scholarly journals Verification of Trail Making Test in Elderly People with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Toda ◽  
Shinsuke Nagami ◽  
Ayako Katsumata ◽  
Shinya Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Behavior Disturbance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), attention and executive dysfunction occur early in the disease. However, little is known about the relationship between these disorders and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This study investigated the relationship between BPSD and attention and execution functions. Twenty-five patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD were included. Neuropsychological tests, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Raven’s colored progressive materials (RCPM), and trail making test (TMT) were conducted for patients with dementia. The dementia behavior disturbance scale (DBD) was used for psychological and behavioral evaluations of patients with dementia. The AD group showed significantly lower MMSE, DBD, and TMT-B scores than the MCI group. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between DBD score, MMSE, and TMT-B.Conclusion: BPSD is associated with cognitive function severity in patients with MCI and early AD, suggesting that attentional and executive functions are independent risk factors for these neural substrates.

scholarly journals Applicability of the Test of Variables of Attention – T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Memória ◽  
Henrique C.S. Muela ◽  
Natália C. Moraes ◽  
Valéria A. Costa-Hong ◽  
Michel F. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT The functioning of attention is complex, a primordial function in several cognitive processes and of great interest to neuropsychology. The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A) is a continuous computerized performance test that evaluates some attention components such as response time to a stimulus and errors due to inattention and impulsivity. Objective: 1) To evaluate the applicability of T.O.V.A in Brazilian adults; 2) To analyze the differences in performance between genders, age ranges, and levels of education; 3) To examine the association between T.O.V.A variables and other attention and cognitive screening tests. Methods: The T.O.V.A was applied to 63 healthy adults (24 to 78 years of age) who also underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Span and Digit Symbol (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults – WAIS-III) and the Trail Making Test. Results: the T.O.V.A was little influenced by age or education, but was influenced by gender. The correlations between some T.O.V.A variables and the Digit Symbol and Trail Making test were weak (r-values between 0.2 and 0.4), but significant (p<0.05). There was no correlation with the Digit Span test. Conclusion: The T.O.V.A showed good applicability and proved adequate for evaluating attentional processes in adults.

scholarly journals Association between Daily Activities and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Memory Complaints by Their Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko Ikeda ◽  
Gwanghee Han ◽  
Michio Maruta ◽  
Maki Hotta ◽  
Eri Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Behavior Disturbance ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

It is important and useful to consider information provided by family members about individuals with memory complaints’ instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics and relevance of individuals with memory complaints’ IADL and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) assessed from the perspective of the family members using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia and short version Dementia Behavior Disturbance scale. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of Consumer’s Co-operative Kagoshima, and 621 responded. Of the returned responses, there were 159 participants who answered about individuals with memory complaints. The stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between IADL and BPSD. The result showed that many IADL of the individuals with memory complaints were associated with BPSD of apathy, nocturnal wakefulness, and unwarranted accusations, adjusted for age, gender, and the observation list for early signs of dementia. In addition, each IADL was associated with BPSD of apathy, nocturnal wakefulness, and dresses inappropriately. Modifying lifestyle early on when families recognize these changes may help maintain and improve the long-term quality of life of the individuals with memory complaints and their family.

scholarly journals The relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Uchida ◽  
Chiho Shimada ◽  
Naoko Sakuma ◽  
Fusako Kagitani ◽  
Akiko Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Identification Threshold ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in 12 elderly people (age: 80.9 ± 1.6) living in the community. Olfactory function was assessed by the identification threshold for rose odor. Four cognitive measures consisting general cognitive ability assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), its sub-domains, and attentional ability assessed by drawing a line to connect the numbers consecutively (trail-making test part A; TMT-A), were assessed. Subjects with a higher olfactory threshold (≥ 5) declined more in the performance speed of TMT-A (73% ± 7%, p = 0.05) compared with those subjects with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value was set at 100%). Other cognitive statuses assessed by MMSE tended to decline in subjects with higher thresholds. Because attentional function relates to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function, particularly of attention-relating cholinergic function.

