scholarly journals Gender-Responsive Participatory Variety Selection in Kenya: Implications for Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Breeding in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13164
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Cosmas Kweyu Lutomia ◽  
Odhiambo Collins Ageyo ◽  
David Karanja ◽  
Eliezah Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Women Farmers ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection ◽  
Trait Preferences

Participatory variety selection (PVS) is the selection of new varieties among fixed lines by farmers under different target environments. It is increasingly being used to select and promote new crop breeding materials in most African countries. A gender-responsive PVS tool was piloted in Embu and Nakuru in the first and second cropping seasons of 2019 to understand similarities and differences between men’s and women’s varietal and trait preferences for biofortified released varieties and local bean varieties (landraces). Pooled results indicate that varietal and trait preferences between men and women farmers were slightly different but followed gendered roles and division of labor. Women farmers have a higher preference for landraces compared to men due to their availability, affordability and accessibility. Preferences for bean varieties differed between men and women across the two counties. High yielding was the most prioritized trait by both men and women for Mwitemania, Nyota, and Angaza. The findings support the long-held assumption that men prefer market-oriented traits, but women have a greater range of concerns thus less market oriented than men. For Nyota, men’s preferences were shaped by market traits, while women’s preferences were based on the variety being early maturing, resistant to pests and diseases, marketable, and fast cooking. For other varieties, men preferred Mwitemania because it is high yielding, early maturing, resistant to pests and diseases, and marketable. In contrast, women preferred Mwitemania because of seed availability, fast cooking, and early maturing. However, men’s and women’s varietal preferences for Angaza were similar, with them reporting early maturing, resistance to pests and diseases, and marketability as attractive traits. Sociodemographic characteristics such as education, age, marital status, and land ownership underlined the differences in trait preferences. Despite having attractive traits for both men and women, Nyota increased drudgery, displaced women from their usual activities, and required additional inputs by women, signaling possible adoption tradeoffs. However, Nyota, Angaza, and Mwitemania can provide the opportunity to increase employment for women. This study calls for gender integration at the design stage of any breeding system to ensure men and women farmers have access to varieties they prefer for food and income generation.

scholarly journals Integrating Conventional and Participatory Breeding Approaches in Assessment of Common Bean Varieties for Farmer Preffered Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Papias H. Binagwa ◽  
Magdalena William ◽  
Julius P. Mbiu ◽  
Eunice Zakayo ◽  
Shida M. Nestory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

It is estimated that over 75% of rural households in Tanzania depend on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for daily subsistence. Recently, farmers have been increasingly looking for improved bean varieties which meet specific market demands characterized with yellow seed colour, early maturing and/or adapted to local agro-ecologies. Study focused on assessing the performance of bean varieties for agronomic traits through variety and environmental interactions by identifying high yielding, ealy maturing and market demand seed classes among the tested materials. For testing adaptability and stability, experiments were conducted in low to high altitudes for two consecutive years using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Eight common bean varieties KG98, Navy line 1, KATB9, SABRYT, KATB1, Lyamungu 85, JESCA and Calima Uyole were used. Absolute, matrix and pairwise ranking were used integratively for farmers’ and researcher’s assessment and selection. Participatory variety selection approach gave farmers an opportunity to assess and select varieties from a range of near finished materials in the breeding process. As part of the Farmers’ participatory variety selection process, seventeen participants as among the consumers 46% being women were selected to participate in a focused group discussion. Results revealed that, days to flowering, days to maturity and yield across the tested environments showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) as well as yield and diseases interactions for genotype, environment and season. Field data and farmers’ assessment data showed two varieties of KATB1 (yellow round) and KATB9 (red round) for better performance (high yield) and grain preference respectively. It showed that, early maturing; seed type and marketability varieties are highly demanded by bean farmers in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Trait profile of maize varieties preferred by farmers and value chain actors in northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Boakyewaa Adu ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Richard Akromah ◽  
Isaac Kodzo Amegbor ◽  
Desmond Sunday Adogoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
White Grain ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection ◽  
Trait Preferences ◽  
Rural Appraisal

