scholarly journals The Legacies of Tennis Champions Althea Gibson, Arthur Ashe, and the Williams Sisters Show the Persistence of America’s Race Obstacles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yven Destin ◽  
Ervin Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

AbstractBlack athletes have had to express a double consciousness of being American and being Black. By exploring the biographies of pioneering tennis figures—Althea Gibson, Arthur Ashe, and the Williams sisters—Venus and Serena—one can look at their encounters with racism and their quests for self-respect and explore the social implications of race in the USA. To understand race and its complications on the world in which black tennis players navigate, we broadly look at racial discrimination in their lives using the lens of sociological concepts such as “the color line” hypersegregation and “American Apartheid;” the controlling image thesis and respectability politics, and class mobility in and outside the black community. The concepts connect to illuminate the racial constructs and structures the players operated in and which shaped in the process of becoming a sports champion. Through their biographies, we argue that it is possible to interrogate the ways in which America’s longstanding racial policies, prejudices, and perspectives have had a persistent impact on not only the lives of black tennis players, but the lives of black Americans.

Trade Unionism: Differences and Similarities - a Comparative View on Europe, USA and Asia

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Strøby Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Parts

The article presents an outline of characteristics regarding trade unions in three different parts of the world, focusing on Europe, USA and Asia. The intention is to describe and discuss differences and similarities between trade unionism in these three parts of the world focusing on some selected countries. The conclusion in this article is that it is possible - on a very abstract and generalizing level - to identify some differences in the social and institutional basis of trade unions in Europe, Asia and the USA.

scholarly journals Covid-19 transmission dynamics during the unlock phase and significance of testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Paul ◽  
Samrat Chatterjee ◽  
Nandadulal Bairagi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lower Growth Rate

The pandemic disease Covid-19 caused by SARS-COV-2, which emerged from Wuhan, China, has established itself as the most devastating disease in the history of infectious disease, affecting 216 countries/territories across the world. Different countries have developed and adopted various policies to contain this epidemic and the most common were the social distancing and lockdown. Though some countries have come out of this pandemic, the infection is still increasing and remains very serious in the rest of the world. Even when the disease is not under control, many countries have withdrawn the lockdown and going through the phase-wise unlocking process, causing a further increment in the infection rate. In such a scenario, the role of the undetected class of infected individuals has become very crucial. The present study is an attempt to understand and estimate the possible epidemic burden during the unlock phase in the presence of an undetected class. We proposed a modified SEIR model and dissected the epidemiological status of different countries with the available data. With the initial establishment of the model with the epidemic data of four countries, which have already attained the epidemic peak, the study focused more on countries like India and the USA, where the epidemic curve is still growing, but the unlock process has started. As a straightforward result, we noticed a significant increase in the undetected and detected infected cases under the ongoing unlock phase. Under such conditions, our recalibration exercise showed that an increase in the testing could revert the existing growth rate of the infected cases to the lower growth rate of the lockdown period. Our present study emphasizes on the implementation of 3T principles, trace, test, and treat, to contain the epidemic. The significance of large scale testing in controlling the epidemic is true for both India and the USA though they have different socio-economic conditions. The use of repurposing drugs may further decrease the infected cases and help the disease controlling process. We believe our proposed strategy obtained through a mathematical model will help to make a better policy for the unlock phase.

Representation and the problem of bibliographic imagination on Wikipedia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Luyt
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social World ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Blind Spots

