scholarly journals A Structured Approach to Recover Valuable Compounds from Agri-food Side Streams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Moreno-González ◽  
Marcel Ottens
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Design Recovery ◽  
Cereal Bran ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Fruit Pomace ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Processing Steps

AbstractFood side streams contain useful compounds such as proteins, sugars, polyphenols, and amino acids that might get discarded during processing. The concentration of these components may be low (e.g., fruit side streams are mainly composed by water, around 90%, while polyphenol content in rapeseed meal is less than 3% dry weight) and therefore effective separation techniques should be evaluated. The aim of this review is to identify the different process steps (like pretreatment, volume reduction, phase change, solid removal, purification, and formulation) required to recover high-value products from agri-food residues. It reviews different plant-based byproducts as sources (cereal bran, fruit pomace, oilseed meals, fruit wastewater) of valuable compounds and discusses the relevant technologies required for processing (such as extraction, adsorption, crystallization, drying, among others). A structured approach to design recovery processes presented focused on high purity products. This work demonstrates that multiple high-value products can be recovered from a single agri-food side stream depending on the processing steps and the origin source (strong and soft structures and wastewater).

scholarly journals A Comparison of β-Carotene, Phytoene and Amino Acids Production in Dunaliella salina DF 15 (CCAP 19/41) and Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/30 Using Different Light Wavelengths

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2824
Author(s):  
Yixing Sui ◽  
Laura Mazzucchi ◽  
Parag Acharya ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Geraint Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Β Carotene

Strains of Dunaliella salina microalgae are of considerable research and industrial interest because they hyper-accumulate β-carotene as well as produce high-quality protein. To explore the co-production of valuable compounds in D. salina, this study compared the production of β-carotene, phytoene and amino acids in two strains cultivated under white, red or blue light until no further nitrogen was available. D. salina DF15 (CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15)) produced more than 12% β-carotene (ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis), and red light triggered the production of 9-cis β-carotene at a 9-cis/all-trans β-carotene ratio of 1.5. Phytoene production was also evident in D. salina DF15 under all conditions, particularly under blue light. However, the profile of essential amino acids (EAAs) and calculation of the essential amino acid index (EAAI) was less than ideal in terms of protein quality, for both strains. Umami compounds, quantified as monosodium glutamate (MSG) equivalents, indicated a higher equivalent umami concentration (EUC) in D. salina DF15 under red light (3.2 g MSG/100 g AFDW) than in D. salina CCAP19/30. Overall, D. salina DF15 demonstrates valuable traits for further exploration and product optimisation.

Using a Modified Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Within the Structured Design Recovery Framework

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Urbanic ◽  
W. H. ElMaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complete Model ◽  
Design Validation ◽  
Feature Design ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Design Recovery ◽  
Structured Approach

Design recovery is defined as determining the relevant form and functions and their relationships for a component in order to generate a complete engineering representation. To lead to a more complete model, an integrated approach that assesses the component from different perspectives is presented here, as no one perspective or set of tools can provide a comprehensive engineering representation. There is always the potential for error; hence, the necessity to assess latent design and/or design recovery issues in rigorous manner. A modified failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was developed to provide a foundation for the reconstructed model’s design validation. The modified FMEA is designed to interface directly with the design recovery framework. A matrix based procedure, which considers feature functions and relationships, is developed to assist the designer to quickly assess the feature design using a consistent structured approach. The results are plotted, and subsequent testing strategies are suggested based on the characteristics of the features being assessed. Examples illustrate the proposed methodologies and highlight their merits.

scholarly journals Properties of Biocomposites from Rapeseed Meal, Fruit Pomace and Microcrystalline Cellulose Made by Press Pressing: Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Żelaziński
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Primary Sample ◽  
Fruit Pomace

This paper presents the results of research on biocomposites made of the mixture of post-extraction rapeseed meal, microcrystalline cellulose and various fruit pomace (chokeberry, blackcurrant, apple and raspberry pomace). The biocomposites were made in the process of mechanical thickening by means of a heated mould (die and stamp) which is located between two heating elements installed on a hydraulic press. The presented research combines mechanical engineering and material engineering issues. The physical and mechanical tests of obtained biocomposites included mechanical strength measurements, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), colour change tests and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) tests of the internal structure after breaking the sample. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were carried out. Generally, the bend tests and Young’s modulus were significantly increased, for example, biocomposites with an addition of chokeberry pomace had the flexural strength higher by approximately 25% in relation to the primary sample. Furthermore, it is interesting to note the increase of water contact angle of these biocomposites by 40% in relation to the primary sample. The research indicates the potential for using fruit pomace for the needs of biocomposite production.

Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL G. HALFORD
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Metabolic Signalling ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

Electron Microscopy of the Nucleic Acid of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
N. H. Sarkar ◽  
Dan H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
The Subject

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) is believed to contain about 0.8% single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). This value of RNA content was estimated on a dry weight basis. The subject of this report is an attempt to visualize the RNA molecules of MTV particles.MTV particles were isolated from RIII mouse (tumor incidence approximately 80%) milk according to the method described by Lyons and Moore. Purified virions from 5 ml of milk were finally suspended in 0.2 ml of PBS, pH 7.4 and was mixed with an equal volume of pronase (5 mg/ml). This mixture was incubated at 37°C for an hour. RNA was extracted three times using freshly prepared cold phenol. It was then treated three times with cold ethyl ether to remove any trace of phenol. The RNA thus extracted was divided into two parts. One part was diluted four fold with 8M urea to avoid aggregation of the molecules. The other part was left untreated. Both samples were then mixed with an equal volume of 1M ammonium acetate, adjusted to pH 8.0 with NH3 containing chymotrypsin at a concentration of 0.01%.

Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

STEM measurement of subcellular water distributions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
S.Q. Sun ◽  
S-L. Shi ◽  
R.A. Buchanan ◽  
S.B. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Annular Dark Field

Recent advances in rapid-freezing and cryosectioning techniques coupled with use of the quantitative signals available in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can provide us with new methods for determining the water distributions of subcellular compartments. The water content is an important physiological quantity that reflects how fluid and electrolytes are regulated in the cell; it is also required to convert dry weight concentrations of ions obtained from x-ray microanalysis into the more relevant molar ionic concentrations. Here we compare the information about water concentrations from both elastic (annular dark-field) and inelastic (electron energy loss) scattering measurements.In order to utilize the elastic signal it is first necessary to increase contrast by removing the water from the cryosection. After dehydration the tissue can be digitally imaged under low-dose conditions, in the same way that STEM mass mapping of macromolecules is performed. The resulting pixel intensities are then converted into dry mass fractions by using an internal standard, e.g., the mean intensity of the whole image may be taken as representative of the bulk water content of the tissue.

Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Some Trace Elements in the Human Articular Disc of the Mandible

1963 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Bergman ◽  
Rune Söremark
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Thermal Neutron Flux ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Articular Disc ◽  
Group Separation

SummaryBy means of neutron activation and gamma-ray spectrometry the concentrations in the human mandibular articular disc of the following elements have been determined: Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, W, and Au. The discs were obtained at necropsy from seven men and nine women, ranging in age from 56 to 71 years.The activation was carried out in a thermal neutron flux of about 1.7 XlO12 neutrons × cm−2 × sec.−1 for about 20 hours. A chemical group separationwas performed before the gamma-ray spectrometry. Quantitative data based on the dry weight of the cartilage samples were obtained by comparing the photo-peak area of the identified elements with those of appropriate standards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document