scholarly journals Addition of recyclable biochar, compost and fibre clay to the growth medium layer for the cover system of mine tailings: a bioassay in a greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heiskanen ◽  
Marleena Hagner ◽  
Hanna Ruhanen ◽  
Kari Mäkitalo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Medium Layer ◽  
Cover Systems

Abstract Mine closures require landscape reclamation to reduce the environmental risks of tailings fields. However, information about the feasibility of recyclable waste materials as a growth medium layer for the cover systems of mine tailings and their effects on vegetation restoration and reforestation success is scant especially in the boreal climate. This study examines the use of various recyclable by-products in improving vegetation success on reclaimed mine tailings. The physical and chemical properties of two wood biochar types, fibre clay, compost, tailings soil and forest till soil as well as their effects as growth media on the growth of several plant species during one growing period in a greenhouse were examined. Marked differences in the properties (e.g. pH, element concentrations, water retention) as well as in plant growth among the growth media were found. Fresh non-oxidized tailings soil showed high salt contents and electrical conductivity which together with fine soil texture provided the poorest or nonexistent plant growth. Fibre clay was the coarsest and driest material and also showed poor plant growth. Root and shoot growth was greatest in pure compost. All media without compost additive showed relatively poor growth which indicates the lack of nitrogen. The results suggest that forest till soil and biochar are the most suitable growth media for the cover systems of mine tailings when added with compost or another nitrogen source. Scots pine container seedlings, willow cuttings and sown red clover showed to be the most feasible plant species to be grown on boreal tailings covers.

scholarly journals The Potential for Lunar and Martian Regolith Simulants to Sustain Plant Growth: A Multidisciplinary Overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Giuseppe Duri ◽  
Antonio Giandonato Caporale ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Simona Vingiani ◽  
Mario Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Martian Regolith

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are conceived of and developed so as to provide food sources for crewed missions to the Moon or Mars. The in situ resource utilization (ISRU) approach aims to reduce terrestrial input into a BLSS by using native regoliths and recycled organic waste as primary resources. The combination of BLSS and ISRU may allow sustainable food production on Moon and Mars. This task poses several challenges, including the effects of partial gravity, the limited availability of oxygen and water, and the self-sustaining management of resources. Lunar and Martian regoliths are not available on Earth; therefore, space research studies are conducted on regolith simulants that replicate the physicochemical properties of extra-terrestrial regoliths (as assessed in situ by previous missions). This review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and mineralogical composition of commercially available Lunar and Martian regolith simulants. Subsequently, it describes potential strategies and sustainable practices for creating regolith simulants akin to terrestrial soil, which is a highly dynamic environment where microbiota and humified organic matter interact with the mineral moiety. These strategies include the amendment of simulants with composted organic wastes, which can turn nutrient-poor and alkaline crushed rocks into efficient life-sustaining substrates equipped with enhanced physical, hydraulic, and chemical properties. In this regard, we provide a comprehensive analysis of recent scientific works focusing on the exploitation of regolith simulant-based substrates as plant growth media. The literature discussion helps identify the main critical aspects and future challenges related to sustainable space farming by the in situ use and enhancement of Lunar and Martian resources.

Effect of Sulfate on Selenium Uptake and Chemical Speciation in Convolvulus arvensis L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cruz-Jímenez ◽  
Jose R. Peralta-Videa ◽  
Guadalupe de la Rosa ◽  
George Meitzner ◽  
Jason G. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Se Uptake

Environmental Context. Selenium (Se) is one of the most serious problems confronted in agricultural soils derived from Se-containing rocks. This metalloid, an essential nutrient for animals and humans, may be toxic at relatively low concentrations. Se removal from soil and water using plants is a promising alternative to traditional chemical or electrochemical techniques. However, very few plant species are able to accumulate Se at high concentrations. Since Se and sulfur (S) have similar chemical properties, sulfate (SO42−) in the plant growth media may interfere in the process of Se uptake by plants. Thus, plant species able to uptake more Se than S when both elements are present are desired for Se phytoremediation purposes. Abstract. Hydroponic experiments were performed to study several aspects of Se uptake by C. arvensis plants. Ten day old seedlings were exposed for eight days to different combinations of selenate (SeO42−), sulfate (SO42−), and selenite (SeO32−). The results showed that in C. arvensis, SO42− had a negative effect (P < 0.05) on SeO42− uptake. However, a positive interaction produced a significant increase in SO42− uptake when SeO42− was at high concentration in the media. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that C. arvensis plants converted more than 70% of the supplied SeO32− into organoselenium compounds. However, only approximately 50% of the supplied SeO42− was converted into organoselenium species while the residual 50% remained in the inorganic form. Analysis using LC-XANES fittings confirmed that the S metabolic pathway was affected by the presence of Se. The main Se compounds that resembled those Se species identified in C. arvensis were Se-cystine, Se-cysteine, SeO32−, and SeO42−, whereas for S the main compounds were cysteine, cystine, oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione, and SO42−. The results of these studies indicated that C. arvensis could be considered as a possible option for the restoration of soil moderately contaminated with selenium even in the presence of sulfate.

