Observation and simulation of near-surface wind and its variation with topography in Urumqi, West China

The wind is the main factor to influence the propagation of gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, the wind signal obtained by anemometer will provide us valuable clues for searching gas leakage sources. In this paper, the Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) are applied to analyze the influence of recurrence characteristics of the wind speed time series under the condition of the same place, the same time period and with the sampling frequency of 1hz, 2hz, 4.2hz, 5hz, 8.3hz, 12.5hz and 16.7hz respectively. Research results show that when the sampling frequency is higher than 5hz, the trends of recurrence nature of different groups are basically unchanged. However, when the sampling frequency is set below 5hz, the original trend of recurrence nature is destroyed, because the recurrence characteristic curves obtained using different sampling frequencies appear cross or overlapping phenomena. The above results indicate that the anemometer will not be able to fully capture the detailed information in wind field when its sampling frequency is lower than 5hz. The recurrence characteristics analysis of the wind speed signals provides an important basis for the optimal selection of anemometer.

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Evaluation of HRCLDAS and ERA5 Datasets for Near-Surface Wind over Hainan Island and South China Sea

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12060766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 766

Author(s):

Yi Jiang ◽

Shuai Han ◽

Chunxiang Shi ◽

Tao Gao ◽

Honghui Zhen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Hainan Island ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Wind Data ◽

The South ◽

Near Surface ◽

China Sea

Near-surface wind data are particularly important for Hainan Island and the South China Sea, and there is a wide range of wind data sources. A detailed understanding of the reliability of these datasets can help us to carry out related research. In this study, the hourly near-surface wind data from the High-Resolution China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System (HRCLDAS) and the fifth-generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5) were evaluated by comparison with the ground automatic meteorological observation data for Hainan Island and the South China Sea. The results are as follows: (1) the HRCLDAS and ERA5 near-surface wind data trend was basically the same as the observation data trend, but there was a smaller bias, smaller root-mean-square errors, and higher correlation coefficients between the near-surface wind data from HRCLDAS and the observations; (2) the quality of HRCLDAS and ERA5 near-surface wind data was better over the islands of the South China Sea than over Hainan Island land. However, over the coastal areas of Hainan Island and island stations near Sansha, the quality of the HRCLDAS near-surface wind data was better than that of ERA5; (3) the quality of HRCLDAS near-surface wind data was better than that of ERA5 over different types of landforms. The deviation of ERA5 and HRCLDAS wind speed was the largest along the coast, and the quality of the ERA5 wind direction data was poorest over the mountains, whereas that of HRCLDAS was poorest over hilly areas; (4) the accuracy of HRCLDAS at all wind levels was higher than that of ERA5. ERA5 significantly overestimated low-grade winds and underestimated high-grade winds. The accuracy of HRCLDAS wind ratings over the islands of the South China Sea was significantly higher than that over Hainan Island land, especially for the higher wind ratings; and (5) in the typhoon process, the simulation of wind by HRCLDAS was closer to the observations, and its simulation of higher wind speeds was more accurate than the ERA5 simulations.

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Application of the Thermal Image Velocimetry to Measure and Visualize Spatial Distribution of Near Surface Wind

JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ◽

10.3178/jjshwr.29.186 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

Atsushi INAGAKI

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Thermal Image ◽

Near Surface ◽

Image Velocimetry

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Characteristics of near-surface wind regimes in the Taklimakan Desert, China

Geomorphology ◽

10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.07.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 96 (1-2) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ruiping Zu ◽

Xian Xue ◽

Mingrui Qiang ◽

Bao Yang ◽

Jianjun Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Wind ◽

Taklimakan Desert ◽

Near Surface ◽

The Taklimakan Desert ◽

Wind Regimes

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Snow density along the route traversed by the Japanese-Swedish Antarctic Expedition 2007/08