scholarly journals Caregiver distress associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms in mild Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Pedro Balieiro Jr. ◽  
Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira ◽  
Marina Ceres Silva Pena ◽  
José Humberto Silva-Filho ◽  
Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Caregiver Distress and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementias (BPSD) in mild Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Fifty patients and caregivers were interviewed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results: 96.0% of the patients had at least one BPSD. The mean NPI total score was 19.6 (SD=18.05; range=0-78) whereas the mean Caregiver Distress Index (CDI) total score was 11.5 (SD=10.41; range=0-40). For the individual symptoms, the weighted mean CDI was 2.8 (SD=1.58). All symptom CDI means were higher than 2.0 except for euphoria/elation (m=1.8; SD=1.49). There were correlations between CDI and derived measures (Frequency, Severity, FxS, and Amplitude) for all symptoms, except Disinhibition and Night-time behavior. Correlations ranged between 0.443 and 0.894, with significance at p<0.05. Conclusions: All the derived measures, including amplitude, were useful in at least some cases. The data suggests that CDI cannot be inferred from symptom presence or profile. Symptoms should be systematically investigated.

Discussion 3

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Dr. Förstl was impressed by Dr. Reisberg's data showing a close relationship between cognitive impairment and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Yet he questioned Dr. Reisberg's conclusion that cognitive impairment is necessary for developing hallucinations or delusions. Dr. Reisberg responded that although there is no correlation between scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and BPSD, it does not mean that cognition is not involved in these symptoms. By definition, BPSD are behavioral and psychological. There is a psychological, or cognitive, element to all BPSD, said Dr. Reisberg. As an example, he noted that a patient with cataracts is more likely to experience visual hallucinations. A person who is not cognitively impaired will be able to censor those experiences and not discuss them with others. Patients with dementia do not censor this information, and tell others about their visual hallucinations. Dr. Reisberg noted, however, that visual hallucinations among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not common, occurring in about 20% of patients, with a peak occurrence just before the final stages of the disease. Dr. Shah commented that BPSD in patients in the final stages of AD may be difficult to detect because techniques for identifying these symptoms in severely cognitively impaired patients are lacking.

scholarly journals Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cognitive Function in Older Men*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3681-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ◽  
Deborah Goodman-Gruen ◽  
Brad Patay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
The World ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
State Examination

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether endogenous sex hormone levels predict cognitive function in older men. Our study design was an exploratory analysis in a population-based cohort in Rancho Bernardo, California. The study participants were 547 community-dwelling men 59–89 yr of age at baseline who were not using testosterone or estrogen therapy. Between 1984 and 1987, sera were collected for measurement of endogenous total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol levels. Between 1988 and 1991, 12 standard neuropsychological instruments were administered, including two items from the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration (BIMC) Test, three measures of retrieval from the Buschke-Fuld Selective Reminding Test, a category fluency test, immediate and delayed recall from the Visual Reproduction Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination with individual analysis of the Serial Sevens and the “World” Backwards components, and the Trail-Making Test Part B. In age- and education-adjusted analyses, men with higher levels of total and bioavailable estradiol had poorer scores on the BIMC Test and Mini-Mental State Examination. Men with higher levels of bioavailable testosterone had better scores on the BIMC Test and the Selective Reminding Test (long-term storage). Five associations were U-shaped: total testosterone and total and bioavailable estradiol with the BIMC Test; bioavailable testosterone with the “World” test; and total estradiol with the Trail-Making Test. All associations were relatively weak but independent of age, education, body mass index, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and depression. In these older men, low estradiol and high testosterone levels predicted better performance on several tests of cognitive function. Linear and nonlinear associations were also found, suggesting that an optimal level of sex hormones may exist for some cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójciak ◽  
Klaudia Domowicz ◽  
Marta Zabłocka ◽  
Michał Michalak ◽  
Janusz K. Rybakowski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia is well documented, but the mechanism of these connections remains unclear. The study aims to measure the relationship between the results on the new scales for the assessment of negative symptoms such as Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) and Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS), and the results of some neurocognition tests. The second aim is to assess a possible gender effect on these associations.Methods: The study included 80 patients (40 men, 40 women) with schizophrenia, aged 19–63 (mean 38 years), during the improvement period (total PANSS score &lt;80, unchanged pharmacological treatment in the last 3 weeks). They were assessed using the BNSS, SNS, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scales, and the tests for neuropsychological performance such as the Trail Making Test (TMT-A, TMT-B), Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, Verbal fluency tests (VFT), Category fluency test (CFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).Results: Male patients obtained higher scores than females on some PANSS and BNSS items. No gender differences were observed for the SNS scale. Female patients scored better in the PSP and CFT. In male patients, a significant positive correlation between the intensity of negative symptoms measured by the BNSS and the results of PSP with the Trail Making Test was observed. In female patients, we found a positive correlation between the results of BNSS and PSP with the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test.Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia patients. However, in male and female patients such association was observed for different cognitive domains. Further research is needed to explain the nature of these differences.

