Life Expectancy in Developed Countries is Higher Than Conventionally Estimated. Implications from Improved Measurement of Human Longevity

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalkhat M. Ediev
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Longevity

scholarly journals Untangling the Genetics of Human Longevity—A Challenging Quest

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dato ◽  
Soerensen ◽  
Rose
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy

Human average life expectancy in developed countries has increased dramatically in the last century, a phenomenon which is potentially accompanied by a significant rise in multi-morbidity and frailty among older individuals.[...]

scholarly journals The Moral Significance of Death in Georg Simmel’s Metaphysics of Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Andrea Staiti
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Cultural Forms

In this paper I discuss the significance of Simmel’s conception of death as presented in his capstone workLebensanschauung(1918). I argue for Simmel death is the form of all cultural forms and that it has a transcendental, form-giving function for life in its concrete unfolding. I conclude with a brief examination of the thought of immortality and some suggestions about how Simmel’s conception of death has a bearing on current issues such as the increment of life-expectancy in developed countries.

scholarly journals Mortality in Russia: the second epidemiological revolution that never was

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Age Of Death

The article looks at different approaches to the conceptualization of the modern stage of mortality reduction (the "new stages” of the epidemiological transition, "the second epidemiological revolution”, the “health transition”). During this stage, which has lasted for at least half a century, revolutionary changes have taken place in most developed countries. These changes manifest themselves in the drastic expansion of the degree of control over non-infectious causes of death—particularly over diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, and other non-communicable diseases, as well as over external causes of death. As a consequence of these changes, there has been a rapid shift of deaths from the abovementioned causes to older ages, an increase in the mean age of death from these causes, and, ultimately, a significant rise in life expectancy. Russia, unfortunately, is watching this revolution from the outside, without taking any part in it. The age distribution of deaths from major classes of causes of death in Russia has not changed over the past half-century, life expectancy has stagnated, and Russia has increasingly lagged behind the majority of developed countries with respect to this indicator. Thus, the “second epidemiological revolution” has not yet to occur in Russia.

scholarly journals STAGES OF REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY PROVISION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Krasnoperova Elena Aleksandrovna, ◽  
◽  
Donnik Irina Mikhailovna, ◽  
Yuldashbayev Yusupzhan Artykovich, ◽  
Leshcheva Marina Genrikhovna, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Relationship Of

The problem of national economic security, which includes guaranteed food provision in the regions, occupies one of the pivotal places in the politics of economically developed countries of the world. Issues of food security and agricultural development should be a priority; without them, all conversations about national security are meaningless. Over the past 20 years, a lot of funds and efforts have been invested in the development of agriculture in Russia, the results of these efforts say it all. Russia has become the largest exporter of food raw, completely covers the needs of the population in chicken eggs, poultry, and pork. Despite significant advances in food security, many problems need to be solved immediately. The problem of food security provision at the federal and regional levels should be approached comprehensively. First of all, it is necessary to comprehend and realize that economic life develops according to its very specific laws, the complex interaction of which, ultimately, determines the state of the economy. The current situation with the position of food security can be assessed as not quite satisfactory. The article outlines the problems of food security in the Chelyabinsk region and the relationship of its tasks, the growth of life expectancy, and the working capacity of the population. Four stages of their duration and features of tasks at each stage are substantiated. The term for the full achievement of food security is designed for 12 years, improving the nutritional structure and increasing its usefulness will increase life expectancy by 8-12 years, which is consistent with state policy in the economic and social spheres.

scholarly journals Mortality from external causes in Russia over half a century

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kvasha ◽  
Tatiana Kharkova ◽  
Valeriy Yumaguzin
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
External Causes

The article discusses long-term mortality trends (since 1956) from external causes of death in Russia. Russia has long lagged behind developed countries in this domain. The level of mortality from external causes of death remains high and its structure is still archaic with large contribution of homicides, alcohol poisoning and injuries of undetermined intent. Excess number of deaths from life tables of Russia and Western European countries is compared. It is shown that in Russia the greatest excess losses are associated with mortality from poisonings among both sexes, suicide among men and homicide among women. Mortality from external causes, along with mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, has had a significant impact on life expectancy. In general, over the period 1956-2012 the increase in mortality from external causes in the 15-64 age group reduced life expectancy by 2.6 years for males and 0.7 years for females. The decline, starting in 2003, of mortality from external causes of death has slightly reduced the gap between Russia and developed countries, bringing the current Russian level closer to those levels reached in Russia in the mid-1960s and 1980s. However, given the fluctuations of mortality from external causes, it is premature to say whether the current decline in mortality is robust.

