scholarly journals An improved 3.5° single-bend positive displacement mud motor and its parameter optimization for deep short-radius open-hole sidetracking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguang Sun ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Shibin Li ◽  
Bing Guan ◽  
Jinsong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Weight On Bit ◽  
Production Increase

AbstractIn order to improve the sidetracking efficiency for the recovery of old wells in the middle and later stage of oilfield, an improved 3.5° single-bend positive displacement mud motor (PDM) is designed. This novel single-bend PDM first uses the structure of 3.5° large angle PDM + cushion block, which can meet the sidetracking requirements of high build-up rate and short directional section in large curvature short-radius sidetracking wells and can significantly improve the build-up ability. Furthermore, based on the mechanical analysis and finite element numerical simulation, its parameter optimization is carried out. The optimal main parameters are determined as follows: the structural bending angle is 3.5°, the outer diameter is 95 mm, the height of the cushion block is 14 mm, the distance between the cushion block and the bending point is 120 mm, the minimum curvature radius is 35.50 m, and the weight-on-bit (WOB) should be less than 30kN. The initial section build-up rate of directional sidetracking can be increased up to 52.67°/30 m ~ 53.29°/30 m. The research results have been applied in Tahe oilfield. It proves that 3.5° single-bend PDM can sidetrack successfully at one time and increase deviation, and the overall angle change rate of bottom hole can reach 45.00°/30 m, which can meet the requirements of short-radius sidetracking with curvature radius of 40 m. The successful application of open-hole sidetracking technology with 3.5° single-bend PDM is of great significance to the production increase and efficiency improvement of old oilfields.

scholarly journals Study on mechanical properties of titanium alloy drill pipe and application technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 02021
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Yang ◽  
Shichun Chen ◽  
Qiang Feng ◽  
Wenhua Zhang ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Steel Drill ◽  
Buildup Rate

With the increasing intensity of oil and gas field exploration and development, oil and gas wells are also drilling into deeper and more complex formations. Conventional steel drilling tools can no longer meet the requirements of ultra-deep, high-temperature and high-pressure wells. The paper first analyzes the advantages of titanium alloy drill pipe based on basic performance of titanium alloy drill pipe. The experimental results show that the basic properties of titanium alloy drill pipes meet the operating standards of the petroleum industry. Then the buckling performance of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill pipe is compared, the calculation results show that the buckling performance of titanium alloy drill tools is slightly lower than that of steel drill tools. Secondly, the maximum allowable buildup rate of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill tool is studied. The research shows that under the same condition of the drill pipe outer diameter, titanium alloy drill pipe can be used for a smaller curvature radius and greater buildup rate. This advantage of titanium alloy drill pipe makes it more suitable for short radius and ultra-short radius wells. Finally, taking a shale gas horizontal well as an example, with the goal of reducing drill string friction and ensuring drill string stability, a comparative study on the application of titanium alloy drill pipe and steel drill pipe is carried out. The results show that titanium alloy drill pipe has a wider application in the field, and is suitable for operations under various complex working conditions.

The Kinematics Research of Elliptical Vibration Polishing Based on the Vibration Parameter Optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dun Lan Song ◽  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Shi Jun Ji ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Difference ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Vibration Parameter ◽  
Elliptical Vibration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Polishing Tool

Polishing, the last manufacturing procedure in the process of optics manufacturing, has been restricted by the existed contradictory propositions of efficiency and accuracy. As a result, a variety of new combined processing techniques put forward by researchers in many countries. While, elliptical vibration polishing (short as EVP) well considers efficiency and accuracy in machining. This paper focuses on the kinematics research of EVP tools, and proves the superiority of EVP through the vibration parameter optimization. Perfect tool path gets by the impact analysis of phase difference, frequency ratio and amplitude of the polishing tool. Meanwhile the optimum frequency for EVP is studied from the cost and efficiency perspective. The simulations reveal that the perfect tool path will be obtained in the following situations: phase difference at 90°, frequency ratio at 0.909, adjusts the tool vibration amplitude in consideration of minimum curvature radius in polishing area, and appropriately select the vibration frequency.