AbstractPlant breeders’ knowledge of precise traits preferred by variety users would accelerate varietal turnover and widen adoption of newly developed maize varieties in Ghana. The objective of this research was to provide empirical evidence of trait preferences of farmers and other actors in the maize value chain in northern Ghana, based on which research strategies for maize improvement could be formulated. Participatory rural appraisal was conducted in 2016 to determine key traits preferred by maize value chain actors across the three regions in northern Ghana. A total of 279 maize value chain actors were interviewed. Different scoring and ranking techniques were used to assess the maize traits preferred by the different actors. Participatory variety selection trials were also conducted in the Tolon, West Gonja, Binduri, and Sissala East districts in northern Ghana from 2014 to 2016. The mother-baby trial approach was used to evaluate eight hybrids with 3000 farmers. Data on yield and agronomic performance of the hybrids and farmer’s selection criteria were collected. Data analyses were performed using GenStat Edition 16 and SPSS Edition 20 statistical packages. The participatory rural appraisal method identified farmers, input dealers, traders, and processors as the primary maize value chain actors in the study areas. Trait preferences of the different actors overlapped and revolved around grain quality including nutritional value, and stress tolerance and grain yield. Results of the participatory variety selection study revealed that across districts, farmers preferred high-yielding varieties with multiple cobs per plant, white grain endosperm color, and bigger and fully filled cobs. For the first time, our holistic assessment of the trait preferences of key actors of the maize value chain in northern Ghana revealed a comprehensive list of traits, which could be used by breeders to develop varieties that may be preferred by all value chain actors in northern Ghana.

scholarly journals Cassava Trait Preferences of Men and Women Farmers in Nigeria: Implications for Breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Teeken ◽  
Olamide Olaosebikan ◽  
Joyce Haleegoah ◽  
Elizabeth Oladejo ◽  
Tessy Madu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women Farmers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trait Preferences

scholarly journals Deconstructing leisure time and workload: case of women bean producers in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Bogweh Nchanji ◽  
Mercy Mutua ◽  
Collins Odhiambo ◽  
Yvonne Kiki Nchanji ◽  
David Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Second Shift

Abstract Background The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts. Method The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty. Result The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses. Conclusion Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.

scholarly journals Adoption of Improved Mungbean Production Technologies in Selected East African Countries

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Frank Mmbando ◽  
Emmanuel Mbeyagala ◽  
Papias Binagwa ◽  
Rael Karimi ◽  
Hellen Opie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
Production Technologies

This study analyzes the factors that influence the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, using multivariate probit and Poisson regression models. The results show that the probability and extent of the adoption of mungbean production technologies are influenced by gender of the household, household size, farm size, livestock size, household assets, access to extension services and access to credit. The study suggests that policy interventions that aimed at targeting women farmers, increasing household asset and information dissemination, such as field demonstrations and training programs, are crucial in enhancing technology adoption among smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals When Machines Take the Beans: Ex-Ante Socioeconomic Impact Evaluation of Mechanized Harvesting of Mungbean in Bangladesh and Myanmar

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Lutz Depenbusch ◽  
Cathy Rozel Farnworth ◽  
Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽  
Thuzar Myint ◽  
Md Monjurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural mechanization has spread across much of Asia since the 1960s. It has increased agricultural productivity and reduced arduous farm work. However, differing impacts for smallholders and hired laborers, and for men and women, require careful consideration. This study analyzed, ex-ante, the likely social and economic tradeoffs of mechanizing the mungbean harvest in Bangladesh and Myanmar. We used a mixed methods approach combining survey data from 852 farm households with in-depth interviews in four villages. Partial budget analysis shows that mechanical harvesting of mungbean is not yet profitable for most farms. There is nevertheless an incentive to mechanize as the associated timeliness of the harvest reduces the risk of harvest losses from weather shocks. Men and women farmers expect time savings and reduced drudgery. The results confirm that hired workers depend on manual harvesting for income and status in both countries. Most hired workers are landless married women with limited access to other sources of income. In the short term, farmers are likely to combine manual harvests and a final mechanized harvest of the indeterminate crop. This could mediate the impact on hired workers. However, in the long term, it will be necessary to facilitate income-generating opportunities for women in landless rural families to maintain their well-being and income.

