scholarly journals Antibacterial and Toxicity Evaluation of Eastern Medicine Formulation Eczegone for the Management of Eczema

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095679
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Chishti ◽  
Ejaz Mohi-Ud-Din ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ◽  
Muhammad Rahil Aslam ◽  
Sheraz Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Keratinocytes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, cell viability and safety of Eastern Medicine coded medicinal formulation Eczegone comprising extracts of Azadirachta indica (Azin) , Fumaria indica (Fuin) , Sphaeranthus indicus (Spin) and Lawsonia inermis (Lain). This work also evaluated antibacterial activity of Eczegone formulation having above mentioned plants ethanolic extracts against different bacteria’s by disk diffusion method. In vitro toxicity of Eczegone formulation was investigated by using human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cell line, crystal violet stained cells, and methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT) assay. In vivo acute oral and dermal cytotoxicity was determined by using Swiss albino mice and albino rabbits, respectively. The Eczegone formulation showed antibacterial activity against 3 gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and a gram positive Staphylococcus aureus. We didn’t observe any toxic effect of Eczegone formulation on the skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, the Ezcegone formulation was non-irritant according to draize score (OECD TG404, 2002). After rigorous safety evaluation by in vitro and in vivo acute oral and dermal toxicity analysis, we concluded that Eczegone formualtion possessses antibacterial effects and is safe, non-toxic, non-irritant, and the drug would be subjected for further biochemical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Carbopol-Essential Oils hydrogels

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-571
Author(s):  
Esam Yahya ◽  
Muhanad Abdullah Abdulsamad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Animal Skin

Background and Objectives: The main purpose of the drug therapy of any disease is to maintain the desired therapeutic concen-tration of the drug for the entire duration of the treatment. The aim of this study is to formulate mixed essential oils loaded hydrogel, and evaluate its antibacterial activity against some pathogens. Materials and Methods: Different hydrogels were formulated by using different concentration of essential oils. Antibacterial evaluation was done using disk diffusion method. Screening for antibacterial activity of essential oils were studied prior to hydrogel formulation to compare the changes in activity after incorporation in the hydrogel. Results: Clove oil exhibited the strongest activity towards all the tested pathogens, compared to other tested essential oils (clove > cinnamon > tea tree > rosemary). The formulation containing mixed essential oils showed the best results, with synergistic effect against all tested pathogens. Hydrogels were further subjected to evaluation of physical properties like color, clarity, pH, viscosity and animal skin irritation study. The zone of inhibition of the final formulation containing only 3% from the selected three essential oils was between 18‐23 mm for S. aureus, 17‐20mm for E. coli, and 14‐18mm for P. aeruginosa. The hydrogels were non-irritant, stable, and free of any microbes at room temperature. Conclusion: Activity of essential oils was much affected by incorporation in hydrogel. The loaded hydrogel showed better antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms used in the study, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the effectiveness and potential toxic effects in-vivo.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Margherita Giusti ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Francesca Pisseri ◽  
Basma Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

scholarly journals Effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Other Natural Components against Anaerobic Periodontal Bacteria

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Marzena Kucia ◽  
Ewa Wietrak ◽  
Mateusz Szymczak ◽  
Paweł Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the Lactobacillus salivarius strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected red complex bacteria living in the subgingival plaque, inducing a disease called periodontitis, i.e., chronic periodontitis. Untreated periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the gums, root cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and others. Our hypothesis was verified by taking swabs of scrapings from the surface of the teeth of female hygienists (volunteers) on full and selective growth media for L. salivarius. The sizes of the zones of growth inhibition of periopathogens on the media were measured before (in vitro) and after consumption (in vivo) of Salistat SGL03, based on the disk diffusion method, which is one of the methods of testing antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, each of the periopathogens analyzed by the reduction inoculation method, was treated with L. salivarius contained in the SGL03 preparation and incubated together in Petri dishes. The bacteriostatic activity of SGL03 preparation in selected periopathogens was also analyzed using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement in the prophylaxis and support of the treatment of periodontitis—already treated as a civilization disease.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Combined Plant Extract of Pyracantha crenulata and Zanthoxylum armatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Semwal Amit Negi Sweta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Plant Extraction

Abstract-Medicinal plants represent an essential source of drugs and have played an important role in healthcaresystem.PyracanthacrenulataandZanthoxylum armatumhave been used as traditional medicine. The main aim of the study was to find the antibacterial activity of the selected plants against bacterialspecies:E.coliandPseudomonasaeruginosa. The solvents used for plant extraction were hexane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by Agar disk diffusion method. The hexane and aqueous extracts showed moderate activity whereas theethanolicextractsshowedasignificantantibacterial activity. In the study Tetracycline was used as standard. The combined ethanolic extract of both the selected plant showed the synergistic effect on the bacterial strain tested. This leads to the conclusion that the combined effect can have possible application in the development of products as antimicrobial.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of leaves extracts against bacteria isolated from wound infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Goris BMT ◽  
Sabahalkheir KG ◽  
Ibrahim AA ◽  
Ibrahim AA ◽  
Ishaq MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Perennial Plant

