Recovery of Nitrogen (15N) by Sugarcane from Previous Crop Residues and Urea Fertilisation Under a Minimum Tillage System

Sugar Tech ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fortes ◽  
P. C. O. Trivelin ◽  
A. C. Vitti ◽  
D. A. Ferreira ◽  
H. C. J. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System

scholarly journals Soil preparation and nutrient losses by erosion in the culture cucumber

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Nelson Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Fine Sediments

Minimum tillage reportedly reduce erosion, avoid soil degradation and improve crop productivity. This study aimed to determine how tillage operations may affect either nutrient accumulation or nutrient losses by erosion. The study was, carried out from December, 2000 to March, 2001, in the watershed of the Caetés River, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (22º25'43"S, 43º25'07"W). The experiment was set up in sandy clay Kandiudult soil, 60% slope, under cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crop. Soil samples were collected before planting and after harvest, on 22.0 X 4.0 m Greeoff plots. After each rainfall, fine sediments carried by runoff were deposited into two collecting tanks in a row, installed at the end of each plot, and were later dried, weighed and stored for analyses. Treatments (n = 4) were characterized by different tillage systems: (i) downhill plowing followed by the burning of crop residues (DPB); (ii) downhill plowing with no burning of the crop residues (DPNB); (iii) animal traction contour plowing, with strips of guinea grass planted at a spacing of 7.0 m (AT); and (iv) minimum tillage (MT). Samples of the soil-plowed layer were collected before planting and after harvest, between the rows and from the plants. Total concentration of Ca, Mg, K and P were determined after extraction with nitric perchloride digestion. Labile P and exchangeable K were extracted with the Mehlich 1 extractant solution. The MT system reduced losses of both exchangeable bases (15%) and P (8%), and affected the distribution of labile and organic P. Crop residues left on soil surface in the MT system, resulted in increased organic matter content. Downhill plowing, the most used tillage operation in the region, resulted in the greatest losses of Ca, Mg, K, and P.

scholarly journals Decomposition and nutrients cycling of residual biomass from integrated crop-livestock system

2019 ◽  
pp. 739-745
Author(s):  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso ◽  
Eloisa Mattei ◽  
, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nutrients Cycling ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Initial Content

The objective was to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release of biomass from maintenance of fallow or oat crop (IPR 126), managed in integrated crop-livestock, during the soybean crop cycle (85 days) in no tillage system in two years (2014 and 2015). The design was a randomized complete block in a subdivided plot scheme, with the parcel consisting of four plots (four straws, from fallow or oat cultivation) and the subplots (evaluation periods 0, 10, 35, 60 and 85 DAS) with the evaluation times throughout the crop cultivation soybean. The amount of biomass and the content of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn were calculated. The amount of biomass and nutrients presents a similar pattern of decrease in their values; however, the climatic conditions and the C/N ratio play an important role in the decomposition and mineralization of nutrients. The mineralized amount of N, K, P, Ca, Mg and Zn is directly proportional to their initial content in the biomass, and K nutrient is quickly released from crop residues. Most of the nutrients studied were released during the soybean crop development cycle, favoring its development; this can provide a reduction of external inputs in the property.

Utilization of N from Crop Residues in Oxisols and Ultisols

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Henri Talleyrand ◽  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
T. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Continuous Corn ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Plot Design

An attempt was made to evaluate the N supplied by crop residues through crop rotation experiments on Oxisols and Ultisols. Field experiments were conducted on three typical soils following a split-plot design. Main plots were three rotations: soybeans, corn , corn; fallow, corn, corn; and continuous corn. Subplots included two treatments: 0 and 110 kg/ha of fertilizer N. Fair yields of soybeans were obtained while corn yields were good, especially on the Humatas soil (Ultisol), 6240 kg/ha. Substantially higher yields were obtained in the Bayamón (Oxisol) and Humatas soils from the first corn crop following soybeans or corn than when following fallow. Although the second corn crop yield following soybeans was slightly higher than the first, the second corn crop after initial corn and fallow were substantially higher. The effect of applied N at all sites was striking, regardless of the previous crop. There was no apparent relationship between the amount of N returned to the soil and yields of subsequent corn crops.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals KOMPARASI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADA BEBERAPA KOMBINASI SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PERTANAMAN

