scholarly journals Effect of Oxidative Stress on Bone Remodeling in Periprosthetic Osteolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Galliera ◽  
Luca Massaccesi ◽  
Giuseppe Banfi ◽  
Elena De Vecchi ◽  
Vincenza Ragone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Periprosthetic Osteolysis ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Anti Oxidant

AbstractThe success of implant performance and arthroplasty is based on several factors, including oxidative stress-induced osteolysis. Oxidative stress is a key factor of the inflammatory response. Implant biomaterials can release wear particles which may elicit adverse reactions in patients, such as local inflammatory response leading to tissue damage, which eventually results in loosening of the implant. Wear debris undergo phagocytosis by macrophages, inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, ROS can also be directly produced by prosthetic biomaterial oxidation. Overall, ROS amplify the inflammatory response and stimulate both RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis, resulting in bone resorption, leading to periprosthetic osteolysis. Therefore, a growing understanding of the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and anti-oxidant strategies of implant design as well as the addition of anti-oxidant agents will help to improve implants’ performances and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Why so little effort to study anti-oxidant therapy in burns?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Abstract Given that oxidative stress is an inherent response to burn injury, it is puzzling as to why investigation into anti-oxidant therapy as an adjunct to burn treatment has been limited. Both the inflammatory response and the stress response to burn injury involve oxidative stress, and there has been some limited success in studies using gamma tocopherol and selenium to improve certain consequences of burns. Much remains to be done to investigate the number, doses and combinations of anti-oxidants, their efficacy, and limitations in improving defined outcomes after burn injury.

scholarly journals PGC-1α, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative View in Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rius-Pérez ◽  
Isabel Torres-Cuevas ◽  
Iván Millán ◽  
Ángel L. Ortega ◽  
Salvador Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Integrative View

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional coactivator described as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species detoxification. PGC-1α is highly expressed in tissues with high energy demands, and it is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its principal complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. We herein review the molecular pathways regulated by PGC-1α, which connect oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism with inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome. PGC-1α regulates the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant genes, including manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxiredoxin 3 and 5, uncoupling protein 2, thioredoxin 2, and thioredoxin reductase and thus prevents oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of PGC-1α alters redox homeostasis in cells and exacerbates inflammatory response, which is commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. During inflammation, low levels of PGC-1α downregulate mitochondrial antioxidant gene expression, induce oxidative stress, and promote nuclear factor kappa B activation. In metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a chronic low grade of inflammation, PGC-1α dysregulation modifies the metabolic properties of tissues by altering mitochondrial function and promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. In conclusion, PGC-1α acts as an essential node connecting metabolic regulation, redox control, and inflammatory pathways, and it is an interesting therapeutic target that may have significant benefits for a number of metabolic diseases.

Changes in the inflammatory microenvironment in premalignant colonic adenomatous polyps: Evidence for immunosurveillance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
David Mansouri ◽  
James Hugh Park ◽  
Clare Orange ◽  
Emilia M. Crighton ◽  
Paul G. Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Adenomatous Polyps ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response

535 Background: The majority of colorectal cancers develop through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Recently, the host inflammatory response has become recognized as a key determinant of outcome. In particular, a pronounced peri-tumoral local inflammatory infiltrate identifies those with a better outcome. The present study aimed to characterize the local inflammatory response in pre-malignant colorectal adenomatous polyps. Methods: Patients with adenomatous polyps removed at colonoscopy as part of a population FOBt screening program were identified from a prospectively maintained database. All polyps were greater than 1cm. Whole slide immunohistochemistry was performed to assess intraepithelial T-cell (CD3+), cytotoxic T-cell (CD8+) and macrophage (CD68+) infiltrate. Inter-observer agreement for assessment of inflammatory cell infiltrate was good or better for CD3+, CD8+ and CD68+staining (Kappa 0.66, 0.66, 0.79 respectively). Results: A total of 207 adenomatous polyps, 107 high-grade (HG), 100 low-grade (LG), from 134 patients were included. Median age was 65 years, 33 (25%) were female and 15 (11%) were taking regular aspirin. Comparing HG and LG polyps, there were more older and female patients in the HG group (p<0.05). There was no difference in location (p=0.222), macroscopic morphology (p=0.445) or aspirin (p=0.377) use between groups. Microscopically, HG polyps were more likely to contain a villous component than LG polyps (65% vs 50%, p<0.05). Overall, high levels of CD3+, CD8+ and CD68+ infiltrate were observed in 68%, 25% and 72% of polyps respectively. Both CD3+ (74% vs 61%, p<0.05) and CD8+ (37% vs 13%, p<0.001) infiltrate was higher in HG polyps compared to LG polyps. There was no association with polyp grade and CD68+infiltrate (74% vs 70%, p=0.540). Conclusions: An increase in local T-lymphocytic infiltrate, but not macrophage infiltrate was identified with progression from low-grade to high-grade dysplasia. This would suggest a specific response to early disease progression confirming increased immunosurveillance. Therefore, such early stage disease may amenable to immunomodulatory treatment.

