PM10 in eight European capitals (Amsterdam, Berlin, Brussels, Helsinki, London, Luxembourg, Madrid and Paris) over the period 2014–2020 by applying a fractional integration framework; this is more general than the standard approach based on the classical dichotomy between I(0) stationary and I(1) non-stationary series used in most other studies on air pollutants. All series are found to be characterised by long memory and fractional integration, with orders of integration in the range (0, 1), which implies that mean reversion occurs and shocks do not have permanent effects. Persistence is the highest in the case of Brussels, Amsterdam and London. The presence of negative trends in Brussels, Paris and Berlin indicates some degree of success in reducing pollution in these capitals.

scholarly journals UK overseas visitors: Seasonality and persistence

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Maria Caporale ◽  
Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana
Keyword(s):  
Long Memory ◽  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Quarterly Data

This article analyses seasonality and persistence in the number of UK overseas visitors applying a fractional integration framework to (monthly and quarterly) data from 1986 to 2017. The results indicate that long memory is present in the series and the degree of persistence is higher for seasonally adjusted data, with shocks having transitory but long-lasting effects.

Exercise Performed Concomitantly with Particulate Matter Exposure Inhibits Lung Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Silva-Renno ◽  
Guilherme Baldivia ◽  
Manoel Oliveira-Junior ◽  
Maysa Brandao-Rangel ◽  
Elias El-Mafarjeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

AbstractAir pollution is a growing problem worldwide, inducing and exacerbating several diseases. Among the several components of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), especially thick (10–2.5 µm; PM 10) and thin (≤2.5 µm; PM 2.5), are breathable particles that easily can be deposited within the lungs, resulting in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Although physical activity is strongly recommended, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable. Therefore, the present study evaluated the pulmonary and systemic response of concomitant treadmill training with PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure. Treadmill training inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced accumulation of total leukocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.001), macrophages (p<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), as well as the BAL levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.05). Similar effects were observed on accumulation of polymorphonuclear (p<0.01) and mononuclear (p<0.01) cells in the lung parenchyma and in the peribronchial space. Treadmill training also inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced systemic inflammation, as observed in the number of total leukocytes (p<0.001) and in the plasma levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.001). Treadmill training inhibits lung and systemic inflammation induced by particulate matter.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Environmental Air Quality and Its Relationship with Seasonal Climatic Conditions in Eastern China during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Shi ◽  
Chunhua Pan ◽  
Sisi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Environmental Air

Exploring the relationship between environmental air quality (EAQ) and climatic conditions on a large scale can help better understand the main distribution characteristics and the mechanisms of EAQ in China, which is significant for the implementation of policies of joint prevention and control of regional air pollution. In this study, we used the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3), derived from about 1300 monitoring sites in eastern China (EC) from January 2015 to December 2018. Exploiting the grading concentration limit (GB3095-2012) of various pollutants in China, we also calculated the monthly average air quality index (AQI) in EC. The results show that, generally, the EAQ has improved in all seasons in EC from 2015 to 2018. In particular, the concentrations of conventional air pollutants, such as CO, SO2, and NO2, have been decreasing year by year. However, the concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM2.5 and PM10, have changed little, and the O3 concentration increased from 2015 to 2018. Empirical mode decomposition (EOF) was used to analyze the major patterns of AQI in EC. The first mode (EOF1) was characterized by a uniform structure in AQI over EC. These phenomena are due to the precipitation variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), referred to as the “summer–winter” pattern. The second EOF mode (EOF2) showed that the AQI over EC is a north–south dipole pattern, which is bound by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River (about 35° N). The EOF2 is mainly caused by seasonal variations of the mixed concentration of PM2.5 and O3. Associated with EOF2, the Mongolia–Siberian High influences the AQI variation over northern EC by dominating the low-level winds (10 m and 850 hPa) in autumn and winter, and precipitation affects the AQI variation over southern EC in spring and summer.

Vertical profiling of atmospheric air pollutants in rural India: A case study on particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5/PM1), carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 110061
Author(s):  
Sneha Gautam ◽  
Cyril Sammuel ◽  
Aniket Bhardwaj ◽  
Zahra Shams Esfandabadi ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Vertical Profiling

Study on Indoor Air Pollutants: Toxicity Screening of Suspended Particulate Matter

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
T. S. Patel ◽  
P. B. Doctor ◽  
P. K. Kulkarni ◽  
S. H. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

scholarly journals Interrelationship of Indoor particulate matter and Respiratory dust deposition of women in the residence of Dhanbad City, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHRAVAN KUMAR ◽  
Manish Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Conditions

Abstract Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).

scholarly journals STUDY OF IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS BY ESTIMATION OF APTI OF CERTAIN TREES IN KATRAJ AREA IN PUNE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erum F H Kazi ◽  
Dr. Satish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Air pollution is one of major concerns in Pune City currently. Study highlights increase in Particulate matter from Vehicular sources & Urbanization in Karaj area is having harmful impact on the trees in the area. Leaf of Plant species such as Peepal( Ficusreligiosa),, Tamarind(Tamarindusindica), Rain tree( Samaneasaman), Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Manago( Mangiferaindica), Almond( Terminaliacatappa) , Banyan tree(Ficusbenghalensis) were selected and it was found that Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Mango tree( Mangiferaindica) showed Intermediate APTI whereas Peepal, Tamarind, Rain tree, Almond, Banyan tree were found to be Sensitive to pollution. KEYWORDS: Air Pollutants, APTI of plants, Total Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, p H of leaf, Relative water Content ( RWC)

Electrospun nanofibre materials to filter air pollutants – A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2253-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod V Kadam ◽  
Lijing Wang ◽  
Rajiv Padhye
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Small Fibre ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Characteristic Features

This review presents an overview of electrospun nanomembranes produced from various polymers to filter air pollutants. Air pollutants can be categorised as particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. Both differ from each other in terms of size and chemical composition. Hence, the filter characterisation techniques and capture mechanism also vary. Particulate matter can be effectively captured in nanomembranes, in relation to microfibres, due to its small fibre diameter, small pore size and high specific surface area. Recently, electrospun nanomembranes have been used to filter gaseous pollutants owing to their potential of active surface modification. Different additives which functionalised the nanofibre surface for gaseous pollutant adsorption are also highlighted in this review. The characteristic features of nanofibres influencing the filtration efficiency have been discussed. Furthermore, various research challenges and future trends of electrospun nanomembranes in air filtration have been discussed.

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