New Strategies for the Total/Partial Replacement of Conventional Sodium Nitrite in Meat Products: a Review

The effect of Juniperus communis L. essential oil (JEO) addition at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 µL/g on pH, instrumental parameters of color, lipid oxidation (2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), microbial growth, texture and sensory attributes of dry fermented sausages produced with different levels of fat (15 and 25%) and sodium nitrite (0, 75 and 150 mg/kg) was assessed. Reduced level of sodium nitrite (75 mg/kg) in combination with all three concentrations of JEO (0.01–0.10 µL/g) resulted in satisfying physico-chemical (color and texture) properties and improved oxidative stability (TBARS < 0.3 mg MDA/kg) of dry fermented sausages produced with 25% of fat. However, sausages produced with 0.10 µL/g of JEO had untypical flavor. No foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and sulfite-reducing clostridia) were detected in any sample throughout the storage period (225 days). The results of this study revealed significant antioxidative activity of JEO and consequently its high potential as effective partial replacement for sodium nitrite in dry fermented sausages.

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Effect of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate on the Infectivity of Hepatitis E Virus

Food and Environmental Virology ◽

10.1007/s12560-020-09440-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 350-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Wolff ◽

Taras Günther ◽

Thiemo Albert ◽

Reimar Johne

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Meat Products ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

High Salt ◽

Genotype 3 ◽

Raw Meat

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can cause acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic HEV genotype 3, which is highly prevalent in Europe, is mainly transmitted by consumption of raw meat and raw meat products produced from infected pigs or wild boars. High salt concentrations represent an important measure to preserve meat products and to inactivate foodborne pathogens. Here, an HEV preparation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was subjected to different salt concentrations and the remaining infectivity was measured in a cell culture assay. Treatments with up to 20% sodium chloride for 24 h at 23 °C, with and without addition of 0.015% sodium nitrite or 0.03% sodium nitrate, did not lead to virus inactivation as compared to PBS only. Conditions usually applied for short-term and long-term fermented raw sausages were simulated by incubation at 22 °C for up to 6 days and at 16 °C for up to 8 weeks, respectively. Only 2% sodium chloride with 0.015% sodium nitrite showed a weak (< 1 log10), but significant, infectivity reduction after 2 and 4 days as compared to PBS only. Addition of 2% sodium chloride and 0.03% sodium nitrate showed a slight, but not significant, decrease in infectivity after 2 and 8 weeks as compared to PBS only. In conclusion, HEV is highly stable at high salt concentrations and at salt conditions usually applied to preserve raw meat products.

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CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CULTURAS LÁCTICAS PROBIÓTICAS PARA USO EM PRODUTOS CÁRNEOS FERMENTADOS: SENSIBILIDADE AOS SAIS DE CURA E USO DE ANTIBIÓTICOS PARA CONTAGEM SELETIVA

Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos ◽

10.5380/cep.v23i1.1274 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

RENATA E. FREITAS DE MACEDO ◽

SÉRGIO BERTELLI PLANZER JR ◽

NELCINDO NASCIMENTO TERRA ◽

RENATO J. SOSSELA FREITAS

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Culture Media ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Meat Products ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Simultaneous Use