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/2012jog11j201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (209) ◽

pp. 529-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shin Sugiyama ◽

Hiroyuki Enomoto ◽

Shuji Fujita ◽

Kotaro Fukui ◽

Fumio Nakazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Snow Density ◽

Syowa Station ◽

Near Surface ◽

A Value ◽

Surface Snow ◽

The Mean ◽

The Antarctic

AbstractDuring the Japanese-Swedish Antarctic traverse expedition of 2007/08, we measured the surface snow density at 46 locations along the 2800 km long route from Syowa station to Wasa station in East Antarctica. The mean snow density for the upper 1 (or 0.5) m layer varied from 333 to 439 kg m-3 over a region spanning an elevation range of 365-3800 ma.s.l. The density variations were associated with the elevation of the sampling sites; the density decreased as the elevation increased, moving from the coastal region inland. However, the density was relatively insensitive to the change in elevation along the ridge on the Antarctic plateau between Dome F and Kohnen stations. Because surface wind is weak in this region, irrespective of elevation, the wind speed was suggested to play a key role in the near-surface densification. The results of multiple regression performed on the density using meteorological variables were significantly improved by the inclusion of wind speed as a predictor. The regression analysis yielded a linear dependence between the density and the wind speed, with a coefficient of 13.5 kg m-3 (m s-1)-1. This relationship is nearly three times stronger than a value previously computed from a dataset available in Antarctica. Our data indicate that the wind speed is more important to estimates of the surface snow density in Antarctica than has been previously assumed.

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Turbulence-Induced Anti-Stokes Flow and the Resulting Limitations of Large-Eddy Simulation

Journal of Physical Oceanography ◽

10.1175/jpo-d-17-0208.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brodie Pearson

Keyword(s):

Stokes Flow ◽

Energy Production ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Stokes Drift ◽

Near Surface ◽

Eddy Simulation ◽

Surface Wind Stress ◽

Planetary Rotation ◽

Large Eddy ◽

Anti Stokes

AbstractThis study shows that the presence of Stokes drift us in the turbulent upper ocean induces a near-surface Eulerian current that opposes the Stokes drift. This current is distinct from previously studied anti-Stokes currents because it does not rely on the presence of planetary rotation or mean lateral gradients. Instead, the anti-Stokes flow arises from an interaction between the Stokes drift and turbulence. The new anti-Stokes flow is antiparallel to us near the ocean surface, is parallel to us at depth, and integrates to zero over the depth of the boundary layer. The presence of Stokes drift in large-eddy simulations (LES) is shown to induce artificial energy production caused by a combination of the new anti-Stokes flow and LES numerics. As a result, care must be taken when designing and interpreting simulations of realistic wave forcing, particularly as rotation becomes weak and/or us becomes perpendicular to the surface wind stress. The mechanism of the artificial energy production is demonstrated for a generalized LES subgrid scheme.

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Experiments on wind-driven heat exchange processes over melting snow

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10182 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Haugeneder ◽

Tobias Jonas ◽

Dylan Reynolds ◽

Michael Lehning ◽

Rebecca Mott

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Infrared Camera ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Internal Boundary ◽

Small Scale ◽

Snow Melt ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Near Surface

Snowmelt runoff predictions in alpine catchments are challenging because of the high spatial variability of the snow cover driven by various snow accumulation and ablation processes. In spring, the coexistence of bare and snow-covered ground engages a number of processes such as the enhanced lateral advection of heat over partial snow cover, the development of internal boundary layers, and atmospheric decoupling effects due to increasing stability at the snow cover. The interdependency of atmospheric conditions, topographic settings and snow coverage remains a challenge to accurately account for these processes in snow melt models. In this experimental study, we used an Infrared Camera (VarioCam) pointing at thin synthetic projection screens with negligible heat capacity. Using the surface temperature of the screen as a proxy for the air temperature, we obtained a two-dimensional instantaneous measurement. Screens were installed across the transition between snow-free and snow-covered areas. With IR-measurements taken at 10Hz, we capture the dynamics of turbulent temperature fluctuations over the patchy snow cover at high spatial and temporal resolution. From this data we were able to obtain high-frequency, two-dimensional windfield estimations adjacent to the surface.Preliminary results show the formation of a stable internal boundary layer (SIBL), which was temporally highly variable. Our data suggest that the SIBL height is very shallow and strongly sensitive to the mean near-surface wind speed. Only strong gusts were capable of penetrating through this SIBL leading to an enhanced energy input to the snow surface.With these type of results from our experiments and further measurements this spring we aim to better understand small scale energy transfer processes over patch snow cover and it&#8217;s dependency on the atmospheric conditions, enabling to improve parameterizations of these processes in coarser-resolution snow melt models.

