scholarly journals Trajectories of (Non)Belief in the Scientific Community: The Case of Polish and Ukrainian Natural Scientists

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-409
Author(s):  
Maria Rogińska
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The article contributes to the discussion on the secularizing impact of science in modern societies. The starting point of the research is sociological data that shows lower religiosity of scientific communities in comparison to the general population in various countries. This might indicate that science does exert a secularizing force on modern ideologies. The explanatory hypotheses of this phenomenon are, however, ambiguous and predominantly concern Western countries. Based on 100 in-depth interviews with physicists and biologists from Central and Eastern Europe (Poland and Ukraine), it demonstrates the crucial role of cultural and historical context in the formulation of the (un)faith of the scientists. The scientific knowledge and participation in science as a social institution is more complementary than decisive in these processes, moreover, these factors play different roles in biographical trajectories of the Polish and Ukrainian natural scientists.

scholarly journals Narrating Human Rights in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Rhea Gretchen Arevalo Abuso
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Depth Interviews

The 2016 national elections in the Philippines have been regarded as the most revealing and consequential democratic practice to the human rights situation in the country for two reasons. First, the overwhelming election of Rodrigo Duterte to the presidency was because of his campaign promise to rid the country of drugs and criminality within “3 to 6 months” through bloody and violent means. Second, the son and namesake of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos, whose authoritarian regime in the 1970’s was responsible for countless human rights violations, narrowly lost his vice-presidential bid by a mere 270,000 votes. These turns of events beg the question: how could Filipinos, who experienced a bloody and violent regime at the hands of a dictator, choose to elect national leaders widely associated with human rights violations? This paper addresses this question through the use of in-depth interviews with Filipino college students in key cities in the Philippines in order to describe the Marcos regime from the perspective of the generation that did not experience the period. The research aimed to understand how memories of past human rights violations are formed and shaped, how these memories are crucial to the improvement of the human rights situation in society, and how to ensure that mistakes of the past are not repeated. The study found that widespread revisionist notions about the Marcos regime can be attributed to the absence of meaningful martial law and human rights education in the country.  However, the study also found that young Filipinos regard the social institution of education as the most trustworthy bearer of information on human rights and violent regimes. This highlights the crucial role of schools and educators in promoting human rights in society.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Tailored Support to Implement Smoke-Free Homes: A Qualitative Study among Lower Socioeconomic Status Parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Els C. van Wijk ◽  
Regina I. Overberg ◽  
Anton E. Kunst ◽  
Janneke Harting
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Interviews

With the aim of preventing children from being exposed to secondhand smoke, we examined to which level lower socio-economic status (SES) households had implemented home smoking rules and the factors that hampered parents in their process of change toward a complete smoke-free home (SFH). We conducted a qualitative study including semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 parents of young children living in a lower SES neighborhood of a provincial town in the Netherlands. Interview transcripts were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. Three distinct levels of SFH implementation emerged: complete SFH, flexible SFH, and partial SFH. Differences between parents at these three levels essentially concerned: (1) the role of child-related moral considerations in their motivation for an SFH; (2) whether they felt they had the agency to set and enforce home smoking rules; (3) the difficulties they experienced in changing their smoking habit from smoking indoors to smoking outdoors. Parents also had different opinions about the role their children could play in facilitating the parental process of change. We conclude that the current level of SFH implementation may serve as a starting point for developing tailored interventions. Such interventions should probably address other factors than the commonly used awareness–knowledge–commitment approach.

A requirement and challenge of joke-ability in humor researcher

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kmita ◽  
Lynnette Mawhinney
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose – With particular reference to qualitative humor research, this paper aims to look at fieldwork from a new angle. The purpose of this paper is to address humor research foci by completing a fusion autoethnographic analysis of how lead author used humor to interact with the participants. This analysis outlines the two examples of joke-ability; specifically self-deprecating humor and more generally attempts to blend in. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on fusion autoethnography where Author 2 actively worked to help Author 1 push deeper into her use of humor and its historical context within her life. This created a dialogue to deepen the self-analysis on Author 1’s humor methodology. Findings – The use of humor, by humor researchers, may be of particular importance if the researched groups, society, or nation values humor in both formal and informal contexts. Researcher’s humor can be a spontaneous and dynamic way of learning and engaging with the researched environment. Originality/value – This paper aims to be a starting point for the discussion about the understudied issues of place and role of the use of humor by a humor researcher, and the challenges of conducting humor research within an educational context. The innovative fusion autoethnographic analysis helps to reflect upon researcher’s role and behavior. The study contributes to humor research methodology by exploring the effects of researcher’s use of humor on both the researcher-participant relationship and the data.

scholarly journals Science between and against disciplines in the social sciences and humanities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kobylarek
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Closed Pattern

The article describes the role of interdisciplinarity in the process of making science.  Two patterns of research and development of discipline are presented: the closed pattern which concentrates  on specialization and the open pattern  which fosters interdisciplinary science. The key to success is always openness for new scientific experiences and communities. The conclusion of the article is a proposal for  finding new scientific communities, which could be interested in new ideas, research  and thoughts where interdisciplinary analyses are not acceptable to the local scientific community.

scholarly journals La función de Gobierno en la Constitución española, cuarenta años después // The role of Government in the Spanish Constitution, 40 years later

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (101) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Antonio Porras Nadales
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Starting Point