Radial Mass Density Analysis of Unstained Stem Images

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
P.S. Furcinitti ◽  
J.F. Hainfeld ◽  
J.J. Lipka ◽  
J.S. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Spot 5

The high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio inherent in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) makes it possible to examine unstained, freeze-dried biological macromolecules. Since the large-angle, elastically scattered STEM signal is directly proportional to the specimen mass, molecular weight or mass per unit length determinations are possible for individual macromolecules. For objects which have cylindrical or spherical symmetry the resolution lost by sparse sampling (2 Å spot, 5 or 10 Å between pixels) may be regained by employing the “Vernier Sampling” method developed by Steven et al. to rebin the data on a finer grid. A projected mass distribution is then obtained for the average values of the mass per unit area on an axis perpendicular to the symmetry axis. Assuming the particle to consist of a set of concentric cylinders of varying density, a set of simultaneous equations can be solved for the mass density at each annular ring. Thus the outer diameter and the internal radial structure of complex macromolecules Can be determined.

Mechanical modeling of an arc-shaped suction slot for compact spinning and analysis of additional twists

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (21) ◽  
pp. 2499-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Fu ◽  
Jianping Yang ◽  
Guangwei Cheng ◽  
Nanliang Chen ◽  
Yiping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Mechanical Modeling ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Compact Spinning ◽  
Suction Slot ◽  
Fibrous Strand

In this study, an arc-shaped suction slot was designed for a pneumatic compact spinning system with a lattice apron. A model was built via mechanical analysis of a fibrous strand in an arc-shaped suction slot to calculate additional twists inserted during condensing. The equations can be solved by using the Runge–Kutta method. The simulation results showed that negative pressure and frictional coefficient of the lattice apron and the fibrous strand have significant effects on additional twists of the strand in an arc-shaped slot. The curvature radius of the arc slot has some influence on the additional twists, while that of the condensing surface has no obvious effect on the additional twists. The radius of the strand may significantly influence the additional twists, but the radius of the strand itself is affected by various other factors. Spinning tests were carried out based on the model design. These results verified the additional twist model of the arc-shaped suction slot.

Numerical Simulation on the Laser Bending of Thin Wall Tubes

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hai Hao ◽  
Yu Ling Gai
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Laser Bending ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
The Cost

Laser tube bending is a spring-back-free noncontact forming method that has received considerable attention in recent years. Compared to mechanical bending, no hard tooling, dies, or external force is used in laser bending, thus the cost is greatly reduced for small-batch production and prototyping. Some quality issues, such as cross sectional distortion and intrados protrusion exist in laser bending and have growing tendency when the tube’s wall being thinner. This paper investigates the effects of process parameters on the deformation of thin wall tube through numerical simulations and experiments. The dimensions of the tube analyzed are 32 mm in outer diameter and 0.48mm in wall thickness. A three-dimensional transient thermo-mechanical analysis using the finite element method is carried out to simulate the laser bending process with some results validated by experiments. The effects of process parameters on the deformation of thin wall tubes are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Non-Symmetrical Direct Extrusion—Analytical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Experiment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7856
Author(s):  
Marek Kowalik ◽  
Piotr Paszta ◽  
Tomasz Trzepieciński ◽  
Leon Kukiełka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Curved Pipes ◽  
Lead Pipes ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

The article presents the original technology of the extrusion of hollow curved pipes. The curvature radius of pipe axis was obtained directly during extrusion by eccentric alignment of the annular calibration gap of the extrusion die. Theoretical relationships describing the radius of curvature of the extruded part as a function of the eccentricity e of position of the annular calibration gap in the die were developed. A die with replaceable inserts with eccentricity e equal to 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 mm was designed and fabricated. Experimental tests were carried out to extrude lead pipes with an outer diameter of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 18 mm. Measurements of the radii of the curvature of the extruded pipes were consistent with the values calculated from the developed theoretical relationships. Numerical modelling of the proposed method of extrusion in a finite element-based QForm 3D program was carried out. The finite element method (FEM) numerical calculations were carried out for lead. Numerical simulations and experimental studies have shown that, by changing the value of the eccentric gap, the radius of curvature of the extruded pipe can be controlled.

Common Practice for Verification of Integrity of New Emerging Technologies for Heavy Crude Oil Pumping Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Delgado ◽  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Heavy Crude Oil ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Screw Pump ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Heavy Crude

In the current emerging development of technologies for heavy crude oil pumping, it is essential to be able to predict and verify the reliable operation of new pumping technologies. Engineering studies are required for verification of the reliable operation of crude oil pumps and pumping systems. The specific requirements to be met by the pump and pumping system for ensuring reliable operation vary depending on their characteristics. However, it has been commonly based on the author’s experience to perform several analyses specifically for heavy crude oil applications including positive displacement pumps. Such analyses include skid mechanical vibration study, coupled acoustic-mechanical piping analysis, and lateral and torsional rotordynamic study. This paper presents a case study where the previously mentioned studies are conducted for a gas turbine driven screw pump train. A lateral rotordynamic analysis has been conducted by the turbomachinery original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and its details are not included in this paper. The results from the skid mechanical vibration study confirm that vibration issues are not predicted during normal or transient operation. A coupled acoustic-mechanical analysis identifies areas of concern that can then be addressed to avoid excessive vibration levels on the piping. Finally, results from a torsional rotordynamic study verify that vibration levels are expected to be within allowable limits.