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a resistência de espécies probióticas de Lactobacillus na presença de sais de cura e testar sua sensibilidade frente a diferentes antimicrobianos para o desenvolvimento de meio de cultura seletivo. As culturas Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei e Lactobacillus rhamnosus foram semeadas em ágar MRS contendo concentrações de 0% a 3% de cloreto de sódio e 0 a 200 ppm de nitrito de sódio. O efeito do uso concomitante dos sais de cura foi verificado utilizando-se 3% de cloreto de sódio e 200 ppm de nitrito de sódio. As bactérias probióticas e a cultura starter Pediococcus pentosaceus foram testadas frente a 20 discos de antimicrobianos pela técnica de disco-difusão. O crescimento dos probióticos não apresentou alteração nas diferentes concentrações de cloreto de sódio, assim como nas concentrações de até 200 ppm de nitrito de sódio. Verificou-se resistência ao uso simultâneo de cloreto e nitrito de sódio. Entre os antimicrobianos testados, a tetraciclina apresentou resultados satisfatórios para a inibição dos probióticos permitindo o crescimento isolado da cultura starter. Os probióticos apresentaram desenvolvimento satisfatório na presença dos sais de cura, demonstrando potencial para sua utilização em produtos cárneos fermentados com ação probiótica. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBIOTIC CULTURES FOR THE USE IN FERMENTED MEAT PRODUCTS - SENSIBILITY TO CURING SALTS AND ANTIBIOTIC USE FOR THE SELECTIVE ENUMERATION Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of probiotic species of Lactobacillus in the presence of curing salts and to test their sensibility in the presence of antibiotics for the development of a selective culture media. The probiotic cultures, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei spp paracasei and Lactobacillus casei spp rhamnosus, were plated in MRS agar with concentration of 0 to 3% of sodium chloride and 0 to 200 ppm of sodium nitrite. The inhibitory effect of 3% sodium chloride and 200 ppm sodium nitrite in simultaneous use was evaluated for the probiotic strains. The sensibility of the starter culture, Pediococcus pentosaceus and the probiotic cultures in the presence of antibiotic was carried out using 20 different antibiotic discs by the disc-diffusion technique. The growth of the probiotic cultures wasnt affected at different concentrations of sodium chloride, and even to concentrations of 200 ppm of sodium nitrate. Resistance was verified by simultaneous use of sodium chloride and nitrate. Among the tested antibiotics, tetracycline showed a satisfactory inhibition effect for the probiotic strains, since the growth of starter Pediococcus pentosaceus was not affected. The probiotics showed satisfactory growth in the presence of curing

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Impact of Sodium Nitrite Reduction on Lipid Oxidation and Antioxidant Properties of Cooked Meat Products

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9010009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Małgorzata Karwowska ◽

Anna Kononiuk ◽

Karolina M. Wójciak

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Meat Products ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Nitrite Reduction ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Cooked Meat ◽

Cooked Meat Products

Oxidation processes are responsible for reduction of the sensory and nutritional quality of meat and meat products, thus affecting consumer acceptance. The use of sodium nitrite in meat processing is an important factor limiting these changes. Therefore, eliminating this substance from the recipe of meat products to increase their nutritional value is not an easy challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium nitrite reduction on the lipid oxidation (peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and color parameters (CIE L*a*b*, total heme pigment and heme iron, nitrosylmyoglobin) in cooked meat products during 15 days of vacuum storage. The antioxidant properties of products and isolated peptides (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power) were also evaluated. Experimental material included four different sample groups of cooked meat products produced with various percentages of sodium nitrite (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg−1). It was shown that the sodium nitrite dose had no statistically significant effect on lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values, as well as nitrosylmyoglobin content. Along with decreasing the share of sodium nitrite in the samples, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value increased from 0.43 mg kg−1 for samples with 150 mg kg−1 at day 0 to 3.14 mg kg−1 for samples without nitrite at day 15. The total ABTS scavenging capacity of the cooked meat samples was in the range 2.48 to 4.31 eqv. mM Trolox per g of product throughout the entire storage period. During storage, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power of samples with nitrite increased from 0.25 to 0.38 eqv. mg/mL ascorbic acid per g of product. In conclusion, reduction of nitrite to the level of 50 mg kg−1 seemed to be comparable with the traditional use of nitrite in meat products in terms of the physicochemical properties and properties related to lipid oxidation, as well as total antioxidant capacity and peptide antioxidant capacity.

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Nitrite intake in Polish population

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Stos ◽

Miroslaw Jarosz ◽

Jaroslaw Pinkas ◽

Maciej Oltarzewski ◽

Barbara Wojda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Food Additives ◽

Meat Products ◽

Food Products ◽

Polish Population ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Nitrite Ion ◽