Resumen:El modelo constitucional español expresa una apuesta por la gobernabilidad que nace del contexto histórico propio del parlamentarismo racionalizado y se fundamenta sobre un sistema electoral establecido desde 1977. Sin embargo tanto la configuración orgánica del ejecutivo como la puesta en práctica de la función de gobierno han tenido un desarrollo bastante limitado en la práctica, y algunas tareas centrales como la orientación estratégica, la programación de políticas públicas o la coordinación general del sistema se han reducido a puras inercias.Abstract:The Spanish constitutional model express a commitment to gobernability that is born from the historical context of «rationalized parlamentarism» and is based on an electoral system established since 1977. However, both the organic configuration of the executive and the implementation of the function of governing have had a rather limited development in practice, while some central tasks such as strategic orientation, public policy programing and overall system coordination, have been reduced to pure inertia.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Government and governability: the starting point. 3. The function of government as a political function. 4. Government and governance: unfulfilled challenges. 5. A mediocre balance and its advantages. 6. Perspectives of historical change. 7. Final considerations. 

scholarly journals Frontex and the convergence of humanitarianism, human rights and security

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Perkowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Member States ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

While there has been growing scholarly interest in the convergence of humanitarianism and security in contemporary EUropean border governance, much of the existing literature has neglected the role of human rights in this process. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Frontex officials, this article takes the simultaneous portrayal of the agency as rescuer of migrants at sea, promoter of fundamental rights and defender of EUropean citizens against migrant threats as a starting point to rethink the relationship of humanitarianism, human rights and security in the governing of EUropean borders. Conceptualizing them as discourses of protection that render their subjects vulnerable in various ways, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the connections and combined effects of humanitarianism, human rights and security in EUropean border governance. Finally, it shows that Frontex’s positioning in humanitarian, human rights and security terms has strengthened the agency in three ways. First, it has allowed Frontex to cooperate with a range of actors in ‘managing’ EUropean borders. Second, it has enabled the agency to become a ‘go-to’ solution to diverse crises in border governance. Third, it has allowed Frontex officials to shift blame for human rights abuses to member-states.

Supporting Work-Family Amalgamation through E-HRM

2009 ◽  
pp. 817-822
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nthogo Lekoko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Organizational Needs

Managerial practices and changes can be understood and appreciated when placed in a historical context. Kramar (2006) suggests that the starting point should be in the1980’s where issues relating to human resources in organizations were steered by managers themselves, with little or no involvement of the humans being managed. This was an instrumental management view because employees were regarded as instruments to be used to produce and deliver services for the benefit of the organization. Managers’ control of workers in ensuring high productivity was highly esteemed. Overemphasizing the role of managers meant downplaying the interests of workers being managed and holding in the highest regard job tasks and how such tasks were performed. It was a management approach that emphasized organizational needs at the expense of individual well-being. This approach attracted some criticisms.

Women and Democratization Conceptualizing Gender Relations in Transition Politics

1994 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Waylen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Questions

This article examines the impact of gender relations on democratization. It considers a number of key questions: what role do women's movements play in the transition to democratic rule and what impact does a return to competitive electoral politics have on women and women's movements. The starting point is a critique of the existing literature on democratization. That literature cannot provide a satisfactory analysis of the role of women in transition politics because of the narrow definitions of democracy used and the top-down focus of much of it. The article then develops a gendered analysis through a comparison of the different processes of transition in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. It highlights the significance of the relationship between civil society and the state and the existence of “political space.”

scholarly journals Reducing Radicalism as a Form of Intervention Through the Role of School and Education Curriculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Didik Novi Rahmanto ◽  
Adrianus E. Meliala ◽  
Ferdinand Andi Lolo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Radicalism become a severe problem for the peace and security of society in Indonesia. So, it is necessary to optimize the role of educational institutions in preventing and offering alternative solutions to the movement of negative radicalism through dialogue and education in schools, from elementary to higher education level. This study aims to examine the role of school and education curriculum as an effort in reducing radicalism. This research is a qualitative study which uses in-depth interviews and literature studies in gathering data. The analysis was carried by using the age graded theory of crime. The results show that school and education curriculum have a role in reducing radicalism. School is a social institution that is very important in each phase of individual growth because schools have a huge role in carrying out positive social values. Therefore, the education curriculum can be arranged in reducing radicalism in society by increasing the portion of cultural values, humanity, tolerance, and the attachment of individuals to their environment.

Euroscepticism and Europeanisation at a Margin of Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polya Ilieva ◽  
Thomas M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Eu

This article examines forms of ideological and political responses to European integration and Europeanisation that are either negative in form and function or that are projected as such for local and national purposes. The concept of 'Euroscepticism' is shown here as a useful linguistic and sociological starting point for examining the transformative power of the EU in the politics of all levels of European societies. The ways in which people express their support, opposition or ennui in regard to the role of 'Europe' in their lives delineates here the instrumentalism in the way they approach advancing European integration. The processes of resisting, negotiating and adapting (and adapting to) European integration are offered here as topics of anthropological significance in their own right. A case study from one former socialist country, Bulgaria, illustrates what may be suggested as a commonplace sentiment throughout the EU - a feeling of marginality due to the disconnection and disaffection that remain at the heart of Euroscepticism in all of its forms. Bulgaria offers a frame through which to reflect on the reformulations in local, regional and national political society as they relate to supranational and transnational forces throughout Europe, and to illustrate how an anthropological attention to the issues of post-socialism in Central and Eastern Europe may bene fit from an examination of the new forces of European integration.

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