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A New Time-dependent Theory of Tropical Cyclone Intensification

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ◽

10.1175/jas-d-21-0169.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqing Wang ◽

Yuanlong Li ◽

Jing Xu

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Numerical Simulations ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Quasi Equilibrium ◽

Free Atmosphere ◽

Near Surface ◽

Tangential Wind

AbstractIn this study, the boundary-layer tangential wind budget equation following the radius of maximum wind, together with an assumed thermodynamical quasi-equilibrium boundary layer is used to derive a new equation for tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rate (IR). A TC is assumed to be axisymmetric in thermal wind balance with eyewall convection becoming in moist slantwise neutrality in the free atmosphere above the boundary layer as the storm intensifies as found recently based on idealized numerical simulations. An ad-hoc parameter is introduced to measure the degree of congruence of the absolute angular momentum and the entropy surfaces. The new IR equation is evaluated using results from idealized ensemble full-physics axisymmetric numerical simulations. Results show that the new IR equation can reproduce the time evolution of the simulated TC intensity. The new IR equation indicates a strong dependence of IR on both TC intensity and the corresponding maximum potential intensity (MPI). A new finding is the dependence of TC IR on the square of the MPI in terms of the near-surface wind speed for any given relative intensity. Results from some numerical integrations of the new IR equation also suggest the finite-amplitude nature of TC genesis. In addition, the new IR theory is also supported by some preliminary results based on best-track TC data over the North Atlantic and eastern and western North Pacific. Compared with the available time-dependent theories of TC intensification, the new IR equation can provide a realistic intensity-dependent IR during weak intensity stage as in observations.

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Projected changes in pyroconvective conditions in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 21st century

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15526 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martín Senande-Rivera ◽

Gonzalo Miguez-Macho

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

21St Century ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Atmospheric Stability ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Fire Season ◽

Fire Plume ◽

Near Surface ◽

Wildfire Spread ◽

Projected Changes

Extreme wildfire events associated with strong pyroconvection have gained the attention of the scientific community and the society in recent years. Strong convection in the fire plume can influence fire behaviour, as downdrafts can cause abrupt variations in surface wind direction and speed that can result in bursts of unexpected fire propagation. Climate change is expected to increase the length of the fire season and the extreme wildfire potential, so the risk of pyroconvection occurence might be also altered. Here, we analyse atmospheric stability and near-surface fire weather conditions in the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the 21st century to assess the projected changes in pyroconvective risk during favourable weather conditions for wildfire spread. &#160;

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The Effects of Assimilating Conventional and ATOVS Data on Forecasted Near-Surface Wind with WRF-3DVAR

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-14-00038.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 153-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Feimin Zhang ◽

Yi Yang ◽

Chenghai Wang

Keyword(s):

Data Assimilation ◽

Surface Wind ◽

Lower Atmosphere ◽

Observation Data ◽

Initial Field ◽

Infrared Observation ◽

Forecast Performance ◽

Near Surface ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (WRF-3DVAR) system is used to investigate the impact on the near-surface wind forecast of assimilating both conventional data and Advanced Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) radiances compared with assimilating conventional data only. The results show that the quality of the initial field and the forecast performance of wind in the lower atmosphere are improved in both assimilation cases. Assimilation results capture the spatial distribution of the wind speed, and the observation data assimilation has a positive effect on near-surface wind forecasts. Although the impacts of assimilating ATOVS radiances on near-surface wind forecasts are limited, the fine structure of local weather systems illustrated by the WRF-3DVAR system suggests that assimilating ATOVS radiances has a positive effect on the near-surface wind forecast under conditions that ATOVS radiances in the initial condition are properly amplified. Assimilating conventional data is an effective approach for improving the forecast of the near-surface wind.

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