Safe Level ◽

Varied Diet ◽

Excessive Intake

AbstractNitrites are commonly used as food additives E 249 and E 250 in the production of meat products, mainly to protect them from the contamination of bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The nitrite intake should be limited because of their potential carcinogenicity in humans (IARC). The EFSA experts derived an ADI of 0.1 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw per day, corresponding to 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. Besides the meat products the other its sources are: cheese and fish products. The aim of this work was the assessment of nitrite intake (expressed as sodium nitrite) with the diet of Polish population.The data on sodium nitrite intake were based on the daily consumption of food products and dishes by the representative sample of Polish population (4134 persons) aged 1–96 years studied in 2000 and the actual content of this substance in food products. These data were combined with the results of the chemical analyses made by the State Sanitary Inspection. The risk assessment was based on the sodium nitrite intake calculations of: mean (X), median (Me), percentile 95 (P95) and its comparison to ADI. The data were analysed in the respect of the total studied sample and the group ‘consumers only’. The statistical analyses with use of U-Mann-Whitney test were done.The daily sodium nitrite intake expressed in mg/persons/day was as follow: 1.87 (X), 1.03 (Me) and 6.88 (P95) in the group of total surveyed persons. The percent of ADI was as follow: 31.8% (X), 17.4% (Me) and 111% (P95). The mean and median values did not exceed the ADI level in all studied groups. However the sodium nitrite intake at the level of P95 exceeded the ADI value in the most surveyed groups, except women. The most exposed group were children aged 1–3 (P95 = 287% ADI). The NaNO2 intake in the group ‘consumers only’ in mg/person/day was resulted as follow: 2.39 (X), 1.53 (Me) and 7.60 (P95) whereas the % of ADI was: 40.7% (X), 26.2% (Me) and 122% (P95) respectively.The Polish population was characterized by the average intake of sodium nitrite at the safe level (below ADI). However, there were observed some intake of sodium nitrite (P95 level) which exceed ADI. A balanced and varied diet, with limited consumption of meat products (up to 0.5 kg per week) will help to diminish the risk of excessive intake of nitrites by consumers in Poland.

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From Farm to Fork: New Strategies for Quality Evaluation of Fresh Meat and Processed Meat Products

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2019/4656842 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Gonzalo Delgado-Pando ◽

Carlos Álvarez ◽

Lara Morán

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Meat Products ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Fresh Meat ◽

New Strategies

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Use of Sorbates in Meat Products, Fresh Poultry and Poultry Products: A Review1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-45.4.374 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 374-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

MICHAEL C. ROBACH ◽

JOHN N. SOFOS

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Sorbic Acid ◽

Meat Products ◽

Potassium Sorbate ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Wide Range

Extensive research conducted in recent years has examined the efficiency of both potassium sorbate and sorbic acid (sorbates) as antimicrobial agents in a wide range of processed meat, and fresh and processed poultry products. In addition to their action against pathogens, effects of sorbates on product shelf-life, sensory qualities, and nitrosamine formation have also been examined in laboratory, pilot plant and commercial scale studies. The use of sorbates in these products appears to extend several benefits to both producers and consumers. Extensive studies involving bacon have shown a major reduction in nitrosamine levels associated with inclusion of potassium sorbate and reduction of sodium nitrite in the curing brine. Simultaneously, the low sodium nitrite/potassium sorbate combinations have maintained or even improved antibotulinal activity in temperature-abused products. In addition, potassium sorbate or sorbic acid have delayed growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in other products including cooked and cured red meat and poultry sausages. The compounds have also been shown to extend the shelf-life and delay growth of other pathogenic microorganisms in several products including bacon; cooked, cured meat sausages; cooked, cured or uncured poultry products; fresh poultry; and other meats, including dry cured and fermented products. Sensory evaluation studies have shown that sorbate levels recommended for use in these products (0.26%) do not have adverse effects on product quality characteristics. Allergic type symptoms attributed to experimental bacon from one study were not linked directly with either potassium sorbate or other formulation ingredients, and all available information does not indicate development of any adverse effects from use of sorbates at recommended levels. In summary, the results of studies conducted in meat products indicate that sorbates deserve consideration as potential alternatives to current formulations or processes involved in the manufacture of processed meat and fresh and processed poultry products.

