scholarly journals Cassava Trait Preferences of Men and Women Farmers in Nigeria: Implications for Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Teeken ◽  
Olamide Olaosebikan ◽  
Joyce Haleegoah ◽  
Elizabeth Oladejo ◽  
Tessy Madu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Farmers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trait Preferences

scholarly journals Gender-Responsive Participatory Variety Selection in Kenya: Implications for Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Breeding in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13164
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Cosmas Kweyu Lutomia ◽  
Odhiambo Collins Ageyo ◽  
David Karanja ◽  
Eliezah Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Women Farmers ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection ◽  
Trait Preferences

Participatory variety selection (PVS) is the selection of new varieties among fixed lines by farmers under different target environments. It is increasingly being used to select and promote new crop breeding materials in most African countries. A gender-responsive PVS tool was piloted in Embu and Nakuru in the first and second cropping seasons of 2019 to understand similarities and differences between men’s and women’s varietal and trait preferences for biofortified released varieties and local bean varieties (landraces). Pooled results indicate that varietal and trait preferences between men and women farmers were slightly different but followed gendered roles and division of labor. Women farmers have a higher preference for landraces compared to men due to their availability, affordability and accessibility. Preferences for bean varieties differed between men and women across the two counties. High yielding was the most prioritized trait by both men and women for Mwitemania, Nyota, and Angaza. The findings support the long-held assumption that men prefer market-oriented traits, but women have a greater range of concerns thus less market oriented than men. For Nyota, men’s preferences were shaped by market traits, while women’s preferences were based on the variety being early maturing, resistant to pests and diseases, marketable, and fast cooking. For other varieties, men preferred Mwitemania because it is high yielding, early maturing, resistant to pests and diseases, and marketable. In contrast, women preferred Mwitemania because of seed availability, fast cooking, and early maturing. However, men’s and women’s varietal preferences for Angaza were similar, with them reporting early maturing, resistance to pests and diseases, and marketability as attractive traits. Sociodemographic characteristics such as education, age, marital status, and land ownership underlined the differences in trait preferences. Despite having attractive traits for both men and women, Nyota increased drudgery, displaced women from their usual activities, and required additional inputs by women, signaling possible adoption tradeoffs. However, Nyota, Angaza, and Mwitemania can provide the opportunity to increase employment for women. This study calls for gender integration at the design stage of any breeding system to ensure men and women farmers have access to varieties they prefer for food and income generation.

scholarly journals Deconstructing leisure time and workload: case of women bean producers in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Mercy Mutua ◽  
Collins Odhiambo ◽  
Yvonne Kiki Nchanji ◽  
David Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Second Shift

Abstract Background The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts. Method The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty. Result The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses. Conclusion Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.

scholarly journals When Machines Take the Beans: Ex-Ante Socioeconomic Impact Evaluation of Mechanized Harvesting of Mungbean in Bangladesh and Myanmar

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Lutz Depenbusch ◽  
Cathy Rozel Farnworth ◽  
Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽  
Thuzar Myint ◽  
Md Monjurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural mechanization has spread across much of Asia since the 1960s. It has increased agricultural productivity and reduced arduous farm work. However, differing impacts for smallholders and hired laborers, and for men and women, require careful consideration. This study analyzed, ex-ante, the likely social and economic tradeoffs of mechanizing the mungbean harvest in Bangladesh and Myanmar. We used a mixed methods approach combining survey data from 852 farm households with in-depth interviews in four villages. Partial budget analysis shows that mechanical harvesting of mungbean is not yet profitable for most farms. There is nevertheless an incentive to mechanize as the associated timeliness of the harvest reduces the risk of harvest losses from weather shocks. Men and women farmers expect time savings and reduced drudgery. The results confirm that hired workers depend on manual harvesting for income and status in both countries. Most hired workers are landless married women with limited access to other sources of income. In the short term, farmers are likely to combine manual harvests and a final mechanized harvest of the indeterminate crop. This could mediate the impact on hired workers. However, in the long term, it will be necessary to facilitate income-generating opportunities for women in landless rural families to maintain their well-being and income.

scholarly journals Traditional livestock breeding practices of men and women Somali pastoralists: trait preferences and selection of breeding animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marshall ◽  
N. Mtimet ◽  
F. Wanyoike ◽  
N. Ndiwa ◽  
H. Ghebremariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Breeding Practices ◽  
Trait Preferences ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Linkages for Life: Assessing Tomato Value Chain Pathways and Opportunities for Better Livelihoods of Marginal and Vulnerable Groups in Pakistan

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Sajida Taj ◽  
Gomathy Palaniappan ◽  
Zubair Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Household Incomes