Purpose The astonishing thing about Wikipedia is that despite the way it is produced, the product is as good as it is and not far worse. But this is no reason for complacency. As others have documented, Wikipedia has representational blind spots, produced by the nature of its editorial community and their discursive conventions. This article wishes to look at the potential effect of sources on certain of these blind spots.Design/methodology/approach The author used an extended example, the Wikipedia article on the Philippine–American War, to illustrate the unfortunate effects that accompany a lack of attention to the kind of sources used to produce narratives for the online encyclopaedia. The Philippine–American War article was chosen because of its importance to American history. The war brought to the fore a debate over the future of the USA and the legitimacy of a republic acquiring overseas colonies. It remains controversial today, making it essential that its representation on Wikipedia is soundly constructed.Findings Inattention to sources (a lack of bibliographical imagination) produces representational anomalies. Certain sources are privileged when they should not be and others are ignored or considered as sub-standard. Overall, the epistemological boundaries of the article in terms of what the editorial community considers reliable and what the community of scholars producing knowledge about the war think as reliable do not overlap to the extent that they should. The resulting narrative is therefore less rich than it otherwise could be.Originality/value While there exists a growing literature on the representational blind spots of Wikipedia (gender, class, geographical region and so on), the focus has been on the composition of the demographics of the editorial community. But equally important to the problem of representation are the sources used by that community. Much literature has been written that seeks to portray the social world of the marginalized, but it is not used on Wikipedia, despite it easily meeting the criteria for reliability set by the Wikipedia community. This is a tragic oversight that makes Wikipedia's aim to be a repository for the knowledge of the world, a laudable goal to strive for, even if in reality unobtainable, even harder to achieve than ever.

Formation des classes, luttes populaires et discours religieux au Nicaragua

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Guzman Garcia ◽  
Maria Puente de Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Social Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nomic Structure

The article describes in the first part the constitution of the social classes in Nicaragua. In the first periode, after Indepen dence till the 1850ies, the major groups were constituted by a class of owners of cattle (ganaderos) and another one of peasants. Cof fee plantation introduced Nicaragua into the world capitalist eco nomic structure, but this became more acute still after the intro duction of cotton in the 1950ies. The international importance of the region has been underlined by the frequent interventions of the USA in the country, considered as a part of its zone of secu rity. The US marines left Nicaragua only after the organization of the Guarda Nacional, headed by Somoza. After 45 years of dicta torship, the regime was overthrown by a coalition of popular for ces, organized by the Sandinist Front and a part of the bourgeoisie (conservative and liberal).

scholarly journals Promotion Strategies Are Useful in Adult Learners Examining Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination in Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Saliza Ramli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
American History ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promotion Strategies

As we enter the post-covid19 pandemic and all the social uprisings and awareness of 2020 and 2022, perhaps there has never been a time in American history where students and educators at all levels need to consider and adapt more effective and innovative approaches to addressing the ‘elephant in the American – room’ and that being the issue of racism. This paper presents meaningful teaching strategies for adult learners in examining the dark impacts of racism towards African Americans in the United States.

The Cost of China`s Economic Success

2007 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
V. Gelbras
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High Price ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost

China has achieved great results in economic growth. But the country has had to pay a high price for them. Slowing dynamics of the domestic market, growing gap in the social and economic development of regions, impoverishment of its rural population are a small number of existing problems caused by China’s attempts to catch up with the world leader - the USA.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM 1960S – 1970S: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF THE HOUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Yablonskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Free Press ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
1960S And 1970S

The article reproduces the problems and challenges of the time of Ukrainian journalism in exile on the basis of reports and discussions of congresses of Ukrainian journalists in the USA and Canada, discussion of the Code of Ethics of Ukrainian Journalists, and publications of the 1960s and 1970s. In particular, the research focus is on the conceptual reports of V. Sofroniv-Levytsky and A. Dragan, delivered at the First Congress of Ukrainian Journalists of America and Canada. V. Sofroniv-Levytsky's speech considers methodological issues of social responsibility of Ukrainian journalism. A. Dragan formulated the Code of Principles for Editorial Commentators and the Code of Ethics for Journalists. Numerous analytical publications of the Ukrainian Journalist magazine addressed current issues of Ukrainian journalism in the diaspora, including ideological dominance and ties with soviet Ukraine. In particular, N. Ripetsky singled out the idea of the World Federation of Ukrainian Journalists. V. Davydenko, O. Zinkevych, A. Ivakhniuk and others analyzed problematic aspects of journalistic ethics. The problems of the new generation of journalists in the Ukrainian press of the diaspora are discussed in the publications of O. Kuzmovich, G. Matkovska, A. Shul, and others. The key tasks of the Ukrainian press in the diaspora are comprehended in O. Pitlyar's articles ("Ukrainian free press and its tasks"), in the articles of I. Durbak ("What is the Ukrainian press for?", "Mission and responsibility of the Ukrainian press"). I. Durbak believes that the press should cover such topical issues as mixed marriages, work with children and youth, the life of the Ukrainian community in different countries, etc. The relevance of the world of Viry Ke about the need for the function of professionally specialized periodicals is respected; about the social opinion of the journalist; about the ethical aspects of the practical journalist (article "Journalist"). I. Kedryn regarded the idea of Ukrainian statehood as the main mission of the social vocation of the Ukrainian free press. Developing L. Myshuga's theory of "two homelands", the researcher believes that the Ukrainian English-language press is also subordinated to this idea (article "On the problems of the press and journalism").

