scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of powdered and granular activated carbon from Palmae biomass for mercury removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davidson Egirani ◽  
Mohd T. Latif ◽  
Napoleon Wessey ◽  
Nanfe . R. Poyi ◽  
Nabila Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Ion Removal

AbstractTwo forms of activated carbon (i.e., granular and powdered forms) used to test mercury removal in solution. These activated carbons were obtained from the shells of a palmae biomass and used in mercury ion removal in aquatic systems. The African palmae shell taken out from a broadly and simply full-fledged palm tree. This biomass serves as a precursor in the formulation of activated carbons not documented. The powdered and granular fractions of activated carbons described for chemical composition, isoelectric point, and surface area. The mechanism of reactions and the kinetics involved were studied using the results of protonation and rate limitations. The parameters used in the batch mode study included pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate and the dose of the activated carbons. A comparison of performances, contact time demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency of 93% for the powdered activated carbon and 92% for the granular activated carbon. The dosage recorded the lowest adsorption efficiency of 84% using granular activated carbon. Comparatively, this study brought to the fore that activated carbon derived from the Plamae biomass remains a novel bio-sorbent

scholarly journals Adsorption of Fluoride Ion onto Zirconyl-Impregnated Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Mandira Adhikari ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption

The potentials of activated carbon derived from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaries) seed stone after impregnation with zirconium for adsorptive removal of fluoride is presented. Activated carbons from Lapsi seed stone were prepared by three different techniques. Firstly by directly burning in limited supply of air, secondly by treating with a mixture of conc. H2SO4 and HNO3 (in the ratio of 1:1 by weight) and thirdly by activation with zinc chloride (in the ratio of 1:1 by weight) followed by carbonization at 400°C and 500°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Thus prepared carbons were impregnated with zirconyl oxychloride and effects of pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time and adsorbate concentration for the removal of fluoride were evaluated by batch mode. The optimum pH for adsorption of fluoride was observed at pH 3-4, and a minimum contact time for the maximum defluoridation was found to be 180 min. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. Zirconium impregnation increased the fluoride adsorption capacity of carbon to considerable extent. Among carbon prepared by three different techniques, the carbon prepared from zinc chloride activation followed by carbonization showed relatively higher fluoride adsorption capacity. From the experiment it is concluded that activated carbon prepared from Lapsi seed is an efficient, low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon for defluoridation of water.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9330Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  13-23 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013    

scholarly journals Removalof Cephalexin From Aqueous Solutions Using Magnesium Oxide/Granular Activated Carbon Hybrid Photocatalytic Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi ◽  
Mina Bahrami ◽  
Sana Omari ◽  
Fateme Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Photocatalytic Process ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Batch Mode

In the present study, magnesium oxide/granular activated carbon (MgO/GAC) composite as a catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method and its catalytic potential was investigated in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for the removal of cephalexin (CLX) in a batch mode reactor. Then, the characterization of the MgO/GAC composite was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Next, the effect of operational parameters was evaluated, including the pH of the solution (3-11), the dosage of composite (1-6 g/L), initial CLX concentration (20-100 mg/L), and contact time (10-60 minutes). The maximum CLX degradation with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L was as high as 98% at pH=3, 4 g/L of MgO/GAC composite with UV irradiation within 60-minute contact time. In addition, the removal process of CLX could be described by the pseudofirst-order kinetic. Further, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate were 78% and, 62.3% in optimum conditions, respectively. The results indicated that the UV/MgO/GAC hybrid photocatalytic process can be considered as an efficient alternative for treating the wastewater containing CLX.

scholarly journals Removal of selected pesticides by adsorption

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Valičková ◽  
Ján Derco ◽  
Katarína Šimovičová
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides

Abstract The paper is focused on the removal of selected priority hazardous substances. Five chlorinated pesticides, i.e. hexachlorobenzene (HCHB), hexachlorobutadiene (HCHBD), lindane (LIN), pentachlorobenzene (PCHB) and heptachlor (HCH) were selected as model pollutants. Higher volatility is characteristic for these substances. Adsorption of these pollutants on granular activated carbon (GAC), zeolite (Zeo) and activated sludge (AS) was investigated. The effect of contact time on the removal efficiency of studied substances was investigated. From results of the work it follows that the highest removal efficiency of studied substances was achieved by the adsorption on activated sludge. This was followed by adsorption efficiency on zeolite. The lowest removal efficiency was measured for adsorption on granular activated carbon.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of andisol-zeolite-fly ash-activated carbon (AZFC) as potential adsorbent for metal ion removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Agus Bambang Haryanto ◽  
Ari Handono Ramelan ◽  
MTh Sri Budiastuti ◽  
Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Ion Removal ◽  
Ion Removal