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Ellys Yuliarti
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

This research was conducted in research station at Bogor Agricultural University from october 1992 to July 1993. It was aimed to compare income of farming system under various of land tillage and plant. Analysis of varian was applied to examine the influence of various tillage system the results showed that minimum tillage and conventional could decreser farmers income through in the second season monoculture and multicropping systems. Key words :comparative, farming income, tillage, and cropping

scholarly journals Bacterivorous Nematodes Correlate with Soil Fertility and Improved Crop Production in an Organic Minimum Tillage System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6730
Author(s):  
Jan H. Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Maria R. Finckh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Tillage System

Reduced nutrient mineralization rates under minimum tillage are usually compensated by mineral fertilizer application. These, however, cannot be applied in organic farming systems. We hypothesized that an organic minimum tillage system based on frequent cover cropping and application of dead mulch would improve soil fertility and compensate for the potential negative effects of minimum tillage. Two long-term field experiments were set up in 2010 and 2011 to compare plowing versus minimum tillage including the application of transferred mulch. A second factor, the application of compost versus mineral potassium and phosphorus, was also compared. In 2019, soils were analyzed for soil pH, organic carbon, macro- and micronutrients, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and total nematode abundance. In addition, performance of pea in the same soils was determined under greenhouse conditions. Across both experiments, macronutrients (+52%), micronutrients (+11%), microbial biomass (+51%), microbial activity (+86%), and bacterivorous nematodes (+112%) increased in minimum tillage compared to the plow-based system. In the greenhouse, pea biomass was 45% higher in the soil that had been subjected to minimum tillage compared to the plow. In conclusion, soil fertility can be improved in organic minimum tillage systems, which include intensive cover cropping and the application of dead mulch, over plow-based systems.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of spring wheat and soil properties as affected by tillage system

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woźniak ◽  
M. Gos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Ct System

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality of spring wheat and on selected chemical and biological properties of soil. The first order factor was the tillage system: (1) conventional (CT) &ndash; shallow ploughing and harrowing after harvest of the previous crop, and pre-winter ploughing; (2) reduced (RT) &ndash; only a cultivator after harvest of the previous crop, and (3) no-tillage (NT) &ndash; only Roundup 360 SL herbicide (a.s. glyphosate) after harvest of the previous crop. The second order factor was nitrogen dose: (1) 90 kg N/ha and (2) 150 kg N/ha. Higher yields were demonstrated for spring wheat sown in CT and RT systems, compared to the NT system. In addition, grain yield was increased by a nitrogen dose of&nbsp;150 kg/ha, compared to 90 kg/ha. Contents of protein and wet gluten in the grain were also increased by the higher nitrogen dose. The RT and NT systems were observed to increase the content of organic C, total N and available phosphorus in the soil, compared to the CT system. They also increased the number and mass of earthworms in the soil, compared to the CT system.

CONTROL OF WILD OAT WITH TRIALLATE IN A SPRING WHEAT CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CARLSON ◽  
L. A. MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Triallate granules were applied at 2.8 kg/ha without incorporation either immediately before or after planting into standing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Fielder’ and ’Dirkwin’) stubble. The triallate granules controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and resulted in increased spring wheat yield. Difenzoquat or diclofop-methyl application also increased wheat yields.Key words: Triallate, oat (wild), conservation tillage, minimum tillage, wheat (spring)

CULTIVO DO MILHO E DA SOJA EM SUCESSÃO AS CULTURAS DE SAFRINHA EM RIO VERDE-GO

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Wenderson Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Antonio Joaquim Braga Pereira Braz ◽  
Renato Lara de Assis ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Crop Succession ◽  
Plot Design

