CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS L. GROWING IN MOROCCO AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL BACTERIA RESPONSIBLE FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate antibacterial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) essential oils against some bacteria causing nosocomial infections in the neonatal and intensive care rooms at the university hospital center of Fez Morocco. Methods: The phytochemical screening of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analysis. The antibacterial test was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using disc diffusion method. Results: Twenty-nine components were identified in the fruits’ oil representing 93.1% of total oil. The major components in the fruits oil are 1,8-cineole (11.6%), α-thujene (9.3%), phyllocladene (8.2%), α-pinene (7.9%), caryophyllene (5.9%), and cubenol (5%). Furthermore, 28 components were identified in the leaf essential oil. The main component was caryophyllene (9.5%), followed by 1,8-cineole (8.7%), manoyl oxide (7.3%), eugenyl acetate (7.1%), phyllocladene (6.8%), and α-pinene (5.2%). Antibacterial activity of both oils showed a strong activity against nosocomial bacteria tested. Conclusion: Essential oils of Moroccan VAC could be exploited as natural drugs for bacteria, especially those who have acquired resistance to conventional antibiotics.

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Molecular Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Five Essential Oils Extracted from Nigella sativa L. Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: A Comparative Study

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6643765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohammed Dalli ◽

Salah-eddine Azizi ◽

Hind Benouda ◽

Ali Azghar ◽

Maroua Tahri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method

Nigella sativa L. (NS) and its volatile compounds are well known for their broad spectrum of effects. This study aimed to investigate the variability of the chemical composition and the in vitro antibacterial activity of five essential oils (Eos) originated from Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, India, and France. These five samples were grown under different edaphic and climatic conditions. The agar diffusion method and microdilution method in 96-well plates were used to test the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant strains clinically isolated from patients (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii), for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration. Among all the investigated Eos, the monoterpenes were highly present in the chemical composition. Moroccan, Saudi Arabian, and Syrian seeds were characterized by the presence α-phellandrene (20.03–30.54%), β-cymene (12.31–23.82 %), and 4−caranol (9.77–14.27%). The Indian seeds were rich with 4-caranol (18.81%), β-cymene (14.22%), α-phellandrene (10.58%), and β-chamigrene (9.54%), while France NS was rich with estragole (20.22%) and D-limonene (14.63%). The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) obtained for the four Eos (with the exception of France because of the low yield) tested were ranging from 3 to 40 μl/ml. Gram-positive (+) bacteria were slightly sensitive to the Eos tested than the Gram-negative (−) bacteria. The results of this study showed that the Eos of NS seeds show interesting antibacterial activity which could be associated to the existence of different bioactive compounds. Indeed, these compounds can be used for preventive or curative purposes in the face of the noncontrolled emergence of resistance to antibiotics.

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Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of some essential oils and their blends against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from episodes of sheep mastitis

RENDICONTI LINCEI ◽

10.1007/s12210-021-00991-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Filippo Fratini ◽

Margherita Giusti ◽

Simone Mancini ◽

Francesca Pisseri ◽

Basma Najar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Thymus Serpyllum

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the major causes of mastitis in sheep. The main goal of this research was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of several essential oils (EOs, n 30), then five of them were chosen and tested alone and in blends against staphylococci isolates. Five bacteria were isolated from episodes of ovine mastitis (two S. aureus and three S. xylosus). Biochemical and molecular methods were employed to identify the isolates and disk diffusion method was performed to determine their antimicrobial-resistance profile. The relative percentage of the main constituents in the tested essential oils and their blends was detected by GC-EIMS analysis. Antibacterial and bactericidal effectiveness of essential oils and blends were evaluated through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of them showed sensitivity to the used antimicrobials. The EOs with the highest antibacterial activity were those belonging to the Lamiaceae family characterized by high concentrations of thymol, carvacrol and its precursor p-cymene, together with cinnamon EO, rich in cinnamaldehyde. In terms of both MIC and MBC values, the blend composed by Thymus capitatus EO 40%, Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO 20%, Thymus serpyllum EO 20% and Satureja montana EO 20% was found to be the most effective against all the isolates. Some essential oils appear to represent, at least in vitro, a valid tool against ovine mastitis pathogens. Some blends showed a remarkable effectiveness than the single oils, highlighting a synergistic effect in relation to the phytocomplex.

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ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA C. B. ROB.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.13577 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 258

Author(s):

Arunodaya H. S. ◽

Krishna V. ◽

Shashikumar R. ◽

Girish Kumar K.