scholarly journals Sorghum genotype may reduce low-grade inflammatory response and oxidative stress and maintains jejunum morphology of rats fed a hyperlipidic diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Aguiar Moraes ◽  
Dorina Isabel Gomes Natal ◽  
Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz ◽  
Robert Eugene Schaffert ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hyperlipidic Diet ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Isomeric O-methyl cannabidiolquinones with dual BACH1/NRF2 activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Casares ◽  
Juan Diego Unciti ◽  
Maria Eugenia Prados ◽  
Diego Caprioglio ◽  
Maureen Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTOxidative stress and inflammation in the brain are two key hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and multiple sclerosis. The axis NRF2-BACH1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that could be exploited pharmacologically to obtain neuroprotective effects. Activation of NRF2 or inhibition of BACH1 are, individually, promising therapeutic approaches for NDs. Compounds with dual activity as NRF2 activators and BACH1 inhibitors, could therefore potentially provide a more robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with an overall better neuroprotective outcome. The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) inhibits BACH1 but lacks significant NRF2 activating properties. Based on this scaffold, we have developed a novel CBD derivative that is highly effective at both inhibiting BACH1 and activating NRF2. This new CBD derivative provides neuroprotection in cell models of relevance to Huntington’s disease, setting the basis for further developments in vivo.

scholarly journals Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5277
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Dana Flavin ◽  
Linda Cota
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Systems Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Health And Disease

Inflammation is a key mechanism for the clearance of infective agents and other inflammatory triggers and is pivotal for the repairing processes of the affected tissues. Inflammation is a multistep process driven by a great number of mediators which regulate specific aspects of the inflammatory response, in agreement with a well-defined chronobiological program. A great number of inflammation-related diseases show a deeply altered immune chronobiology (e.g., COVID-19-related cytokines storm). This aspect highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the inflammatory phenomenon. It is fundamental to study inflammation as a multilevel phenomenon. Of particular interest is the low-grade chronic inflammation, which is an etiological factor of many chronic diseases. Nowadays, the therapeutic approach to low grade chronic inflammation is one of the great challenges of traditional pharmacology. Currently, no drugs specifically designed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory forms are available. Today, bioregulatory systems medicine (BrSM) and low dose medicine (LDM), two pharmacological paradigms grounded in systems medicine, potentially represent new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Scientific research has assessed the effectiveness and safety of both these therapeutic approaches, in particular for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic immunological dysregulations.

Red Ginseng Reduces Inflammatory Response via Suppression MAPK/P38 Signaling and p65 Nuclear Proteins Translocation in Rats and Raw 264.7 Macrophage

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (07) ◽  
pp. 1589-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareeballah Osman Adam ◽  
Gi-Beum Kim ◽  
Sei-Jin Lee ◽  
Heeryung Lee ◽  
Hyung-Sub Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cause systemic inflammatory responses, which are characterized by high mortality and multiple signs, including metabolic disturbances, respiratory acidosis, hypotension, and vital organs disorder. Cytokines secretion and oxidative stress are the main features of the disease. Diagnosis and treatment of systemic inflammation (SI) remain a challenge. Korean Red Ginseng (RG) is one of medicinal herbs that showed a potent anti-oxidant effect. We aimed to study the protective effects of RG on systemic inflammatory response in rats and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells induced by LPS. The rats were treated with water and alcohol extracts of RG for four weeks to prevent the inflammatory response. The result showed that LPS toxin increased morbidity and mortality, and induced liver, kidney, and lung injuries manifested by deteriorated biomarkers. Hypotension, hypomagnesemia, acidosis, and oxidative stress were observed in septic rats. However, RG extracts attenuated liver, kidney, and lung enzymes and metabolites in treated groups via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Furthermore, RG improved magnesium and blood pressure in the treated groups. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells exposed to LPS disturbance in translocation of p65 and MAPK/p38. Nevertheless, RG-pretreated cells did not significantly alter. In conclusion, RG reduced the rates of mortality and morbidity of treated rats — liver, kidney, and lung injuries were protected in the treated groups through the potentiation of anti-oxidant defense. RG was able to conserve mitochondrial function, inhibiting the activation of MAPK/p38 signaling and suppressing NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 cytoplasm-nucleus transport. Further studies are needed to examine the effects on chronic conditions in animal models and human.

scholarly journals Effect of Ulinastatin Combined with Xingnaojing Injection on Severe Traumatic Craniocerebral Injury and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress Response and Inflammatory Response

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zexin An ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Tao Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Craniocerebral Injury ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Xingnaojing Injection

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of ulinastatin combined with Xingnaojing injection on severe traumatic craniocerebral injury and its influence on oxidative stress response and inflammatory response in patients. Methods. A total of 100 patients with severe traumatic craniocerebral injury admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected and equally assigned into a study group (50 cases) and a control group (50 cases) according to a random sampling method. Patients in study group received treatment of ulinastatin combined with Xingnaojing injection, while those in control group were treated with ulinastatin only. The study compared the two groups on the oxidative stress response, inflammatory response, the therapeutic effect, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions. Results. It is observed that patients in study group obtained lower levels of free cortisol (FC) and norepinephrine (NE) in the serum and higher level of total thyroxine (TT4) after treatment compared with those in control group with significant difference ( P < 0.05 ); in the meantime, they were examined to have significantly fewer oxidative stress response products, lower serum inflammatory factor level, and serum indicator levels of craniocerebral injury as opposed to those in control group, suggesting significant differences ( P < 0.05 ); study group demonstrated higher treatment response rate and lower incidence rate of adverse reactions compared with control group with a significant difference ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The study found that ulinastatin combined with Xingnaojing infection has a significant effect in the treatment of severe traumatic craniocerebral injury, which can reduce the degree of craniocerebral injury and the level of inflammatory factors in the serum of patients. It is worthy of being promoted and applied clinically.

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