PFAS treatment with granular activated carbon and ion exchange resin: Comparing chain length, empty bed contact time, and cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 102342
Author(s):  
Conner C. Murray ◽  
Robert E. Marshall ◽  
Charlie J. Liu ◽  
Hooman Vatankhah ◽  
Christopher L. Bellona
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Empty Bed Contact Time

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

scholarly journals Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar M. Shrestha ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Imre Varga ◽  
Amar P. Yadav ◽  
Bhadra P. Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

Activated carbons were prepared from Lapsi seed stone by the treatment with H2SO4 and HNO3 for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two activated carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc.H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of Ni(II) ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbons was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxyl, lactones and phenols in the carbons. The optimum pH for nickel adsorption is found to be 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 28.25.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 69.49 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Ni (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10680Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 166–174

scholarly journals Adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals on activated carbons from water

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lach ◽  
Anna Szymonik ◽  
Agnieszka Ociepa-Kubicka
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Kinetics Equation ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption From Solutions ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Treated Sewage

The possibility of using activated carbon for the removal of salicylic acid andiibuprofen sodium has been explored. These compounds are observed in crude and treated sewage and in surface water. The effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency was assessed. Tests were carried out from solutions with pH ranging from 2 to 10 (salicylic acid) and from 6 to 10 (iibuprofen sodium). It was found that the higher pH, the lower the adsorption of the compounds tested. Salicylic acid was most efficiently adsorbed from a solution with pH = 2, in which it occurred mainly in an undissociated form. The achieved efficiency of salicylic acid adsorption from solutions with pH=2 was 91%, while from those with pH=10, it was 55% (Co=4 mmol/L). The efficiency of removing ibuprofen sodium from the pH=6 solution was 64%, while from the pH = 10 solution, 60%.The adsorption of both salicylic acid and ibuprofen sodium follows the kinetics equation of the pseudo-2nd order. For the description of the adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubibin-Radushkevich models were employed. The both compounds are described with the highest correlation coefficient in the case of the Freundlich equation.

scholarly journals Ricinus CommunisPericarp Activated Carbon Used as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Ni(II) From Aqueous Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Madhavakrishnan ◽  
K. Manickavasagam ◽  
K. Rasappan ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Initial Ph

Activated carbon prepared from Ricinus communis Pericarp was used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode adsorption experiments are carried out by varying contact time, metal-ion concentration, carbon concentration and pH to assess kinetic and equilibrium parameters. The adsorption data were modeled by using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity (Qo) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 31.15 mg/g of activated carbon at initial pH of 5.0±0.2 for the particle size 125-250 µm.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from albizia saman pod

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
G. D. Akpen ◽  
M. I. Aho ◽  
N. Baba
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Temperature Surface

Activated carbon was prepared from the pods of Albizia saman for the purpose of converting the waste to wealth. The pods were thoroughly washed with water to remove any dirt, air- dried and cut into sizes of 2-4 cm. The prepared pods were then carbonised in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 4000C, 5000C, 6000C ,7000C and 8000C for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively. Activation was done using impregnationratios of 1:12, 1:6, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 respectively of ZnCl2 to carbonised Albizia saman pods by weight. The activated carbon was then dried in an oven at 1050C before crushing for sieve analysis. The following properties of the produced Albizia saman pod activated carbon (ASPAC) were determined: bulk density, carbon yield, surface area and ash, volatile matter and moisture contents. The highest surface area of 1479.29 m2/g was obtained at the optimum impregnation ratio, carbonization time and temperature of 1:6, 60 minutes and 5000C respectively. It was recommended that activated carbon should be prepared from Albizia saman pod with high potential for adsorption of pollutants given the high surface area obtained.Keywords: Albizia saman pod, activated carbon, carbonization, temperature, surface area

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