Pediococcus Acidilactici Inhibit Biofilm Formation of Food-Borne Pathogens on Abiotic Surfaces

Microbial resistance to antibiotics and biofilm formation ability of food-borne pathogens are major global health challenges. Most milk and milk products (Madara and Nono) could be vehicles for the transmission of multidrug resistant genes among any community. This study was aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and biofilm forming ability of some food-borne pathogens isolated from common dairy products: Madara and Nono in Makurdi metropolis. Two hundred and forty (240) samples comprising of one hundred and twenty (120) each of Madara (fresh raw milk from cow “FRM”)) and Nono (chance fermented cow milk “CFM”) were examined for the presence of pathogens. Antibiogram of bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella spp.) using the disc diffusion method revealed that susceptibility for Ampicillin (86.9%), Streptomycin (83.9%) and Ciprofloxacin (75.0%). Resistance was shown (26.7%) to Nalidixic acid, a commonly used antibiotic reflecting a public health concern. Most resistant isolates had a multiple antibiotics index of 0.3 (27.54%) with a least multiple antibiotics resistance index of 0.6 (0.85%). Detection of biofilm formation of isolates was done by Tube method. The study also revealed that out the total of 236 isolates tested for biofilm formation, 67 (28.4%) isolates were non or weak biofilm producers, 77 (32.6%) isolates were moderate biofilm producers and 92 (39%) isolates were strong biofilm producers. Findings of this research show high presence of a wide range of microorganisms, particularly enteric pathogens and enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus which portrayed multidrug resistance and biofilm formation suggesting that FRM (Madara) and CRM (Nono) products might be important sources of food-borne infections and intoxication.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Saccharide-Based Aliphatic and Aromatic Esters as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12040186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raffaella Campana ◽

Alessio Merli ◽

Michele Verboni ◽

Francesca Biondo ◽

Gianfranco Favi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Preliminary Screening ◽

E Coli ◽

Aromatic Esters ◽

Food Borne Pathogens ◽

Food Borne ◽

Food Applications ◽

Antibiofilm Agents

A small library of sugar-based (i.e., glucose, mannose and lactose) monoesters containing hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic tails were synthesized and tested. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds against a target panel of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi was assessed. Based on this preliminary screening, the antibiofilm activity of the most promising molecules was evaluated at different development times of selected food-borne pathogens (E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enteritidis). The antibiofilm activity during biofilm formation resulted in the following: mannose C10 > lactose biphenylacetate > glucose C10 > lactose C10. Among them, mannose C10 and lactose biphenylacetate showed an inhibition for E. coli 97% and 92%, respectively. At MICs values, no toxicity was observed on Caco-2 cell line for all the examined compounds. Overall, based on these results, all the sugar-based monoesters showed an interesting profile as safe antimicrobial agents. In particular, mannose C10 and lactose biphenylacetate are the most promising as possible biocompatible and safe preservatives for pharmaceutical and food applications.

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Biofilm Formation Ability of Arcobacter-Like and Campylobacter Strains under Different Conditions and on Food Processing Materials

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2017

Author(s):

David Šilha ◽

Sabina Sirotková ◽

Karolína Švarcová ◽

Leona Hofmeisterová ◽

Květa Koryčanová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Food Processing ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Adhesion Ability ◽

Abiotic Surfaces ◽

Food Borne ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. The transmission of Campylobacter and Arcobacter-like species is often made possible by their ability to adhere to various abiotic surfaces. This study is focused on monitoring the biofilm ability of 69 strains of Campylobacter spp. and lesser described species of the Arcobacteraceae family isolated from food, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Biofilm formation was monitored and evaluated under an aerobic/microaerophilic atmosphere after cultivation for 24 or 72 h depending on the surface material. An overall higher adhesion ability was observed in arcobacters. A chi-squared test showed no association between the origin of the strains and biofilm activity (p > 0.05). Arcobacter-like species are able to form biofilms under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions; however, they prefer microaerophilic environments. Biofilm formation has already been demonstrated at refrigerator temperatures (5 °C). Arcobacters also showed higher biofilm formation ability at the temperature of 30 °C. This is in contrast to Campylobacter jejuni NP 2896, which showed higher biofilm formation ability at temperatures of 5–30 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated the biofilm formation ability of many strains, which poses a considerable risk to the food industry, medical practice, and human health.