This case study offers insights into assessing tomato value chain to improving rural livelihoods of marginal and vulnerable groups in rural Punjab, Pakistan. This research is based on qualitative data collected through Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) in two pilot villages of district Muzaffargarh with men and women farmers separately. The research aims to explore the pathways, linkages and new avenues and opportunities for marginal and vulnerable groups especially women to increase their household incomes under a collaborative Pakistan-Australia Strengthening Vegetable Value Chain Project (SVVCP). It is imperative to identify effective linkages between farmers and other chain actors to have a comprehensive understanding of how these works and what roles public and private actors play in making them work more effectively to plan and implement the project activities with farmers, for farmer and by farmers. It was found that most of farming households operate less than an acre of land and supplement their income with farm labour and small businesses. Both men and women farmers indicated lack of linkages and opportunities for them besides their limited access to agricultural knowledge, skills and resources. Men have diverse linkages with male dominant institutions such as agriculture and marketing. In contrast, women have no linkages with viable economic institutions such as production and marketing and tend to be associated with domestic and community affairs. The findings suggest that, it is imperative that farmers must have access to required information and skills and opportunities for networking to build sustainable linkages with value chain actors.

scholarly journals The Role of Gender and Institutional Dynamics in Adapting Seed Systems to Climate Change: Case Studies from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Pricilla Marimo ◽  
Gloria Otieno ◽  
Esther Njuguna-Mungai ◽  
Ronnie Vernooy ◽  
Michael Halewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Equitable Outcomes

We explore how seed systems enhance access to seeds, and information for climate-change adaptation in farming communities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, as well as how gender-driven roles and institutional dynamics influence the process. Men and women farmers equally experience climate-change related effects, including drought, short rainy seasons and increased pest and disease incidence. Our study relies on exploratory data analysis of 1001 households surveyed in four sites in 2016. Farmers surveyed preferred early-maturing, heat-tolerant, high-yielding, and pest- and disease-resistant varieties, all important climate-adaptive traits. Seed systems of the focus crops studied are largely informal—overall, 68% women and 62% men use their own seed, indicating women’s higher reliance on ‘informal’ seed and information sources. Only 21% of respondents reported interacting with seed experts who are affiliated with formal organizations. Both formal and informal organizations play a key role in providing access to climate-adapted seed/information, with access for men and women varying across the countries studied. There is a need to support further development of those connections, building on existing social networks. We conclude that inclusive and gender-responsive context- and country-specific seed interventions will ensure equitable outcomes, increase women’s empowerment and strengthen both formal and informal seed systems for more effective climate-change adaptation.

scholarly journals EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SOCIAL CAPITAL BUILD-UP: GENDER DIMENSIONS IN TECHNOLOGY UPTAKE

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. S. BANTILAN ◽  
R. PADMAJA
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Holistic Understanding

SUMMARYThis paper explores how and to what extent women and men have benefited from social capital build-up (the ability of men and women farmers to develop and use various kinds of social networks and the resources that thereby become available) in technology uptake, and the role of women in this process. Using a series of three case studies on ICRISAT's Groundnut Production Technology, the process of technology uptake leading to empowerment is systematically documented through three stages of the adoption pathway. The process stimulating gender-equitable change and empowerment was examined through a sequential analysis using two in-depth case studies in three villages in Maharashtra, India, and complemented by a broader quantitative study of the uptake process covering villages in surrounding districts. This analysis illustrated that social capital is important for both adoption and impact to occur. Qualitative information complemented by quantitative measures provides a holistic understanding of the long-term effects and benefits. The findings illustrated that build-up of social capital improves access to resources like credit, information and knowledge about new technology options and practices. Furthermore, it expands choices available to each household member – e.g. selecting and adopting seed technology of their choice, and alternative investment options – and influences the distribution of benefits from the technology because of the ways in which social networks and social relationships facilitate technology dissemination. Mobilizing social capital through participation of men and women in groups/networks that crossed caste, class and gender barriers mediated the successful adoption and diffusion of technology.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on Gendered Barriers to Livestock Vaccine Uptake in Kenya and Uganda and Their Implications on Rift Valley Fever Control

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Mutua ◽  
Nicoline de Haan ◽  
Dan Tumusiime ◽  
Christine Jost ◽  
Bernard Bett
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
National Governments

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease of great public health and economic importance transmitted by mosquitoes. The main method of preventing the disease is vaccination of susceptible livestock before outbreaks occur. Studies on RVF vaccines have focused on the production processes, safety, and efficacy standards but those on uptake and adoption levels are rare. This study sought to understand the barriers faced by men and women farmers in the uptake of livestock vaccines to inform strategies for optimizing the use of vaccines against RVF in East Africa. The cross-sectional qualitative study utilized the pairwise ranking technique in sex disaggregated focus group discussions to identify and rank these barriers. Results indicate that men and women farmers experience barriers to vaccine uptake differentially. The barriers include the direct and indirect cost of vaccines, distances to vaccination points, availability of vaccination crushes, intra-household decision making processes and availability of information on vaccination campaigns. The study concludes that vaccine provision does not guarantee uptake at the community level. Hence, these barriers should be considered while designing vaccination strategies to enhance community uptake because vaccine uptake is a complex process which requires buy-in from men and women farmers, veterinary departments, county/district and national governments, and vaccine producers.

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