scholarly journals Utilizing Ultrasonic Waves in the Investigation of Contact Stresses, Areas, and Embedment of Spheres in Manufactured Materials Replicating Proppants and Brittle Rocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Fahmi Bou-Hamdan ◽  
Azza Hashim Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Brittle Rocks ◽  
Proppant Embedment

AbstractIn the oil and gas industry, hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a common application to create additional permeability in unconventional reservoirs. Using proppant in HF requires understanding the interactions with rocks such as shale, and the mechanical aspects of their contacts. However, these studies are limited in literature and inconclusive. Therefore, the current research aims to apply a novel method, mainly ultrasound, to investigate the proppant embedment phenomena for different rocks. The study used proppant materials that are susceptible to fractures (glass) and others that are hard and do not break (steel). Additionally, the materials used to represent brittle shale rocks (polycarbonate and phenolic) were based on the ratio of elastic modulus to yield strength (E/Y). A combination of experimental and numerical modeling was used to investigate the contact stresses, deformation, and vertical displacement. The results showed that the relation between the stresses and ultrasound reflection coefficient follows a power-law equation, which validated the method application. From the experiments, plastic deformation was encountered in phenolic surfaces despite the corresponding contacted material. Also, the phenolic stresses showed a difference compared to polycarbonate for both high and low loads, which is explained by the high attenuation coefficient of phenolic that limited the quality of the reflected signal. The extent of vertical displacements surrounding the contact zone was greater for the polycarbonate materials due to the lower E/Y, while the phenolic material was limited to smaller areas not exceeding 50% of polycarbonate for all tested load conditions. Therefore, the study confirms that part of the contact energy in phenolic material was dissipated in the plastic deformation, indicating greater proppant embedment, and leading to a loss in fracture conductivity for rocks of higher E/Y.

Calculation Method of Fracture Conductivity Based on Performance of Proppant Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Yun-Xiang Zhao ◽  
Da-Li Guo ◽  
Chuan-Xin Zhang ◽  
Zi-Xi Guo ◽  
Yi-Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
New Model ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Proppant Embedment

Proppant is one of the key materials used for hydraulic fracturing, directly determining the production of oil and gas wells, which greatly affects the economic benefits. The main function of the proppant is to prop fracture, and create channels with high fracture conductivity for oil and gas to flow through. First, the microscopic arrangement structure of proppant was studied, and the proppant porosity was calculated in different arrangement structures. Second, a proppant embedment model was established based on the elastic-plastic deformation between the proppant partcles and the fracture surface. Third, a fracture conductivity model was established based on various parameters, such as, diameter, concentration, strength, crushing rate, embedment, etc. Finally, the proppant embedment depth was calculated on the basis of the new model, from which predicted values match with the experimental values within an average error of less than 7%. The fracture conductivity was calculated. From a comparison with the experimental values, the average error was less than 6.8%. The calculated proppant embedment depth and fracture conductivity were consistent with the experimental results, which verified the accuracy of the new model. This study is of significance for guiding hydraulic fracturing design.

Scale Removal with Ultrasonic Waves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartwig Kunanz ◽  
Sylvia Wölfel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Strontium Sulfate

Abstract Today, ultrasound is a widely used technology for a number of industrial applications, from processing liquids and slurries, cleaning of optical lenses and jewellery, purification of water, enhancement of mechanical and physical properties of metals, welding, dispersing, humidifiers, to material testing. In the oil and gas industry the ultrasonic technology is typically used for measurement applications. This paper describes first test and research results using ultrasonic waves to remove scaling in the borehole. So far most standard scaling treatments involve the use of chemicals. With ultrasonic treatment, it may be possible to reduce or even substitute the chemical applications. This transgression from a chemical to a physical cleaning process would most likely save costs and reduce the environmental impact. Scaling from calcium carbonate, gypsum/anhydrite or barium/strontium sulfate is considered a major issue with oil and gas production, causing the industry enormous efforts on prevention and removal. To assess the usability of ultrasound for scaling removal, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted, starting with gypsum due to its easy handling and continuing with the more critical calcium carbonate scaling. The cleaning effects could be proven and the main factors influencing the ultrasonic cleaning efficiency could be identified in the laboratory. This paper will present and discuss the findings so far and will give an outlook on future research issues with ultrasonic scale removal.

Deployment of Digital NDT Solutions in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-868
Author(s):  
Casper Wassink ◽  
Marc Grenier ◽  
Oliver Roy ◽  
Neil Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry

What Does Rent Give to Federal Budget (on the Russia's Budget Dependence upon "Oil Dollars")

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharipova ◽  
I. Tcherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

Federal tax revenues from the main sectors of the Russian economy after the 1998 crisis are examined in the article. Authors present the structure of revenues from these sectors by main taxes for 1999-2003 and prospects for 2004. Emphasis is given to an increasing dependence of budget on revenues from oil and gas industries. The share of proceeds from these sectors has reached 1/3 of total federal revenues. To explain this fact world oil prices dynamics and changes in tax legislation in Russia are considered. Empirical results show strong dependence of budget revenues on oil prices. The analysis of changes in tax legislation in oil and gas industry shows that the government has managed to redistribute resource rent in favor of the state.

The Political Economy of Power: Approaches to the Analysis of Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
A. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Business Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ruling Elites

The article deals with the issues of political and economic power as well as their constellation on the market. The theory of public choice and the theory of public contract are confronted with an approach centered on the power triad. If structured in the power triad, interactions among states representatives, businesses with structural advantages and businesses without structural advantages allow capturing administrative rents. The political power of the ruling elites coexists with economic power of certain members of the business community. The situation in the oil and gas industry, the retail trade and the road construction and operation industry in Russia illustrates key moments in the proposed analysis.

Consideration of Geopolitical Challenges within the Analysis of Geoenvironmental Risks for Oil and Gas Development of the Russian Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
O. P. Trubitsina ◽  
V. N. Bashkin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Geopolitical Risks

The article is devoted to the consideration of geopolitical challenges for the analysis of geoenvironmental risks (GERs) in the hydrocarbon development of the Arctic territory. Geopolitical risks (GPRs), like GERs, can be transformed into opposite external environment factors of oil and gas industry facilities in the form of additional opportunities or threats, which the authors identify in detail for each type of risk. This is necessary for further development of methodological base of expert methods for GER management in the context of the implementational proposed two-stage model of the GER analysis taking to account GPR for the improvement of effectiveness making decisions to ensure optimal operation of the facility oil and gas industry and minimize the impact on the environment in the geopolitical conditions of the Arctic.The authors declare no conflict of interest

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