Biodiesel preparation from high acid value phoenix seed oil using Eversa transform 2.0 as a novel catalyst

Oil extracted from Persea Americana seed was assayed for its physiochemical properties and antioxidant potential using various standard methods. The oil content of the seed was found to be < 10%. Brownish-red color oil was liquid at room temperature, with specific gravity of 0.91±0.02 g/mL. Other physiochemical parameters determined were; acid value (4.51±0.08 mgKOH/g), %FFA (2.26±0.08), peroxide value (2.40±0.57 mgO2/Kg), ester value (31.26±0.03 mgKOH/g), saponification value (35.76±0.07 mgKOH/g) and iodine value (23.5±0.07). The results of the antioxidant activities of the seed oil showed that the flavonoid content (80.00±1.41 mgQE/g) was ~10 folds higher than the phenolic content (8.27±0.06 mgGAE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging value was found to be 51.54±0.25% with an IC50 value of 4.68±0.02 mg/mL and reducing power with an average absorbance of 0.85±0.01 and an IC50 value of 0.001±0.02 mg/mL. Gallic acid showed better antioxidant activities than the oil studied. The results obtained in this study showed that Persea Americana seed oil has nutritional, industrial as well as medicinal potentials.

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Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3703

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Wei-Ting Lin ◽

Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Acid Value ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Two Stage ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Stage Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

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Study on the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production from high acid value oil

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jiec.2013.01.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1413-1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rizwan Sheikh ◽

Moo-Seok Choi ◽

Jun-Seop Im ◽

Yeung-Ho Park

Keyword(s):

Solid Acid ◽

Acid Value ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Solid Acid Catalysts ◽

Acid Catalysts ◽

High Acid

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Characterization and Stability Studies of Egusi Melon Seed Oil (Citrullus colocynthis L.)

Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria ◽

10.46602/jcsn.v46i2.598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Author(s):

C.O. Ajenu ◽

M.E. Ukhun ◽

C. Imoisi ◽

E.E. Imhontu ◽

L.E. Irede ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Iodine Value ◽

Peroxide Value ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Acid Value ◽

Melon Seed ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Value ◽

Melon Seed Oil

The physical value of oil depends upon its chemical composition, even today these values play a vital role while using different oil for industrial products and also, despite the vast nutritional and medicinal significance of egusi melon, there are little details on the shell life and stability of its oil over time. Therefore, the influence of time and temperature on melon seed oil was investigated at temperatures of 0oC and 30oC at different weeks to ascertain its physicochemical value and storage stability. For week zero, at 0oC and ambient temperature (30oC), the result revealed iodine value 124.09, Acid value 3.64 mgNaOH/g, Free Fatty Acid value 1.84 mgNaOH/g, Saponification 217.35 mgKOH/g, Peroxide value 1.25 mg/g oil, pH 5.89 and thiobarbituric acid value 0.1383 respectively. In the 5th week, at 30oC, the result revealed iodine value 91.1543, acid value 12.8921 mgNaOH/g, free fatty acid value 6.4988 mgNaOH/g, Saponification 346.42 mgKOH/g, Peroxide value 9.5mg/g oil, pH 3.2 and thiobarbituric acid value 0.413 respectively. Also at 0oC in the 5th week, the results were observed as follow: Iodine value 102.53, Acid value 7.96 mgNaOH/g, Free Fatty Acid value 4.01 mgNaOH/g, saponification 287.51 mgKOH/g, Peroxide value 6.1 mg/g oil, pH 5.05, and thiobarbituric acid value 0.2658 respectively. Refrigeration (0oC) of oil reduced the rate of most of the oxidative deterioration that produces rancidity. These values are within recommended range for edible oils. These results indicate that egusi melon oil could be a good source of table oil. The statistical results show that there was a significant difference between the melon seed oil stored at 0oC and 30oC (P < 0.001).

