scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Hsaine ◽  
Reda Charof ◽  
Khadija Ounine
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: Streptococcus oralis plays an important role in the biofilm formation of dental plaque and the occurrence of periodontal disease. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of three essential oils, namely, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata,and Rosmarinus officinalis against S. oralis.Methods: The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by diffusion method using sterile discs (or aromatograms). The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils showing important antibacterial activity was measured using the broth dilution method.Results: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three essential oils as determined by the aromatogram technique showed that the essential oilof R. officinalis had no effect on S. oralis, while the latter was extremely sensitive to the other two essential oils, but with a higher efficiency of theessential oil of C. zeylanicum (42 mm diameter) than E. caryophyllata (20 mm diameter). Similarly, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were higher for the essential oil of C. zeylanicum than the essential oil of E. caryophyllata. The MBC/MIC ratio is of the order of 2. The essentialoils studied therefore appear to exert bactericidal activity against S. oralis.Conclusion: The findings suggest that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllata may be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: Essential oil, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Antimicrobial activity, Streptococcus oralis.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of some systemic and topical antihistaminic preparations

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Julide Sedef Gocmen ◽  
Unase Buyukkocak ◽  
Osman Caglayan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pheniramine Maleate

Purpose: In vitro antibacterial activity of topical and systemic antihistaminic preparations containing different active substrates against the standard strains of two bacteria was evaluated. Methods: Four topical and 3 systemic preparations containing pheniramine maleate, chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were studied. The antibacterial activities of these preparations against strains of S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 29213) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 25212) were tested using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the Minimal Innhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of parenteral preparations for these two bacteria were determined. Results: Pheniramine maleate-topical and pheniramine maleate-systemic had no activity against bacteria, but the others showed various rates of activity. Chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-topical and chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-systemic were the most effective (P < 0.05). Despite the same active substrate content, diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1 and diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 yielded different results when they were compared with each other or with the other preparations. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 had a relatively higher rate of activity than diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1. Inhibition zone diameters were 16.9±1.5 mm 12.3±0.5 mm for S .aureus, 17.4±1.0 mm 0 mm for S .epidermidis respectively (P < 0.05). MIC values of parenteral preparations were equal to or above 125 ?g/ml. Conclusion:, MIC values of parenteral preparations were higher than their blood levels in clinical use. Thus, effects of parenteral preparations may not have been reflected in routine clinical practice. However, topical forms have antibacterial activity due to additive substrates and the use of high concentration levels at the site of application. Therefore, in selection of topical forms for appropriate cases, these effects should also be taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity of topical antihistaminic preparations may be useful in certain dermatological pathology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oil from Algerian Pistacia lentiscus resin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
G. Bachir Raho
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth Inhibition

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram–positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram–negative bacteria). The agar disc diffusion method was used for microbial growth inhibition at various dilutions of the oils. Results showed that the tested essential oils possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus but inactive on E. coli. These results may have significant implications for the future development of resin oils of P. lentiscus as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of the infections caused by S. aureus. 

scholarly journals In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Carbopol-Essential Oils hydrogels

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-571
Author(s):  
Esam Yahya ◽  
Muhanad Abdullah Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Animal Skin

Background and Objectives: The main purpose of the drug therapy of any disease is to maintain the desired therapeutic concen-tration of the drug for the entire duration of the treatment. The aim of this study is to formulate mixed essential oils loaded hydrogel, and evaluate its antibacterial activity against some pathogens. Materials and Methods: Different hydrogels were formulated by using different concentration of essential oils. Antibacterial evaluation was done using disk diffusion method. Screening for antibacterial activity of essential oils were studied prior to hydrogel formulation to compare the changes in activity after incorporation in the hydrogel. Results: Clove oil exhibited the strongest activity towards all the tested pathogens, compared to other tested essential oils (clove > cinnamon > tea tree > rosemary). The formulation containing mixed essential oils showed the best results, with synergistic effect against all tested pathogens. Hydrogels were further subjected to evaluation of physical properties like color, clarity, pH, viscosity and animal skin irritation study. The zone of inhibition of the final formulation containing only 3% from the selected three essential oils was between 18‐23 mm for S. aureus, 17‐20mm for E. coli, and 14‐18mm for P. aeruginosa. The hydrogels were non-irritant, stable, and free of any microbes at room temperature. Conclusion: Activity of essential oils was much affected by incorporation in hydrogel. The loaded hydrogel showed better antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms used in the study, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the effectiveness and potential toxic effects in-vivo.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Organic Extracts of Aloe barbadensis against Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Mamata Adhikari ◽  
Anil Kumar Sah ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objectives: In order to investigate alternate therapeutic option, this study was carried out to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of gel extract of Aloe barbadensis against multiple antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Methods: A total of 180 different wound specimens collected in a hospital, were subjected to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa by cultural methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method to screen multidrug resistant isolates. A. barbadensis extracts were prepared using aqueous and organic solvents and their in vitro inhibitory action was evaluated by agar well diffusion methods. Results: Out of total, 38 (21.1%) of the wound specimens showed the occurrence of P. aeruginosa, among which 15 (39%) isolates were multi-drug resistant. Organic extracts of various concentrations (0.2 - 0.8 v/v %) inhibited 66.7% of MDR and all non-MDR (n = 23) P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition ranging from 9.5 ±1.0 to 21.3 ± 2.2 mm but not by aqueous extract. A positive Pearson’s correlation (r=0.983) was found between antibacterial effect and concentrations of the extracts. The antibacterial activity of organic extracts was statistically associated with antibiotic resistance profile of the organism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Organic extracts of A. barbadensis revealed variable in vitro inhibitory action against both MDR and non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Although further confirmation is needed, aloe gel extract may be applied as an alternate treatment option.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. GROWING IN MOROCCO AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA RESPONSIBLE FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El Kamari ◽  
Amal Taroq ◽  
Yassine El Atki ◽  
Imane Aouam ◽  
Badiaa Lyoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Agnus Castus