scholarly journals Dynamics of modal age at death in 1959−2014 in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
One Year

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the trends of the main indicators of life expectancy in Russia in the 1950s to 2000s. For this purpose, life tables for Russia (former — RSFSR) from 1959 to 2014 for one-year age intervals were analyzed. The main indicators under review are the modal age at death and the standard deviation of life expectancy from the modal value for all ages and the mode. As a result, it is concluded that in Russia the modal age at death and the indicator of life expectancy have stagnated over the past 60 years, and definite trends can be traced only in short periods of time, namely after 2009 when all basic life expectancy indicators were steadily increasing. Life expectancy is far behind those of the developed countries by about half a century.

The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel: international retirement migration on film

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1975-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA BELL
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
International Retirement Migration ◽  
John Madden

ABSTRACTThe two movies aboutThe Best Exotic Marigold Hotel(2012 and 2015) were directed by John Madden. Starring a cast of famous British older actors, the narratives are set in a faded hotel in India. These are individuals who have relocated because their retirement dreams cannot be realised in their home country. They reflect the growing phenomenon of international retirement migration (IRM): the quickly growing upsurge of financially independent individuals seeking an affordable old age. In India they can claim a position of relative comfort and privilege. For a generation that grew up in a consumerist culture, upward mobility in the senior life stage has become a purchasable commodity through exodus to a developing country. This generation of retirees is generally in better health compared with prior seniors, with a longer life expectancy. Many have a background of travel experience, and an ethos that places their own pleasures in life as pivotal. While global numbers are unavailable, it is estimated that there are millions of retirees relocating to less-developed countries for an affordable retirement. At retirement locations such as the Marigold Hotel, the discrepancies that continue between nations, and local poverty, enable this practice. The events in these movies might be read as a recapitulation of imperialism expressed through retirement migration.

scholarly journals Trends in air pollutants and health impacts in three Swedish cities over the past three decades

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Olstrup ◽  
Bertil Forsberg ◽  
Hans Orru ◽  
Mårten Spanne ◽  
Hung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Central Monitoring ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract. Air pollution concentrations have been decreasing in many cities in the developed countries. We have estimated time trends and health effects associated with exposure to NOx, NO2, O3, and PM10 in the Swedish cities of Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmo from the 1990's to 2015. Trend analyses of concentrations have been performed by using the Mann-Kendall test and the Theil-Sen method. Measured concentrations are from central monitoring stations representing urban background levels, and they are assumed to indicate changes in long-term exposure to the population. However, corrections for population exposure have been performed for NOx, O3, and PM10 in Stockholm, and for NOx in Gothenburg. For NOx and PM10, the concentrations at the central monitoring stations are shown to overestimate exposure when compared to dispersion model calculations of spatially resolved population-weighted exposure concentrations, while the reverse applies to O3. The trends are very different for the pollutants that are studied; NOx and NO2 have been decreasing in all cities, O3 exhibits an increasing trend in all cities, and for PM10, there is a slowly decreasing trend in Stockholm, a slowly increasing trend in Gothenburg, and no significant trend in Malmo. When the trends are divided into weekdays and weekends, the decreasing trends associated with NOx and NO2 are more prominent during weekdays compared to weekends, indicating that local emission reductions from traffic to a large part have contributed to these declining trends. Health effects in terms of changes in life expectancy are calculated based on the trends in exposure to NOx, NO2, O3, and PM10, and the relative risks associated with exposure to these pollutants. The decreased levels of NOx are estimated to increase the life expectancy by up to 11 months for Stockholm and 12 months for Gothenburg. This corresponds to up to one fifth of the total increase in life expectancy (54–70 months) in the cities during the period 1990–2015. In contrast to NOx and NO2, the changing trends associated with O3 and PM10 have relatively little impact on the change in life expectancy. NOx and NO2 are highly associated with vehicle exhaust emissions, indicating that decreasing road-traffic emissions have had significant impact on the public health in these cities.

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