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Metabolic Activation of CsgD in the Regulation of Salmonella Biofilms

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8070964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 964

Author(s):

Akosiererem S. Sokaribo ◽

Elizabeth G. Hansen ◽

Madeline McCarthy ◽

Taseen S. Desin ◽

Landon L. Waldner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Metabolic Activation ◽

Natural Environments ◽

High Osmolarity ◽

Transmission Cycle ◽

Knowing That ◽

Food Borne Pathogens ◽

Food Borne ◽

Luciferase Reporters ◽

Efficient Transmission

Among human food-borne pathogens, gastroenteritis-causing Salmonella strains have the most real-world impact. Like all pathogens, their success relies on efficient transmission. Biofilm formation, a specialized physiology characterized by multicellular aggregation and persistence, is proposed to play an important role in the Salmonella transmission cycle. In this manuscript, we used luciferase reporters to examine the expression of csgD, which encodes the master biofilm regulator. We observed that the CsgD-regulated biofilm system responds differently to regulatory inputs once it is activated. Notably, the CsgD system became unresponsive to repression by Cpx and H-NS in high osmolarity conditions and less responsive to the addition of amino acids. Temperature-mediated regulation of csgD on agar was altered by intracellular levels of RpoS and cyclic-di-GMP. In contrast, the addition of glucose repressed CsgD biofilms seemingly independent of other signals. Understanding the fine-tuned regulation of csgD can help us to piece together how regulation occurs in natural environments, knowing that all Salmonella strains face strong selection pressures both within and outside their hosts. Ultimately, we can use this information to better control Salmonella and develop strategies to break the transmission cycle.

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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, Rhamnolipids, and Usnic Acid—Novel Approaches to Fight Food-Borne Pathogens

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11307

Author(s):

Ondrej Chlumsky ◽

Heidi J. Smith ◽

Albert E. Parker ◽

Kristen Brileya ◽

James N. Wilking ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Growth ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Usnic Acid ◽

Food Contamination ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽

Food Borne Pathogens ◽

Food Borne ◽

The Impact

In the food industry, the increasing antimicrobial resistance of food-borne pathogens to conventional sanitizers poses the risk of food contamination and a decrease in product quality and safety. Therefore, we explored alternative antimicrobials N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), rhamnolipids (RLs), and usnic acid (UA) as a novel approach to prevent biofilm formation and reduce existing biofilms formed by important food-borne pathogens (three strains of Salmonella enterica and two strains of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus). Their effectiveness was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations needed for inhibition of bacterial growth, biofilm formation, metabolic activity, and biofilm reduction. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy followed by image analysis were used to visualize and quantify the impact of tested substances on both planktonic and biofilm-associated cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the substances was determined as a half-maximal inhibitory concentration in five different cell lines. The results indicate relatively low cytotoxic effects of NAC in comparison to RLs and UA. In addition, NAC inhibited bacterial growth for all strains, while RLs showed overall lower inhibition and UA inhibited only the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Even though tested substances did not remove the biofilms, NAC represents a promising tool in biofilm prevention.

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Probiotic-mediated competition, exclusion and displacement in biofilm formation by food-borne pathogens

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/lam.12051 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

J. Woo ◽

J. Ahn

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Food Borne Pathogens ◽

Food Borne

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Bacillaene Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02955-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Erega ◽

P. Stefanic ◽

I. Dogsa ◽

T. Danevčič ◽

K. Simunovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Food Safety ◽

Human Health ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Natural Isolate ◽

Abiotic Surfaces ◽

Food Borne ◽

Novel Applications

Biofilms are the predominant bacterial lifestyle and can protect microorganisms from environmental stresses. Multi-species biofilms can affect the survival of enteric pathogens that contaminate food products, and thus investigating the underlying mechanisms of multi-species biofilms is essential for food safety and human health. In this study, we investigated the ability of the natural isolate Bacillus subtilis PS-216 to restrain Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces as well as to disrupt pre-established C. jejuni biofilms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony counts, we demonstrate that the presence of B. subtilis PS-216 prevents C. jejuni biofilm formation, decreases growth of the pathogen by 4.2 log10 and disperses 26 h old pre-established C. jejuni biofilms. Furthermore, the co-inoculation of B. subtilis and C. jejuni interferes with the adhesion of C. jejuni to abiotic surfaces reducing it by 2.4 log10. We also show that contact-independent mechanisms contribute to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216 on C. jejuni biofilm. Using B. subtilis mutants in genes coding for non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides revealed that bacillaene significantly contributes to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216. In summary, we show a strong potential for the use of B. subtilis PS-216 against C. jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Our research could bring forward novel applications of B. subtilis in animal production and thus contribute to food safety. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is an intestinal commensal in animals (including broiler chickens), but also the most frequent cause of bacterial food-borne infection in humans. This pathogen forms biofilms which mend survival of C. jejuni in food processing and thus threaten human health. Probiotic bacteria represent a potential alternative in the prevention and control of food-borne infections. The beneficial bacterium, Bacillus subtilis has an excellent probiotic potential to reduce C. jejuni in the animal gastrointestinal tract. However, data on the effect of B. subtilis on C. jejuni biofilms are scarce. Our study shows that the B. subtilis natural isolate PS-216 prevents adhesion to the abiotic surfaces and the development of submerged C. jejuni biofilm during co-culture and destroys the pre-established C. jejuni biofilm. These insights are important for development of novel applications of B. subtilis that will reduce the use of antibiotics in human and animal health and increase productivity in animal breeding.

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