scholarly journals Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes of wheat farmers in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Pandit ◽  
ME Baksh ◽  
MA Sufian ◽  
M Harun-ur-Rashid ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Variety Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Participatory Variety Selection

Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes like adoption of new wheat varieties and production technologies, income and attitude change of the wheat farmers, etc. are presented in the paper. Participatory variety selection was conducted at 12 villages of four districts in Bangladesh. Base line information from the villages was collected through participatory rural appraisal and household survey in 2002. Data on agro-economic changes were collected through household survey in 2005. Impacts were assessed from the difference of the data of two surveys. The area of the check variety Kanchan came down from 97.8% (covered in 2002) to 57% in the working villages in 2005. Varietal diversity was increased remarkably and seven varieties were found to cultivate in 2004-05. The new varieties occupied 43% of the wheat areas. Seed preservation by farmers was increased remarkably and 208 tons seeds of new varieties were preserved by them in 2004-05. When 60% seeds of their total requirements were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation in 2002, then, 100% seeds were used from farmers’ own source in 2004-05. There were remarkable changes in production technology adoption, sources of agricultural knowledge, attitude and income changes. Farmers’ income was increased to Tk. 11148/ha due to cultivation of new varieties and use of recommended production technologies. Participatory variety selection approach in wheat was found very useful to increase wheat production in the working villages. Widespread use of this approach may be useful throughout the county in other crops also.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.462Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 335-347, September 2007

scholarly journals Traditional livestock breeding practices of men and women Somali pastoralists: trait preferences and selection of breeding animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marshall ◽  
N. Mtimet ◽  
F. Wanyoike ◽  
N. Ndiwa ◽  
H. Ghebremariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Breeding Practices ◽  
Trait Preferences ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN DALAM USAHATANI TOMAT DI DESA TARAITAK SATU KECAMATAN LANGOWAN UTARA KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Vialli Erick Wowiling ◽  
Jenny ., Baroleh ◽  
Jean Fanny Junita Timban
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
Post Harvesting

This study aims to determine the role of women in the stages of work on tomato farming and the time allocation in tomato farming and in household activities. This research was conducted for 6 months from November 2016 to May 2017 in Taraitak Satu Village, Langowan Utara District, Minahasa Regency. The data used in this study consisted of primary data obtained through interviews and observations on 20 women farmers who were deliberately selected by criteria of having a husband and working not as a tomato farmer. Secondary data was obtained from the Taraitak Satu Village Office, Unsrat Agricultural Library, the Internet through google searching in the form of a thesis from another university. Data analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the study concluded the stages of work involving women on tomato farming, namely the stage of seed preparation, land clearing, planting and making planting holes, planting, mulching, maintenance - including watering, weeding, fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases or spraying of pesticide, trimming and binding - , harvesting, and post-harvesting. The most dominant time allocation of female labor is at the maintenance stage except spraying drugs that are not carried out by women. Maintenance activities are carried out by women because according to the local community's views women are more diligent than men in this process namely watering, weeding, fertilizing, pruning and binding. The highest outpouring of women's work time in tomato farming is in maintenance activities, especially in binding and pruning activities, which requires 2 days per harvest where the period of 1 harvest is 3 months 2 weeks. In household activities: women with families devote time per day to work for income (tomato farming) an average of 8.3 hours per day while for housework time is 4.58 and for other activities such as worship is 4.2 hours per week. Women in the research location played a dual role as breadwinners (taking care of farming tomatoes) and at the same time as housewives who have to prepare their family's needs before going to take care of tomatoes.*eprm*

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