Background: Lawsonia inermis (L. inermis) is perennial plant commonly called henna. It is frequently cultivated in Sudan. Beside its uses cosmetics for staining hands and as hairs dyes‚ it was reported to be useful in jaundice, enlargement of spleen, calculus affliction and skin disease. Method: This descriptive study was done during the period from December 2014 to April 2015 in order to determine the invitro antimicrobial activity of L. inermis (henna) leaves extract against standard and clinical isolates from wound swabs, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These organisms were collected from different hospitals in Khartoum State including: Soba University Hospital, Military Teaching Hospital, and Laboratory Management Center. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibly testing was performed using cup plate diffusion method. The activity of L. inermis Linn leaves extract was controlled with four reference antibiotics including gentamicin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and impinim. Results: When aqueous extract of L. inermis Linn examined against standard bacteria and clinical isolates result showed that all standard bacteria were inhibited at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration. All clinical isolates were successfully inhibited at 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. In contrary, the activity of methanolic extract of L. inermis Linn against standard bacteria showed that all standard bacteria were inhibited at 100%, 50% concentration, However, the clinical isolates showed an inhibition rate various depending on the concentration of methanolic extract of L. inermis Linn with S. aureus being most sensitive isolate. Conclusion: We conclude that aqueous and methanolic extract of henna exhibited antimicrobial activity against all types of tested organisms both clinical and standard isolates. But the aqueous extract shows superior inhibition ability than the methanolic.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha B ◽  
Indra V ◽  
Abdul Rahim M ◽  
Venkadachalam E
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo, antibacterial effect of lactobacillus and ethanolic extract of sage Salvia officinalis on enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Amina N. AlThawani ◽  
Rasha abdul-Hussein Mahood ◽  
Hazim I. Abdul-Barrey
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

he antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus cell-free filtrate and ethanolic extract of sage Salvia officinalis on enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus and ethanolic extract of sage were determined by using well diffusion method. The results of ethanolic extract of sage showed moderate antibacterial activity even with high concentration of extract 20mg/ml with maximum inhibition zone 18mm. while, of Lactobacillus cell-free filtrate presented high antibacterial activity against E.coli (24mm) in vivo, thirty two albino male mice(age 8-10 weeks, weight ranged 23-27 gram) were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into four equal groups, include positive and negative controls. Histological analysis of intestine, liver and kidney showed that the mice infected with EPEC induce attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and loss of microvillus actins rootlets as well as microvillus fragmentation and no significant changes in liver and kidney tissues of mice infected with EPEC. Normal microvilli and mucosal morphology observed in mice infected and treated with Lactobacillus and ethanolic extract of sage.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDPOD AND QUERCETIN OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ruvanthika Pn ◽  
Manikandan S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether ethanolic extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (EENN) seedpod and quercetin (active component of NN) possess antibacterial proprieties against Gram (-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities of EENN seedpod and quercetin were investigated using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram (+) bacteria such as S. aureus. Results: The antibacterial activity of both EENN seedpod and quercetin was found to be increased in dose-dependent manner. The maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by both EENN seedpod and quercetin against E. coli (14 mm and 15 mm) and P. aeruginosa (13 mm and 15 mm). Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to the EENN seedpod extract and quercetin than Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the effect of EENN seedpod and quercetin against the tested bacteria in vitro may contribute to the in vivo activities of the EENN seedpod and quercetin.

scholarly journals Eleucine indicaPossesses Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel S. Al-Zubairi ◽  
Ahmad Bustamam Abdul ◽  
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ◽  
Chew Yuan Peng ◽  
Syam Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

The use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly.Eleucine indica(EI) is traditionally used in ailments associated with liver and kidneys. The therapeutic benefit of the medicinal plants is often attributed to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the hexane, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol extracts (MeTH) of EI for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects using total phenolic contents (TPCs) and DPPH, disc diffusion method and MTT cytotoxicity assays, respectively. The MeTH was showed to have the highest TPC and scavenging activity (77.7%) on DPPH assay, followed by EA (64.5%), hexane (47.19%) and DCM (40.83%) extracts, whereas the MeTH showed no inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria strains. However, the EA extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria exceptBacillus subtilis, in which this bacterium was found to be resistant to all EI extracts. Meanwhile, hexane extract was demonstrated to have a remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andPseudomonas aeruginosa, while the dicholoromethane extract did not exhibit significant activity againstP. aeruginosa. None of the extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7, HT-29 and CEM-SS human cancer cell lines after 72 h incubation time (IC50> 30 μg/ml). These results demonstrate that the extract prepared from the EI possesses antioxidant activityin vitroin addition to antibacterial properties. Further investigations are needed to verify the antioxidant effectsin vitroandin vivo.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7-Substituted-6-Fluoroquinolone and 7-Substituted-6,8-Difluoroquinolone Derivatives

Chemotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socorro Leyva-Ramos ◽  
Denisse de Loera ◽  
Jaime Cardoso-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed synthetic antimicrobial agents. Quinolones act by converting their targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, into toxic enzymes that fragment the bacterial chromosome; the irreversible DNA damage eventually causes the killing of bacteria. Thorough knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of quinolones is essential for the development of new drugs with improved activity against resistant strains. Methods: The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against 4 representing strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone using concentrations between 250 and 0.004 μg/mL. Results: MIC of derivatives 2, 3, and 4 showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The effective concentrations were 0.860 μg/mL or lower. MIC for compounds 5-11 were between 120 and 515 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and substituted hydrazinoquinolones 7-10 showed poor antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared with other quinolones. Conclusion: Compounds obtained by modifications on C-7 of norfloxacin with the acetylated piperazinyl, halogen atoms, and substituted hydrazinyl showed good in vitro activity - some even better than the original compound.

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