scholarly journals BIOKIMIAWI RIZOSFER BIBIT ROTAN PADA PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DARI SUMBER BERBEDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Lisa Indriani ◽  
Muhammad Basir Chio ◽  
Aiyen Tjoa ◽  
Andri Tanra Tellu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
System Application ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Rhizosphere Ph ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Environment Condition

Root and soil interactions will alter the biochemical status of the rhizosphere, the acquisition of nutrients and impacted to plant growth. The biochemical of the rhizosphere is strongly influenced by the agriculture input e.g. fertilizer, herbicides and farm management system. Application of fertilizers, their effects are robust and difficult tobe quantified. The effect of fertilizer on the biochemical status rhizosphere and plant growth is different depending on the type of fertilizers, growth media, plant species, and also the environment condition, while the effect on plants will be specific to each plant. This research investigated on the effect of N inorganic fertilizer inputs from two sources namely Urea (CO(NH2)2) and Ammonium Sulfate or ZA ((NH4)2.SO4), and different fertilization method (homogenous and localized). Experiments showed application of N-Urea and N-ZA fertilizers reduced the rhizosphere pH until 1,4 point. However, acidity of the rhizosphere reduced microorganism colonies and respiration rate.

scholarly journals Insights on Molecular Characteristics of Hydrochars by 13C-NMR and Off-Line TMAH-GC/MS and Assessment of Their Potential Use as Plant Growth Promoters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís G. Fregolente ◽  
João Vitor dos Santos ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
Alessandro Piccolo ◽  
Altair B. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Potential Use

Hydrochar is a carbon-based material that can be used as soil amendment. Since the physical-chemical properties of hydrochar are mainly assigned to process parameters, we aimed at evaluating the organic fraction of different hydrochars through 13C-NMR and off-line TMAH-GC/MS. Four hydrochars produced with sugarcane bagasse, vinasse and sulfuric or phosphoric acids were analyzed to elucidate the main molecular features. Germination and initial growth of maize seedlings were assessed using hydrochar water-soluble fraction to evaluate their potential use as growth promoters. The hydrochars prepared with phosphoric acid showed larger amounts of bioavailable lignin-derived structures. Although no differences were shown about the percentage of maize seeds germination, the hydrochar produced with phosphoric acid promoted a better seedling growth. For this sample, the greatest relative percentage of benzene derivatives and phenolic compounds were associated to hormone-like effects, responsible for stimulating shoot and root elongation. The reactions parameters proved to be determinant for the organic composition of hydrochar, exerting a strict influence on molecular features and plant growth response.

Hemp Shives as Natural Amendments in Crops of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Alina Stingu ◽  
Corneliu Tanase ◽  
Valentin I. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using hemp shives as natural amendments in a phytoremediation sequence. Thus, plant growth tests were conducted for rapeseed (Brassica napus) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) in vegetation pots with sandy soil. These were seeded in a cadmium artificial contaminated environment with or without hemp shives. The efficiency of hemp shives as natural amendments was evaluated after 40 days of initiating experimental model, by evaluation of plant growth and development of plants through biometric and gravimetric measurements. Also, the concentration of assimilatory pigments was determined. In order to establish bioaccumulation capacity, degree of recovery and translocation factor, it was determined the concentration of cadmium metal ions absorbed in various parts of rapeseed and flax plants. It has been found that the development of the root system is more pronounced in the presence of hemp shives both in contamination with cadmium ions and in the absence. By determining cadmium concentrations accumulate in various parts of the plant have been shown that supplementing growth media with hemp shives, improves the bioaccumulation process of cadmium ions. According to the results, the hemp shives can be used as amendments in phytoremediation process, enhancing bioaccumulation process.

scholarly journals Soilless Plant Growth Media Influence the Efficacy of Phytohormones and Phytohormone Inhibitors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e107689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman B. Best ◽  
Thomas Hartwig ◽  
Joshua S. Budka ◽  
Brandon J. Bishop ◽  
Elliot Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Growth Media
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