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Vibrio Cholera ◽

Litsea Glutinosa ◽

Β Carotene ◽

Mic Value

Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of stem bark essential oil of Litsea glutinosa C. B. Rob.Methods: The essential oil isolated from stem bark of L. glutinosa and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem bark essential oil was investigated against eight human pathogenic bacterial clinical isolates using agar disc diffusion method and MIC value was determined by modified resazurin microtitre-plate assay. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate radical cation (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay.Results: GC-MS analysis of stem bark essential oil resulted in the identification of 37 compounds, off which 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (62.57%), hexadecanoic acid (12.68%), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.87%) and vitamin E (2.51%) were the main constituents representing 84.63% of the oil. The determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of stem bark essential oil resulted in significant inhibition zone (15.00±0.57 mm) and MIC value (0.15±0.15×10-2 mg/ml) against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The results of DPPH radical scavenging (IC50:4.540±0.06 µg/ml), ABTS (IC50:256.02±0.06 µg/ml) and β-carotene bleaching assay (%I: 78.51±0.42 %) showed significant in vitro antioxidant property.Conclusion: L. glutinosa stem bark essential oil showed potential antibacterial activity against the Vibrio cholera. The results of this investigation supported the ethnomedical claim of essential oil as a demulcent, antidiarrheal and antioxidant drug.

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Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. from Iran

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2005-1-206 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (1-2) ◽

pp. 30-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ali Sonboli ◽

Fereshteh Eftekhar ◽

Morteza Yousefzadi ◽

Mohammad Reza Kanani

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Two Samples

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from two samples (GP1 and GP2) of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of twenty-two constituents. Linalool (79.0% - GP1, 81.8% - GP2) and limonene (10.0%, 5.8%) were found to be the major components, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these oils and their main compounds against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The results exhibited that the total oils and their major components possess strong to moderate activities against all the tested bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM, EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA, AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17072 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samira Hsaine ◽

Reda Charof ◽

Khadija Ounine

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Streptococcus Oralis ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Broth Dilution

Objective: Streptococcus oralis plays an important role in the biofilm formation of dental plaque and the occurrence of periodontal disease. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of three essential oils, namely, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata,and Rosmarinus officinalis against S. oralis.Methods: The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by diffusion method using sterile discs (or aromatograms). The minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils showing important antibacterial activity was measured using the broth dilution method.Results: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three essential oils as determined by the aromatogram technique showed that the essential oilof R. officinalis had no effect on S. oralis, while the latter was extremely sensitive to the other two essential oils, but with a higher efficiency of theessential oil of C. zeylanicum (42 mm diameter) than E. caryophyllata (20 mm diameter). Similarly, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were higher for the essential oil of C. zeylanicum than the essential oil of E. caryophyllata. The MBC/MIC ratio is of the order of 2. The essentialoils studied therefore appear to exert bactericidal activity against S. oralis.Conclusion: The findings suggest that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllata may be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: Essential oil, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Antimicrobial activity, Streptococcus oralis.

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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. and Myrtus communis L. Plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44210399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 466-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Melih YILAR ◽

Yusuf BAYAN ◽

Abdurrahman ONARAN

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Myrtus Communis ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Agnus Castus ◽

Petri Dishes

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of essential plant oils from Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) and Myrtus communis L. against the plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Synder & H.N. Hans, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. KÃ¼hn., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Verticillium dahliae Kleb., and to determine the chemical composition of the compounds in these essential oils. GC/MS analysis was identified 25 different compounds in VAC essential oil, while the main compounds were determined as Eucalyptol (17.75%), Î²-Caryophyllene (13.21%) and Spathulenol (10.41%). On the other hand, the essential oil of M. communis, consisted of 16 different compounds which were Eucalyptol (49.15%), Myrtenol (19.49%) and Î±-Pinene (8.38%) being its main compounds. An assessment of antifungal activity was performed under in vitro conditions. Plant pathogens were inoculated onto Petri dishes (60 mm) containing PDA medium (10 mL/Petri-1), and plant essential oils were applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5 and 10 (Î¼L/Petri-1) into the 5 mm diameter wells opened on the Petri dish surface. After that, the Petri dishes incubated at 22Â±2 Â°C. The results of this study, the essential oil of M. communis, at a dose of 10 Î¼L/ Petri, inhibited the 100% mycelium growth of V. dahliae, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The highest dose of VAC essential oil was also 100% inhibited V. dahliae and S. sclerotiorum. The LC50 and LC90 values of M. communis and VAC essential oil calculated for V. dahliae, FORL, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. This plant extracts were shown by in vitro conditions to be potential antifungal agents.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Thymelaea hirsuta from Algeria