A cobertura do solo com palhadas contribui para a sustentabilidade das atividades agrícolas, onde os resíduos das culturas deixados na superfície do solo favorecem o rendimento das culturas em sucessão. O presente trabalho visou avaliar a produção de biomassa das culturas de safrinha, a decomposição da palhada e o efeito na produtividade das culturas da soja e milho, cultivadas em sucessão. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos no ano agrícola 2007/2008 em Rio Verde (GO), sendo um com soja e o outro com milho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, com os tratamentos (girassol, sorgo, milho, feijão, milheto, trigo e pousio com a vegetação espontânea); na safra de verão foram cultivadas com soja e milho. A cultura do milho cultivada em safrinha produziu maior volume de biomassa seca, tanto em sucessão ao milho quanto à soja, no verão. A maior produtividade do milho foi verificada sob a palhada do trigo, seguido do milheto e girassol. As palhadas que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de perdas na safrinha foram o milho, seguido pelo milheto, na área cultivada com milho na safra de verão. A produtividade da soja não foi influenciada pela palhada das plantas de cobertura na safrinha.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Resíduos culturais, Sistema de Plantio Direto, sucessão de culturas. CORN AND SOYBEAN CROPS CULTIVATION IN OFF-SEASON SUCESSION IN RIO VERDE - GOABSTRACT: The soil cover with straws contributes to the sustainability of agricultural activities, where crop residues left on the soil surface favors crop yields in succession. This study aimed to evaluate the biomass production of off-season crops, the decomposition of straw and the effect on productivity of soybean and corn grown cultivated in succession. Two experiments were conducted in the agricultural year 2007/2008 in Rio Verde (GO), one with soybeans and other with corn. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot design, with the following treatments: sunflower, sorghum, corn, beans, millet, wheat and fallow with spontaneous vegetation. The summer harvest were planted with soybeans and corn. The corn grown in off-season produced a greater volume of dry biomass, both in succession to corn, and to soybeans, in summer time. The highest grain yield was observed in the area covered with straw of wheat, followed by millet and sunflower. The straws that had the highest percentage of losses in the second crop was corn, followed by millet, in the area under maize in the summer harvest. Soybean yield was not influenced by mulching the cover crops in the off-season.KEYWORDS: Crop residues, tillage system, crop succession.

Effect of tillage system and crop sequence on irrigated sugarbeet production

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
J. Nitschelm ◽  
P. Regitnig ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are grown on intensively tilled-irrigated land in southern Alberta, which is subject to soil erosion by wind. Experiments were conducted on commercial fields near Burdett, AB, to determine the effect of the tillage system and previous crops on sugarbeet production. The previous crops were dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) and the tillage systems were conventional (moldboard plow, vibrashank cultivator, harrow, packer), minimum (double disc, self-cleaning harrow, glyphosate) or no tillage (glyphosate). After dry beans, sugarbeet fresh weight and extractable sugar yields were similar with all tillage systems. All of the tillage systems left less than 100 g m-2 of plant residue on the soil surface in the spring following dry beans, which is insufficient to protect the soil from wind erosion. After wheat, sugarbeet yields were similar with minimum and conventional tillage but lower with no tillage. Both minimum and no-tillage systems left sufficient plant residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion (> 200 g m-2). Sugarbeet stand density following wheat was lower with no tillage than conventional or minimum tillage, reflecting poor seed placement and daily maximum soil temperature (5 cm depth) of up to 10°C lower under no tillage than conventional tillage. After wheat, there was a trend toward lower densities of hard-seeded annuals, such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), after no tillage than conventional tillage. Of the cropping systems tested in this study, only the minimum tillage system after wheat provided optimum sugarbeet yield and left enough plant residue to protect the soil from wind erosion. Key words: Crop rotation, bean, wheat, sugarbeet, no-tillage

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