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Research and Development of Natural Vegetable Insulating Oil Based on Jatropha curcas Seed Oil

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13174319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4319

Author(s):

Jun Wu ◽

Junhui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Food Resource ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Acid Value ◽

Electrical Performance ◽

Insulating Oil ◽

Alumina Treatment ◽

Clay Treatment

Jatropha curcas is a natural non-food resource with high oil-content seeds, that has attracted worldwide attention as it is an ideal renewable resource for the production of biofuels. With the increasing use of vegetable insulating oil in related industries, it is valuable to develop the vegetable insulating oils from Jatropha curcas seed oil. This study explores how to use Jatropha curcas seed oil to prepare high-quality natural vegetable insulating oil. A six-step process is first established according to the optimization results of alkali refining, activated clay treatment and alumina treatment of Jatropha curcas seed oil, combined with cold treatment, water washing and high temperature decompression treatment. Physicochemical and electrical performance tests show that most of the properties of the prepared vegetable insulating oil are significantly improved compared with the original seed oil, and meet the standard requirements for vegetable insulating oil, especially with no sulfur corrosion, a breakdown voltage of 72 kV and an acid value (KOH, potassium hydroxide) of 0.012 mg/g.

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Process parameter optimisation in acid value minimisation of rubber seed oil conversion to biodiesel using Al2O3/Calcined Eggshells as catalyst – RSM and ANN studies

International Journal of Ambient Energy ◽

10.1080/01430750.2020.1818125 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi Sai Bharadwaj ◽

Subramaniapillai Niju ◽

Khadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa Begum ◽

Narayanan Anantharaman

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Acid Value ◽

Process Parameter ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Parameter Optimisation

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Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Neem Seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Biodiesel Production

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10040616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Bakari Hamadou ◽

Djomdi ◽

Ruben Zieba Falama ◽

Cedric Delattre ◽

Guillaume Pierre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Acid Value ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Neem Seed Oil ◽

The City

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of neem seeds, according to their mass and oil content, on the production of biodiesel. After the physical characterization of the seeds and extraction of the oil (triglycerides), biodiesel was produced from crude neem seed oil by transesterification with ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of these seeds vary according to the origin of the samples. The seeds from Zidim, with a mass average of 200 seeds evaluated at 141.36 g and an almond content of 40.70%, have better characteristics compared to those collected in the city of Maroua, with average values evaluated at 128.00 g and 36.05%, respectively. Almonds have an average lipid content of 53.98 and 56.75% for the Maroua and Zidim samples, respectively. This study also reveals that neem oil, by its physicochemical characteristics, has a satisfactory quality for a valorization in the production of biodiesel. However, its relatively high free fatty acid content is a major drawback, which leads to a low yield of biodiesel, evaluated on average at 89.02%, and requires a desacidification operation to improve this yield. The analysis of biodiesel indicates physicochemical characteristics close and comparable to those of petrodiesel, particularly in terms of calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, evaluated at 41.00 MJ/kg, 0.803, 4.42 cSt, and 0.130 mg/g, respectively.

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Aloe ferox Seed: A Potential Source of Oil for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Use

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800334 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachael Dangarembizi ◽

Eliton Chivandi ◽

Kennedy Erlwanger

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Acid Value ◽

Potential Source ◽

Saponification Value ◽

Aloe Ferox ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

Aloe ferox is an important medicinal plant in Southern Africa whose seeds could be useful as a source of oil. The fatty acid composition of A. ferox seed oil was determined using gas chromatography. The physicochemical properties of the oil were analysed using standard methods. The seeds yielded 19.4% of a light textured oil using the Blight and Dyer's method and 12.3% using the Soxhlet extraction method. The saponification value of the seed oil was 241.9 mg KOH/g and the peroxide value was 8.9 meq/kg. The acid value of the seed oil was 51.5 mg KOH/g (25.9% free fatty acids). The major fatty acids found in the seed oil were linoleic acid (71.8%), oleic acid (12.0%), palmitic acid (11.2%) and stearic acid (2.9%). The results obtained suggest that as A. ferox seed oil is high in linoleic acid, it could be potentially exploited in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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