Are Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Associated With Mortality in Alzheimer's Disease?

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Gilley
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a substantial reduction in life expectancy, and mortality has long been evaluated as part of the natural history of this progressive disease. Survival time also plays an important role in projecting the future public health costs of AD. There is now considerable evidence linking mortality in AD with the severity of cognitive impairment and the level of disability in common activities of daily living (Bowen et al., 1996; Jagger et al., 1995; Moritz et al., 1997); established predictors of mortality in AD are listed in Table 1. However, the relationship between mortality and other disease characteristics has received less attention.

A-109 Examining Relationship of Brain Injury, Anxiety and Workload on Trail Making Test Performances

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158-1158
Author(s):  
Kristina E Smith ◽  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Winter Olmos ◽  
Pavel Y Litvin ◽  
Bethany A Nordberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Objective Both anxiety and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are both related to poorer Trail Making Test (TMT) performances. TBI survivors exhibit a greater incidence of anxiety in contrast to the general population. We evaluated the relationship between TBI and anxiety on TMT and perceived workload ratings. Method The sample consisted of 39 moderate-to-severe TBI [(21 with normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA) and 18 with abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA)] and 51 healthy comparison (HC; 26 NSA and 25 ASA) participants. Results ANCOVA’s, controlling for age, revealed the HC group outperformed the TBI group on TMT part A and TMT part B (TMT-B). An interaction emerged on TMT-B, with TBI-ASA participants outperformed TBI-NSA participants and HC-NSA participants outperformed their counterparts with ASA. Ratings of physical demand and frustration were reported higher in TBI participants compared to the HC participants. Moreover, TBI and anxiety symptoms had interactive effects on NASA-TLX temporal demand and frustration ratings, were TBI-ASA participants reported higher scores in contrast to TBI-NSA. Lastly, an interaction emerged with HC participants with ASA reporting better performances in contrast to HC-NSA. Conclusions As expected, TBI participants did worse on both TMT tasks. Next, we found that TBI-ASA participants impacted their TMT-B performance and their perceived workload (i.e., frustration, temporal demand) more than TBI-NSA participants. In the future, studies with a larger sample size should examine if anxiety influences TMT performance and perceived workload in person with mild TBI.

scholarly journals Correlation between Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer Type Dementia and Plasma Homocysteine Concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjie Zheng ◽  
Jindong Wang ◽  
Lei Yi ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Lingli Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

The relationship between plasma homocysteine and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) has not been specifically investigated in previous research. In this study, we compared plasma homocysteine (Hcy) among 40 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with BPSD, 37 AD patients without BPSD, and 39 healthy controls. Our results evidenced that the plasma homocysteine levels in AD patients with BPSD and without BPSD were higher than healthy controls and that the plasma homocysteine concentration in AD patients with BPSD was the highest among the three groups. Significant correlation between plasma homocysteine concentration and cognitive decline and duration of dementia was observed, but there was no correlation between BPSD and cognitive dysfunction or duration of dementia. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that BPSD were associated with plasma homocysteine concentration in Alzheimer's dementia, and the results supported that hyperhomocysteine may take part in the pathogenesis of BPSD.

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