scholarly journals Rola kultury hip-hop w kształtowaniu się tożsamości młodzieży – wybrane konteksty

2018 ◽  
pp. 457-467
Author(s):  
Monika Bieńkowska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Youth Subculture

This article was developed on the basis of my master’s thesis on hip-hop culture as a factor shaping young people’s identity. In today’s world, young people are increasingly looking for ways to express themselves and their values, which may be associated with belonging to different types of subcultures. Growing individuals manifest their independence by disagreeing with the surrounding reality and defying the prevailing social principles. It seems appropriate to belong to a chosen youth subculture. I will devote my attention to the subculture originating among the black Americans, namely the hip-hop subculture. The rap environment is very often associated with a pejorative phenomenon, vulgarisms, blockers derived from the social margin. In today’s times, in the era of ubiquitous openness and availability of mass media, in the consumer-oriented environment, hip-hop has become a part of the lives of most young, adolescent audiences. The article will also present the development of hip-hop culture in Poland and around the world, as well as the effects that it brought in the process of shaping the identity of young people.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN ÉMIGRÉS – PHOTOGRAPHERS IN THE USA: PATH TO ART AND BUSINESS (1930s-1960s)

Articult ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Main Factors

The article is devoted to the Russian diaspora in the USA as one of the centers for the development of photography as an art and a type of private enterprise. The author examines the destinies and creative heritage of the leading masters of photography in Russian America, revealing their interaction with the world of innovative art of the Russian artistic emigration. The author's hypothesis is that the main factors of the outstanding achievements of the leading figures of Russian-American photographic art were the synthesis of artistic and aesthetic innovations of European and Russian art, perceived or directly created by Russian émigré photographers in the 1920s, and the capabilities of the American publishing industry, the ability of its leaders to take creative experimentation and commercial risk for future success. The article also examines the social environment and personalities of the development of photography as a service sector, which has become an integral part of the life of the Russian diaspora in the USA in the twentieth century.

Abortion in the world: statistical update (for thirty countries) with particular attention for United States of America

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-886
Author(s):  
Ermenegildo Spaziante
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The problem of procured abortion is still very actual. The Author has continued to outline the planetary dimensions, and now refers to a statistical study of the incidence of the abortion phenomenon in the United States of America. The placing of the U.S.A in the classification of the incidence of induced abortion within thirty countries of the world is identified, in relation to the natal rate and the consistency of the population. The comparison of the statistical data of the last twenty years among the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Italy is presented. A specific examination is made for the 50 States of the USA from a statistical point of view, and as a comparative analysis of some socio-economic factors. A significant framework emerges of the analogies and differences between the various States of the USA Federation. The Author presents some ethical and social considerations, wishing for a programmed intervention that is co-ordinated and efficient to contain this “sore of the social body”, as well as the perspective that the USA, which has suffered historically from the serious problem of slavery, should spread the ideal of freedom and human dignity in the world. It is also hoped that there can be a similar movement towards a higher respect, and greater and more systematic help for the new life, as a subject for the recognition as a conceived human being with the natural right to the protection of its life, for progress in the civil and humanitarian conscience.

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