scholarly journals Evaluation of drilling muds enhanced with modified starch for HPHT well applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon ◽  
Sarah Abidemi Akintola ◽  
Mohd Adam Bin Mohd Johari ◽  
Sunday Oloruntoba Isehunwa
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Modified Starches ◽  
Drilling Muds

Abstract The use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in oil and gas well drilling operations has improved the filtration loss and mud cake properties of drilling muds. The introduction of starch has also reduced, for example, the viscosity, fluid loss, and mud cake properties of the  drilling fluids. However, normal starch has some drawbacks such as low shear stress resistance, thermal decomposition, high retrogradation, and syneresis. Hence, starch modification, achieved through acetylation and carboxymethylation, has been introduced to overcome these limitations. In this study, modified starches, from cassava and maize, were used to enhance the properties of water-based muds under high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions, and their performances were compared with that of the CMC. The mud samples added with acetylated cassava or maize starch exhibited the smallest filtrate volumes and filtrate losses within the American Petroleum Institute specification. Therefore, these modified starch-added muds could replace CMC as fluid loss agents since, unlike it, they can withstand HPHT conditions.

Effect of Nanofluids of CuO and ZnO in Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone on the Thermal, Electrical, and Filtration-Loss Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaminathan Ponmani ◽  
R.. Nagarajan ◽  
Jitendra S. Sangwai
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Oilfield Operations

Summary The challenges in drilling problems such as formation damage, pipe sticking, lost circulation, poor hole cleaning, and fluid loss need better solutions. Nanotechnology, by means of nanofluids, provides potential solutions for the development of improved water-based mud (WBM). This work presents the use of nanofluids of CuO and ZnO prepared in various base fluids, such as xanthan gum, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which are commonly used in oilfield operations, for the development of nanofluid-enhanced drilling mud (NWBM). In this paper, formulations of various nanofluids with varying concentrations of nanoparticles, such as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%, were investigated for their effect on the thermal, electrical, and fluid-loss properties of NWBM. In addition, these results also were compared with those obtained with microfluids of CuO and ZnO for the microfluid-enhanced drilling mud (MWBM) to understand the effect of particle size. It is observed that the use of nanofluids in WBM helps to improve their thermal properties, with an associated direct impact on their cooling efficiency at downhole and surface conditions compared with those using microfluid. Filtration-loss and filter-cake-thickness studies on WBM, MWBM, and NWBM were also carried out with an American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press. It is observed that the fluid loss decreases with addition of the nanofluids and microfluids in WBM, with nanofluids showing an improved efficacy over microfluids. The studies, in general, bear testimony to the efficacy of nanofluids in the development of next-generation improved water-based drilling fluids suitable for efficient drilling.

Experimental Analysis of Persea americana as Filtration Loss Control Additive for Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Igwilo ◽  
Emeka Emmanuel Okoro ◽  
Okorie Agwu ◽  
Christopher Onedibe ◽  
Sabinus I. Ibeneme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Cake Thickness ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Loss Control

Persea Americana is well known for its short shelf life while the seed is widely considered a waste material by domestic consumers and industry processors. This paper presents the results of the study carried out to evaluate the possibility of using three parts of the Persea Americana namely: its seed, a combination of the Persea Americana seed and its pulp and the Persea Americana pulp as filtration loss control additives in a non-aqueous drilling fluid while using Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate as a control. The evaluation was conducted under high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) static filtration test conditions (at 250°F and 500 psi) based on American Petroleum Institute Standard. From the study, the result showed that all three samples from the Persea Americana fruit showed good potential to control filtration loss when used to formulate a synthetic oil based mud. The filtration control capacity increased as their concentration in the mud was increased. However, in comparison, the pulp was 2.5 times and 1.5 times more efficient in controlling filtration loss when compared to the seed only and the seed and pulp combination respectively. Also, in terms of filtrate volume and filtered cake thickness, an equal concentration of Sodium Asphalt Sulfonate and the proposed additive gave good results; but the existing filtration loss control additive is slightly better than the proposed one. The low fluid loss volumes recorded with Persea Americana as fluid loss additives at HPHT conditions is an indication of its stability at elevated temperature conditions. The cake thickness was thin, impermeable and 1mm in size for all the samples of the Persea Americana. This meets the API requirement of mud cake thickness of less than 2mm.