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) essential oils against some bacteria causing nosocomial infections in the neonatal and intensive care rooms at the university hospital center of Fez Morocco. Methods: The phytochemical screening of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis. The antibacterial test was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using disc diffusion method. Results: Twenty-nine components were identified in the fruits’ oil representing 93.1% of total oil. The major components in the fruits oil are 1,8-cineole (11.6%), α-thujene (9.3%), phyllocladene (8.2%), α-pinene (7.9%), caryophyllene (5.9%), and cubenol (5%). Furthermore, 28 components were identified in the leaf essential oil. The main component was caryophyllene (9.5%), followed by 1,8-cineole (8.7%), manoyl oxide (7.3%), eugenyl acetate (7.1%), phyllocladene (6.8%), and α-pinene (5.2%). Antibacterial activity of both oils showed a strong activity against nosocomial bacteria tested. Conclusion: Essential oils of Moroccan VAC could be exploited as natural drugs for bacteria, especially those who have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics.

scholarly journals USING ESSENTIAL OILS TO COMBAT THE THREAT OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenies Grullon ◽  
James P. Mack ◽  
Albert Rojtman
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cinnamon Bark

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The development of antibiotics was a revolutionary scientific discovery and medical advancement that greatly extended the life expectancy of mankind. Through less than 100 y of using antibiotics to treat infectious bacteria, some of these highly adaptive organisms have developed resistance to the drugs. The healthcare field is greatly concerned with the threat of many common infections that have been considered treatable for decades, regaining its ability to be severely fatal; thus, making alternative treatments currently in high demand. This study concentrated on investigating an alternative treatment for a specific gram-negative bacterium, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)</em>, a resistance-gaining bacteria that commonly infects hospitalized patients with weakened immune systems and/or open wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prior to the age of modern medicine, human beings relied on nature for medicinal treatments. In our research, we focused on determining the <em>in vitro </em>efficacy of using the essential oils, cassia and cinnamon bark, their major component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as the major component of manuka honey, methylglyoxal, as an alternative treatment against <em>P. aeruginosa</em> We tested cassia, cinnamon bark, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; the diameter of the zone of inhibition for each treated bacterial sample was measured and compared with the standard antibiotic treatments, tobramycin, and amikacin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that the selected essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal were as effective or better in inhibiting the growth of <em>P. aeruginosa </em>compared to the standard aminoglycoside antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tested essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, and methylglyoxal may be useful as an alternative treatment for infections caused by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and may also provide communities where antibiotics are not readily available, a cost-effective way to treat this infectious disease.</p></div>

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Toxicity Evaluation of Eastern Medicine Formulation Eczegone for the Management of Eczema

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095679
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Chishti ◽  
Ejaz Mohi-Ud-Din ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Sheraz Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Keratinocytes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, cell viability and safety of Eastern Medicine coded medicinal formulation Eczegone comprising extracts of Azadirachta indica (Azin) , Fumaria indica (Fuin) , Sphaeranthus indicus (Spin) and Lawsonia inermis (Lain). This work also evaluated antibacterial activity of Eczegone formulation having above mentioned plants ethanolic extracts against different bacteria’s by disk diffusion method. In vitro toxicity of Eczegone formulation was investigated by using human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cell line, crystal violet stained cells, and methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT) assay. In vivo acute oral and dermal cytotoxicity was determined by using Swiss albino mice and albino rabbits, respectively. The Eczegone formulation showed antibacterial activity against 3 gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and a gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. We didn’t observe any toxic effect of Eczegone formulation on the skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, the Ezcegone formulation was non-irritant according to draize score (OECD TG404, 2002). After rigorous safety evaluation by in vitro and in vivo acute oral and dermal toxicity analysis, we concluded that Eczegone formualtion possessses antibacterial effects and is safe, non-toxic, non-irritant, and the drug would be subjected for further biochemical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Elena Cardin ◽  
Charlotte Rendina ◽  
Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

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