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The use of pumpkin crumbs in pate technology and their functional characteristics

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies ◽

10.32718/nvlvet-f9205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (92) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

I. M. Basarab ◽

U. R. Drachuk ◽

I. S. Romashko ◽

B. I. Halukh ◽

I. I. Simonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Meat Products ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Functional Ingredient ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Specialized Equipment

One of the priorities of the modern meat industry is the production of products that have improved consumer properties. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to involve as much as possible in industrial circulation the local raw materials of plant origin, which will be an impetus for the production of new foods with functional properties. The article deals with the partial replacement of raw materials of animal origin with pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient in the production of pâté products. We have developed three recipes for pumpkin paste. Changes in nutritional value of the developed samples were investigated. The organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of pumpkin pate products were determined. The use of pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient in the technology of pate products affects the appearance, the color of the products and the composition of these products, along with other technological indicators were within the regulatory requirements. Experimentally established, that increase in the proportion of pumpkin pulp has been found to lead to an increase in mineral content and a decrease in fat content. Improvements in the functional and technological properties of experimental pâté products based on the use of pumpkin pulp have been demonstrated. Established rational replacement level of basic raw materials, which is characteristic for recipes № 3. Pâté products using pumpkin pulp as a functional ingredient is a low-calorie products. The production of combined meat products does not require additional specialized equipment and is a potential source of expansion of the domestic range of functional products. Consumption of these products gives us every reason to believe their food with significant new functional properties that meet the requirements of modern food.

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Research of functional and technological properties of minced meat products with using fish raw materials

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (90) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Y. Matsuk ◽

I. Marchenko ◽

V. Pasichnyi

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Control Sample ◽

Meat Products ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Minced Meat

The article is devoted to the improvement of the recipes of minced meat products with using fish raw materials and the study of organoleptic and functional and technological properties of developed minced meat systems and finished products. The research has been carried out on the rational combining of meat and fish raw materials and the expansion of assortment of minced semi-finished products. The formulations of minced meat systems for the production of meat semi-finished with a partial replacement of the main raw material to fish raw materials have been developed. The organoleptic and functional and technological parameters of minced meat systems and finished products are investigated. According to the results of the organoleptic evaluation, it was found that partial replacement of meat raw material with minced fish does not worsen the sensory characteristics of minced meat products. It is established that in comparison with the control sample there is an improvement of functional and technological indicators. In particular, the moisture content increased by an average of 6.1%, moisture absorption capacity – 5.91%, energy absorption capacity – 2.49%, fat-retaining ability – 2.52%. The obtained results confirmed the expediency of using minced meat with pollack in the technology of minced meat semi-finished products with due observance of the parameters of production cycle of heat treatment of products. It has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the technology of meat products using minced meat and developed recipes. It has been established that with careful selection of components that are part of minced meat semi-finished products with the addition of fish raw materials can increase the organoleptic and functional and technological parameters of finished products. The obtained data suggest that the improved recipes of minced meat semi-finished products can be recommended for production by enterprises of the meat industry and restaurants

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Functional Meat Products: The New Consumer's Demand

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666190227161051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 260-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Z. Khajavi ◽

Khadijeh Abhari ◽

Fatemeh Barzegar ◽

Hedayat Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Functional Food ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Meat Products ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Textural Attributes ◽

Reasonable Choice ◽

Chloride Salts

In recent years, special attention of consumers to health and nutrition has led to the development of “functional foods” which is a new approach to accomplish a healthier status, therefore, reducing the risk of diseases. Changing consumer demand has influenced meat products as an important functional food. Several approaches have been proposed to produce functional meat products through reduce/deletion of some component such as fat and sodium or adding a component such as probiotics or fortification. Manufacturing low-fat meat products is achievable through replacement of fat with carbohydrate or protein-based replacers, water and vegetable oils. It is also possible to reduce sodium chloride in meat products by reducing the size of crystals and full or partial replacement of sodium chloride with other chloride salts. Among various strains of probiotic to incorporate in meat products, spore former probiotics such as Bacillus spp. is the most reasonable choice due to their stability during processing. Despite the desirable elevation of the nutritional value of food, it should be taken into consideration that manipulation of the formulation can cause many technological difficulties or/and may negatively impact sensory properties of food due to unacceptable and undesirable changes. The empiric evidences represented that taste, as a major factor in sensory features, is dramatically fundamental for functional food acceptance by consumers. In this review, the major aspects that should be considered in the context to retain sensory and textural attributes of meat-based functional foods are discussed.

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