scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Indicated that Leaf Mesophyll and Leaf Vasculature have Different Drought Response Mechanisms in Cassava

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujuan Wang ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Wenquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue

AbstractDrought stress is one of the major environmental factors that limited crop’s growth and production. Cassava known as a tropical crop that is widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has a strong drought tolerance and can grow well under tough environmental conditions. Therefore, understanding how cassava responds to drought stress and coordinates survival and accumulation has great theoretical significance for improving crop drought resistance breeding. Many studies on cassava drought responses mainly focused on the leaf and whole seedling. Nevertheless, how the vasculature plays an important role in plant response to water deficiency remains to be fully elucidated. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on isolated mesophyll tissue and leaf vein vascular tissue of cassava variety KU50 after mild drought treatment to determine the molecular mechanism behind drought resistance in cassava vasculature. Our results showed that KU50 leaves had increased leaf temperature, with characters of rapidly decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate in leaves, and the intercellular CO2 concentration accumulated under drought stress. Comparative transcriptome profiling revealed that under drought stress, leaf mesophyll tissue mainly stimulated the biosynthesis of amino acids, glutamic acid metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. In particular, the arginine biosynthesis pathway was significantly enhanced to adapt to the water deficiency in leaf mesophyll tissue. However, in vascular tissue, the response to drought mainly involved ion transmembrane transport, hormone signal transduction, and depolymerization of proteasome. Concretely, ABA signaling and proteasome metabolism, which are involved in ubiquitin regulation, were changed under drought stress in KU50 leaf vascular tissue. Our work highlights that the leaf vasculature and mesophyll in cassava have completely different drought response mechanisms.

scholarly journals Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhu Li ◽  
Ruonan Fan ◽  
Guiling Sun ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yanting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background and aims As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance. Methods Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress. Results Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants. Conclusion Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis MADS-box factor AGL16 negatively regulates drought resistance via stomatal density and stomatal movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6092-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Xia Zhao ◽  
Zi-Qing Miao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Si-Yan Chen ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Abstract Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought resistance are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factor AGL16 acts as a negative regulator in drought resistance by regulating stomatal density and movement. Loss-of-AGL16 mutants were more resistant to drought stress and had higher relative water content, which was attributed to lower leaf stomatal density and more sensitive stomatal closure due to higher leaf ABA levels compared with the wild type. AGL16-overexpressing lines displayed the opposite phenotypes. AGL16 is preferentially expressed in guard cells and down-regulated in response to drought stress. The expression of CYP707A3 and AAO3 in ABA metabolism and SDD1 in stomatal development was altered in agl16 and overexpression lines, making them potential targets of AGL16. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient transactivation, yeast one-hybrid, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that AGL16 was able to bind the CArG motifs in the promoters of the CYP707A3, AAO3, and SDD1 and regulate their transcription, leading to altered leaf stomatal density and ABA levels. Taking our findings together, AGL16 acts as a negative regulator of drought resistance by modulating leaf stomatal density and ABA accumulation.

scholarly journals Ectopic Overexpression of Histone H3K4 Methyltransferase CsSDG36 from Tea Plant Decreases Hyperosmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5064
Author(s):  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
Linghui Guo ◽  
Yanwen Yuan ◽  
Shuangling Hu ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Histone H3k4

Histone methylation plays an important regulatory role in the drought response of many plants, but its regulatory mechanism in the drought response of the tea plant remains poorly understood. Here, drought stress was shown to induce lower relative water content and significantly downregulate the methylations of histone H3K4 in the tea plant. Based on our previous analysis of the SET Domain Group (SDG) gene family, the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of CsSDG36 was cloned from the tea cultivar ‘Fuding Dabaicha’. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the CsSDG36 gene was 3138 bp, encoding 1045 amino acids and containing the conserved structural domains of PWWP, PHD, SET and PostSET. The CsSDG36 protein showed a close relationship to AtATX4 of the TRX subfamily, with a molecular weight of 118,249.89 Da, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.87, belonging to a hydrophilic protein without a transmembrane domain, probably located on the nucleus. The expression of CsSDG36 was not detected in the wild type, while it was clearly detected in the over-expression lines of Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild type, the over-expression lines exhibited lower hyperosmotic resistance by accelerating plant water loss, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) pressure, and increasing leaf stomatal density. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the CsSDG36 overexpression caused the differential expression of genes related to chromatin assembly, microtubule assembly, and leaf stomatal development pathways. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the significant down-regulation of stomatal development-related genes (BASL, SBT1.2(SDD1), EPF2, TCX3, CHAL, TMM, SPCH, ERL1, and EPFL9) in the overexpression lines. This study provides a novel sight on the function of histone methyltransferase CsSDG36 under drought stress.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome sequencing of tolerant rice introgression line and its parents in response to drought stress

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyu Huang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Wensheng Wang ◽  
Yongli Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome

scholarly journals Water uptake dynamics under progressive drought stress in diverse accessions of the OryzaSNP panel of rice (Oryza sativa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeresh R. P. Gowda ◽  
Amelia Henry ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
H. E. Shashidhar ◽  
Rachid Serraj
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Genotypic Differences

In addition to characterising root architecture, evaluating root water uptake ability is important for understanding drought response. A series of three lysimeter studies were conducted using the OryzaSNP panel, which consists of 20 diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Large genotypic differences in drought response were observed in this genotype panel in terms of plant growth and water uptake. Total water uptake and daily water uptake rates in the drought-stress treatment were correlated with root length density, especially at depths below 30 cm. Patterns of water uptake among genotypes remained consistent throughout the stress treatments: genotypes that initially extracted more water were the same genotypes that extracted more water at the end of the study. These results suggest that response to drought by deep root growth, rather than a conservative soil water pattern, seems to be important for lowland rice. Genotypes in the O. sativa type aus group showed some of the greatest water uptake and root growth values. Since the OryzaSNP panel has been genotyped in detail with SNP markers, we expect that these results will be useful for understanding the genetics of rice root growth and function for water uptake in response to drought.

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