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Souheila Bounab ◽

Takia Lograda ◽

Messaoud Ramdani ◽

Pierre Chalard ◽

Gilles Figueredo

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Nonanoic Acid ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽

Oil Concentration ◽

Thymelaea Hirsuta ◽

Main Components

Abstract. Souhila B, Takia L, Messaoud R, Pierre C, Gilles F. 2019. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Thymelaea hirsuta from Algeria. Biodiversitas 20: 2868-2876. The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., essential oils from seven sampling locations in M'sila region (Algeria). Extraction of essential oils was carried out by the hydro-distillation; the analysis of chemical composition of essential oil was carried out by GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method at the essential oil concentration of non-diluted and diluted (1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 v:v of DMSO) against eight species of bacteria. The results showed that the average yields of essential oils were 0.3 ± 0.12%. A total of 45 components were identified, averaging 98.2 ± 1.85% of the total oils. The main components were nonanal-n (10.39 ± 3.21%), hexadecanoic acid (9.77 ± 2.81%), nonanoic acid (9.13 ± 6.49%), triacontane (7.2 ± 3.34%), isopropyl tetradecanoate (6.16 ± 1.99%) and tridecane (4.87 ± 3.1%). Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, there were two clades of T. hirsuta. T. hirusta has a chemical polymorphism with different chemotypes marked in nature. There were four chemotypes identified in the essential oil of T. hirsuta in the region of M'sila. The essential oil of T. hirsuta has antibacterial activity against eight tested bacteria on the concentration-dependentt manner.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Halima Benachour ◽

Messaoud Ramdani ◽

Takia Lograda ◽

Pierre Chalard ◽

Gilles Figueredo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Capparis Spinosa

Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.

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STUDY ON EXTRACTION PROCESS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GINGER OIL IN THUA THIEN HUE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.3.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Hien Le Thi Bich ◽

Quy Le Thi Minh ◽

Thuy Nguyen Le Lam ◽

Hoai Nguyen Thi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Main Component

Background: Ginger oil has long been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries to cure vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea... The subject aims to extract, determine chemical composition and antibacterial activity of ginger oil in Thua Thien Hue. Materials and method: Materials: Rhizomes of Zingiber oficinalis. Method: hydrodistillation method, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, and diffusion method on agar-agar disk. Results: Extraction process: Materials was milled to semi-fine powder, extracted in 3 hours, solvent-materials ratio was 3:1, with material within 10 days of harvesting. GC-MS analysis revealed 16 constituents in the ginger oil, in which the main component was Alpha-zingerberene. Ginger oil possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with the same MIC values of 43.8 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results were contributed to determine extraction process, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of ginger oil in Thua Thien Hue. Key words: Ginger oil, antibacterial, extraction, Alpha-zingerberene, Zingiber officinale

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CHEMICAL PROFILING OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i12.39573 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

AJITH S ◽

KRISHNA V ◽

RAVI KUMAR S ◽

VINAY KUMAR NM

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Dna Gyrase ◽

Diffusion Method

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Buchanania lanzan Spreng extracted from the seeds and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial antioxidants and molecular docking studies of the major bioactive compounds of essential oil. Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the B. lanzan seeds and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates by disk diffusion method and resazurin assay determined the minimum inhibitory concentration. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay; the essential oil major bioactive compounds are Androstan-3-ol, Campesterol, and γ-Sitosterol were docked against bacterial protein DNA gyrase. Results: GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of 19 bioactive compounds. The essential oil showed that significant antibacterial activity was noticed against V. cholerae and S. typhi with the highest zone of inhibition 15.67–1.20 and 13.83–0.33, respectively. Antioxidant activity in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays with IC50 values of 134.23 and 191.24, respectively. The molecular docking of Androstan-3-ol and γ-Sitosterol with bacterial DNA gyrase unveiled a good binding affinity of −6.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/ mol, respectively. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the essential oils potential sources of antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and molecular docking of bioactive components. The results of this study provide partial scientific support for the traditional application of essential oils to cure diarrhea and also major bioactive compounds responsible for important biological activities.

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