scholarly journals Investigation of remanufacturing technologies for medical equipment in the UK and context in which technology can be exported in the developing world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Oturu ◽  
WL Ijomah ◽  
Alexander Broeksmit ◽  
Daniel Hernandez Reig ◽  
Matthew Millar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed World

AbstractWith the lack of access to medical equipment clear to see throughout the developing world in comparison to the developed world, solutions to bridge the gap are key to reducing the inequality of healthcare between the two. It has been identified that healthcare systems in developed countries have a rapid turnover of medical imaging equipment (X-ray, MRI, CT scanners, etc.) due to the high rate of technological advancement. There is therefore a stockpile of used medical equipment that could still be of use in developing countries thanks to remanufacturing. The aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability of remanufacturing medical equipment with the intent of supplying said equipment to the countries that need it. This investigation provides a clearer picture of the feasibility of using remanufacture to supply developing countries with the medical imaging devices they require. This is done through studying current remanufacturing processes carried out in developed countries, whether that be directly through OEMs or third parties, and assessing how the methods used could be applied to developing countries. It is identified that remanufacturing practices could benefit developing countries not only by increasing access to diagnostic equipment, but also society as a whole by creating jobs for instance. A key remanufacturing stage that should initially be focused on is inspection as it helps to filter and select the medical devices that are most suited for the remanufacturing process.

scholarly journals Tackling Salinity in Sustainable Agriculture—What Developing Countries May Learn from Approaches of the Developed World

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Shokat ◽  
Dominik K. Großkinsky
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
Developed World

Soil salinity is a common problem of the developing world as well as the developed world. However, the pace to reduce salinity is much slower in the developing world. The application of short-term approaches with an unsustainable supply of funds are the major reasons of low success. In contrast, the developed world has focused on long-term and sustainable techniques, and considerable funds per unit area have been allocated to reduce soil salinity. Here, we review the existing approaches in both worlds. Approaches like engineering and nutrient use were proven to be unsustainable, while limited breeding and biosaline approaches had little success in the developing countries. In contrast, advanced breeding and genetics tools were implemented in the developed countries to improve the salinity tolerance of different crops with more success. Resultantly, developed countries not only reduced the area for soil salinity at a higher rate, but more sustainable and cheaper ways to resolve the issue were implemented at the farmers’ field. Similarly, plant microbial approaches and the application of fertigation through drip irrigation have great potential for both worlds, and farmer participatory approaches are required to obtain fruitful outcomes. In this regard, a challenging issue is the transition of sustainable approaches from developed countries to developing ones, and possible methods for this are discussed.

The Ethics of Nurse Poaching from the Developing World

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A Singh ◽  
Busi Nkala ◽  
Eric Amuah ◽  
Nalin Mehta ◽  
Aasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Do So

Recruiting nurses from other countries is a long-standing practice. In recent years many countries in the developed world have more frequently recruited nurses from the developing world, causing an imbalance in the health services in often already impoverished countries. Despite guidelines and promises by developed countries that the practice should cease, it has largely failed to do so. A consortium of authors from countries that have experienced significant nurse poaching consider the ethical aspects behind this continuing practice.

scholarly journals Gender and feminist considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a developing-world perspective, with India as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANGHAMITRA CHOUDHURY ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precarious Situation ◽  
And Robotics

<p>The relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world is discussed in this manuscript. Using India as a case study, the paper goes on to discuss how ontology and epistemology views utilised in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics will affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need.</p>

scholarly journals Global utilisation of cereals: sustainability and environmental issues

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
O.O. Olugbire ◽  
S. Olorunfemi ◽  
D.O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Future Demands

Over the years, cereals have been the major food consumed by humans and have also been used in animal diet and therefore highly commendable for playing a major role in the preservation of human race. Studies have shown that half of the total percentage of calories consumed in the world is from cereals while it is also the most traded agricultural crop at the international market. This motivates the need to assess its utilisation in the past, present and future. This review shows that much driven by the use of cereals are factors like consumption and dietary pattern of a person or country, technological advancement in adding value to it, income status, market forces of demand and supply, level of affluence and policy. The trend in global cereals utilisation since its domestication has indicated an upward one with bulk of it being consumed as food in developing countries while majority of it goes into feeding livestock in developed countries. Evidence from this study also shows that the per capita utilisation of cereals directly for food is exceedingly great in developing countries than developed countries which is an indicator of malnutrition when not balance with other nutrients as it was observed in Bangladesh where calorie intake of an adult is about 90% from cereals. While there is a steady increase in global cereals utilisation due to its discovered industrial use as fuel, increased population and other factors, it will be expedient to focus on its sustainability and environmental issues that are likely to come up as a limitation to meet future demands.