Utilizing Food Waste Product (Date Tree Seeds) to Enhance the Filtration Characteristics in Water-Based Drilling Fluid System: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo Taleb T. Al-Hameedi ◽  
Husam H. Alkinani ◽  
Mohammed M. Alkhamis ◽  
Shari Dunn-Norman
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Practically, to regulate filtration characteristics of drilling fluid, non-biodegradable materials used commonly have a high cost with side effects on personnel safety and the environment. Hence, eco-friendly additives are needed as an alternative to replace or at least support the commonly used filtration control agents. This experimental investigation examines the possibility of using date tree seeds’ powder (DTSP), as a new eco-friendly fluid loss agent. Under surface and sub-surface conditions (fresh and aged conditions), experiments were executed utilizing low-temperature and low-pressure (LTLP) and high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press to comprehend the influence of DTSP on the seepage loss characteristics. The findings were compared with a commonly utilized chemical additive to regulate filtration characteristics of drilling fluid (low viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-LV)). Two concentrations of DTSP and CMC-LV were added separately to a reference fluid (RF) to understand the effect of concentration variations on filtration properties. The findings revealed that both DTSP and CMC-LV significantly improved the filtrate and the filter cake when comparing them with the RF under fresh and aged conditions. The findings for fresh conditions also showed that LTLP filtration measurements for CMC-LV additives had almost similar performance as DTSP additives, while HTHP filtration measurements exhibited that the two concentrations of DTSP additives were marginally better than those of CMC-LV additives. For aged conditions, CMC-LV additives were relatively more efficient than DTSP additives for LTLP filtration control experiments. However, DTSP additives were more efficient in improving the filtration characteristics as compared to CMC-LV additives for HTHP filtration control experiments. These results are in aid of shifting the oil and gas industry from using conventional harmful additives to using unconventional eco-friendly additives. This also helps in transforming unwanted food wastes into valuable commercial products, which can revolutionize the domestic and international industries and create new job opportunities, hence minimizing the total cost of drilling fluid and the wastes disposed to the environment.

scholarly journals Utilization of metakaolin-based geopolymer as a mud-cake solidification agent to enhance the bonding strength of oil well cement–formation interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191230
Author(s):  
Yuhuan Bu ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Jiapei Du ◽  
Shenglai Guo ◽  
Huajie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Mud Cake ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Zonal Isolation

This research work designed a novel mud-cake solidification method to improve the zonal isolation of oil and gas wells. The calculation methodology of mud-cake compressive strength was proposed. The optimal formula of activator and solid precursors, the proper activating time and the best activator concentration were determined by the compressive strength test. The effects of solid precursors on the properties of drilling fluid were evaluated. Test results show that the respective percentage of bentonite, metakaolin, slag and activator is 1 : 1 : 0.3 : 0.8, as well as the optimum ratio of Na 2 SiO 3 /NaOH is 40 : 1. The optimum concentration of activator is 0.21 and the activating time should be more than 10 min. The solid precursors did not show any bad influence on the rheological property of drilling fluids. Even though the compressive strength decreased when the solid precursors blended with barite, the strength values can still achieve 8 MPa. The reaction of metakaolin and activator formed cross-link structure in the mud-cake matrix, which enhanced the connection of the loose bentonite particles, lead to the significant enhancement of shear bonding strength and hydraulic bonding strength. This mud-cake solidification method provides a new approach to improve the quality of zonal isolation.

Evaluation of Constitutive Equation for Stress in Solids in Porous Media Composed of Bridging Agents Used in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1878-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Arantes Moreira ◽  
Flávia Cristina Assis Silva ◽  
Larissa dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Arouca ◽  
João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
The Stability

During oil well drilling processes in reservoir-rocks, the drilling fluid invades the formation, forming a layer of particles called filter cake. The formation of a thin filter cake and low permeability helps to control the drilling operation, ensuring the stability of the well and reducing the fluid loss of the liquid phase in the interior of the rocks. The empirical determination of the constitutive equation for the stress in solids is essential to evaluate the filtration and filter cake formation in drilling operations, enabling the operation simulation. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between the porosity and stress in solids of porous media composed of bridging agents used in drilling fluids. The concentration distribution in sediments was determined using a non-destructive technique based on the measure of attenuated gamma rays. The procedure employed in this study avoids the use of compression-permeability cell for the sediment characterization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of environment friendly micro-ionized litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a fluid loss control agent in water-based drilling fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Munmun Bhattacharya ◽  
Ashok Raina ◽  
Man Mohan Gusain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Loss Control