Hydraulic Behavior in Cased and Open Hole Sections in Highly Deviated Wellbores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Birgitte Ruud Kosberg ◽  
Luca Carazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Open Hole

Abstract In this paper we present results from flow loop experiments with an oil-based drilling fluid with micronized barite as weight materials. The use of micronized barite allows using lower viscosity drilling fluid, providing non-laminar flow, which is advantageous for particle transport in near-horizontal sections. While transition to turbulence and turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids has been well studied both theoretically and experimentally, there are very few published results on the effect of wellbore wall properties on flow regime transition and turbulence. This is relevant because horizontal sections are often open-hole with less well-defined surfaces than a steel casing surface. We have conducted a series of flow experiments with and without cuttings size particles in a 10 m long annular test section using steel and concrete material to represent the wellbore wall of a cased and open hole section. In both cases the annulus was formed by a freely rotating steel pipe of 2” outer diameter inside a 4” diameter wellbore. Experiments were conducted at 48°, 60° and 90° wellbore inclination from vertical. The two materials result in different hydraulic behaviour without particles with stronger turbulence when using concrete wellbore wall material than when using steel casing. While there is negligible difference at low flow rates, at 0.8 m/s and below, there is an increasing difference as the flow rate increases and becomes transitional to turbulence. Hole cleaning is found to differ dependent on the wall material. However, the effect on hole cleaning is less clear than for the pressure loss.

Analytical investigation of well/perforation scale effect on sand production of weakly consolidated sandstones

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Tehrani ◽  
Mohammad Sarmadivaleh ◽  
Ahmadreza Younessi Sinaki ◽  
Masood Mostofi ◽  
Massoud Bayati
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Walled Cylinder

Investigating the risk of sand production is a common practice for developing unconsolidated and weakly consolidated reservoirs, particularly with designing the completion system of development wells. The risk of sanding may be different for open hole and cased and perforated completion systems. Part of this difference is a result of the different size of the boreholes—that is, open hole versus perforation tunnels— which is known as borehole scale effect. The amount of research dedicated to investigate the borehole scale effect on sand production is very limited. Research has been carried out by conducting thick-walled cylinder (TWC) tests on samples with different inner to outer diameter ratios. The impacts of sample size and boundaries on the induced stresses around the borehole and failure were, however, not differentiated from the borehole scale effect. In this paper, a comprehensive analytical approach is performed to investigate the effect of the size of the sample and boundaries on TWC tests and borehole failure. To do this, four different failure criteria—Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, Mogi and modified Lade—are compared with previously published experimental results. The analysis shows that the size of the sample and the boundaries may significantly change the TWC strength of the rock. The TWC changes by different inner to outer diameter ratios, however, may not be fully justified by the analytical approach. Hence, a scale effect factor must be introduced to replicate the experimental results.

Hydraulic Behavior in Cased and Open-Hole Sections in Highly Deviated Wellbores

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan David Ytrehus ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Birgitte Ruud Kosberg ◽  
Luca Carazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Flow Regime Transition ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Flow Experiments

Abstract In this paper, we present results from flow loop experiments with an oil-based drilling fluid with micronized barite as weight materials. The use of micronized barite allows using lower viscosity drilling fluid, providing non-laminar flow, which is advantageous for particle transport in near-horizontal sections. While transition to turbulence and turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids has been well studied both theoretically and experimentally, there are very few published results on the effect of wellbore wall properties on flow regime transition and turbulence. This is relevant because horizontal sections are often open hole with less well-defined surfaces than a steel casing surface. We have conducted a series of flow experiments with and without cuttings size particles in a 10-m long annular test section using steel and concrete material to represent the wellbore wall of a cased and open-hole section. In both cases, the annulus was formed by a freely rotating steel pipe of 2” outer diameter inside a 4” diameter wellbore. Experiments were conducted at 48 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg wellbore inclination from vertical. The two materials result in different hydraulic behaviors without particles with stronger turbulence when using concrete wellbore wall material than when using steel casing. While there is a negligible difference at low flowrates, at 0.8 m/s and below, there is an increasing difference as the flowrate increases and becomes transitional to turbulence. Hole cleaning is found to differ dependent on the wall material. However, the effect on hole cleaning is less clear than for the pressure loss.

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