Self-Reliance in Africa

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Developed World

The sombre picture of the economic situation in most developing countries, and not least in Africa, has become increasingly familiar in the last two or three years. Foreign aid is at best not increasing and the terms on which it is offered are hardening. There has been little or no relaxation of the obstacles to increased trade between the developed and the under-developed world. The growth of many poor countries has been limited; and, indeed, within the developing world, the gap between those at the top and those at the bottom is growing, as is that between the developed and the under-developed world as a whole.

Old is Gold: A Simple Vaccine in the Fight Against a Complex Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantej Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The U.S

Recent headlines have championed the success of much of the developed world in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, but the fight is far from over. Although developed countries such as the U.S. can somewhat afford a return to normalcy, a lack of action in confronting the struggles of the developing world will come back to haunt us - and the evidence shows that it already is.

The Heifer International Model of Sustainable Adult Education

2013 ◽  
pp. 1150-1163
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Boden McGill ◽  
Lauren Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Developing World ◽  
International Model ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
And Training

Heifer International, an organization devoted to ending hunger and poverty through sustainable development, has worked throughout the world by giving “living loans” of gifts of livestock and training while empowering individuals and communities to turn lives of hunger and poverty into self-reliance and hope. To train a country’s population is to increase that country’s “human capital,” and educating the population while expanding the human capital is a necessity in order for developing countries to benefit from globalization. The Heifer model of adult sustainable education demonstrates the importance of education and training for people of the developing world, and not only can this model be adopted in developing countries for emerging “learning societies,” but it may be used to inform policies and practices in the developed world as well.

The Role of Media in Perpetuating or Obstructing Gender Equality in the Context of Developing World

2018 ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Prabartana Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Developed World

Media engineers subtle ways in which gender bias can persist in society and ensures the perpetuation of women subjugation in the society. In this chapter I want to excavate the various factors which contributes to the augmentation of gender biases by the media and how the media in developing countries strengthens the cause patriarchy masquerading in the façade of preserving traditions and customs? I also intend to unravel how perennial problems like illiteracy and abject poverty further dents the project of women empowerment and how deeply entrenched patriarchal values manipulate the media to withhold emancipation in true sense. How women even after being qualified suffers from several negative effects undermining her own status? It will also be interesting to delve into the ways in which gendered media is far more subversive and ubiquitous in the developing world than developed world. And lastly how the gender bias in media can be curbed in the light of social and political awakening in women in particular and the development of human ingenuity and consciousness in general.

Using Information Technology to Spread Awareness about Communicable Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. 543-559
Author(s):  
Twiesha Vachhrajani ◽  
Lavanya Rao ◽  
H. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Over Time

Over time, changes in lifestyles, surroundings, and presence of parasites in the developed and developing world has resulted in new strains of various communicable diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. Even though the global average of diseases may be quite low, the concentration in certain countries is much higher. In developed countries, information technology has proved to be an indispensable tool to spread awareness regarding these communicable diseases; however, most developing countries lack the infrastructure needed to use these same resources to educate people about the prevention, symptoms, and treatment available. This chapter makes the following contributions: first, it outlines some of the critical challenges regarding the spread of communicable diseases. It then identifies and summarizes the various information systems strategies used in developed and developing countries. The conclusion ties these together and offers suggestions to further curb the spread of communicable diseases in developing countries.

HIV: travel

2019 ◽  
pp. 659-662
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Traveller’S Diarrhoea ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Entry Restrictions

The main aim of this chapter is to provide clinicians with the information they need to know about giving advice and managing people living with HIV, who are intending to travel outside the UK. This information is also relevant to other developed countries. Travel to some developing countries poses substantial risk of infections, especially to those with immunodeficiency. Some countries have entry restrictions to people living with HIV. The chapter gives sources of information on these matters. The chapter explains the importance of planning travel well in advance, so that patients receive and complete the necessary vaccinations. The chapter also provides advice on food and water consumption, and traveller’s diarrhoea, as well as actions required by the traveller according to their CD4 count.

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