AbstractThis work investigates the efficacy of a biodegradable natural product, litchi leaves powder (LLP) as a filtration loss control agent in the water-based drilling fluid formulations. In order to evaluate the potential of litchi leaves powder (LLP), a strict protocol of experimentations according to API (American Petroleum Institute) standard has been followed. The experimental outcome showed that before hot rolling and after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C it was observed that 3–5% Concentration of LLP significantly increased the rheological parameters such as PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluid as compared to reference mud. Also, LLP reformed the filtration loss control characterization, suggesting a better biodegradable fluid loss reducing agent. After hot rolling at 100 °C for 18 h, the water-based drilling fluid with LLP as an additive showed a marked reduction in filtration control property as compared to reference Mud (RM). Experimental results concluded that 5% concentration of LLP significantly reduced the filtration loss of drilling fluid by 70.6% as compared to reference mud under the influence of 100 psi pressure. However, the conventional fluid loss additive CMC (LVG) reduced the filtration loss by maximum 67.5% as compared to reference mud. Therefore, LLP can be used as an alternative to CMC (LVG) in water-based drilling fluid with a maximum subsurface temperature of 100 °C.

scholarly journals Lubricating Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Improvement Using Lignite NPs as well as Their Effect on Rheological and Filtration Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Massara Salam ◽  
Nada S. Al-Zubaidi ◽  
Asawer A. Al-Wasiti
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Lubricating Properties

In the process of drilling directional, extended-reach, and horizontal wells, the frictional forces between the drill string and the wellbore or casing can cause severe problems including excessive torque which is one of the most important problems during drilling oil and gas well. Drilling fluid plays an important role by reducing these frictional forces. In this research, an enhancement of lubricating properties of drilling fluids was fundamentally examined by adding Lignite NPs into the water-based drilling fluid. Lubricity, Rheology and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid were measured at room temperature using OFITE EP and Lubricity Tester, OFITE Model 900 Viscometer, and OFITE Low-Pressure Filter Press, respectively. Lignite NPs were added at different concentrations (0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) by weight into water-based drilling fluid. Lignite NPs showed good reduction in COF of water-based drilling fluid. The enhancement was increased with increasing Lignite NPs concentrations; 23.68%, 35.52%, and 45.3 % reduction in COF were obtained by adding 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% by weight Lignite NPs concentration, respectively.

scholarly journals Rheological evaluation of local clay samples in central region Ghana for oil well drilling fluid formulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Foster Gomado ◽  
Forson Kobina ◽  
Augustus Owusu Boadi ◽  
Yussif Moro Awelisah
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Local Materials

The superb rheological features of bentonites makes them an excellent candidate in drilling operations. Its capacity of bentonite to swell and extend to a few times its unique volume gives it the gelling and viscosity controlling quality. The execution of clay or specifical bentonite as a great consistency controlling operator in drilling fluids largely depends on the great extent of its rheological conduct. Ghana as of late found oil and it has tossed a test to research to explore the utilization of local materials in the oil and gas operations. A rheological study was conducted on local clay samples from Ajumako, Saltpond and Winneba in the Central district of Ghana as a viscosifier in drilling muds. This will help to improve the local content of Ghana's oil and gas industry. Drilling muds were prepared from the samples in addition to a control mud using imported non-treated bentonite. The local clay samples were subjected rheological test where the flow behavior of the muds was determined by measuring the gel strength, plastic viscosity, and the yield point. The experimental values were compared to the API standards. It was revealed that the local clay had some potential features of bentonite and could be utilized as controlling operators in drilling fluids provided the clays are beneficiated to enhance their rheological properties. This novel tend to improve the local content in oil and gas industry in Ghana through the deployment of the local materials in oil and gas operations in the nation.

Application of modified starch in high-temperature-resistant colloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxi Zhu ◽  
Xiuhua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Building Capability

Abstract Colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) are finding increasing application in depleted oil and gas reservoirs because of their distinctive characteristics. To overcome the limitations of its application in high-temperature drilling, a modified starch foams stabilizer WST with a temperature resistance of 160 °C was synthesized via radical polymerization. The chemical structure of WST was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy and results showed that all three monomers acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, and N-vinylpyrrolidone have been grafted onto starch efficiently. Based on the microscopic observations, highly stable aphrons have been successfully generated in the WST-based CGA drilling fluids within 160 °C, and most aphrons lie in the range of 10–150 μm. WST can provide higher viscosity at high temperatures compared to xanthan gum, which helps to extend foam life and stability by enhancing the film strength and slowing down the gravity drainage. Results show that WST-CGA aged at elevated temperatures (120–160 °C) is a high-performance drilling fluid with excellent shear-thinning behavior, cutting carrying capacity, and filtration control ability. The significant improvement of filtration control and well-building capability at high temperatures is an important advantage of WST-CGA, which can be attributed to the enhancement of mud cake quality by WST.

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