scholarly journals The proportion, species distribution and dynamic trends of bloodstream infection cases in a tertiary hospital in China, 2010–2019

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiewei Cui ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Jiemin Cui ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Qiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Composition Ratios

Abstract Background Recent epidemiological studies on bloodstream infection (BSI) that include the proportion, species distribution and dynamic changes are scarce in China. This study was performed to understand these epidemiological data of BSI over the past 10 years in China. Methods Using a prospective nosocomial infection surveillance system, this study was retrospectively performed in one of the largest hospitals in China. The time trend was tested using the Cochran–Armitage trend test in R Programming Language. Results From 2010 to 2019, there were totally 9381 episodes of BSI cases out of 1,437,927 adult-hospitalized patients in the hospital, the total proportion of BSI cases was 6.50‰ (6.50 episodes per 1000 adult-hospitalized patients) and the proportion had significantly decreased (8.24–6.07‰, time trend P < 0.001). Among the 9381 episodes of BSI, 93.1% were bacteremia and others were fungemia (6.9%). As the most common species, the composition ratios of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (25.6–32.5%), Escherichia coli (9.8–13.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.3–10.4%) had been dynamically increased (all time trends P < 0.05) and the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had decreased (4.0–2.4%, time trend P = 0.032). However, Staphylococcus aureus (3.3–3.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.4–4.2%) had not changed significantly (P > 0.05). These common species were consistent with China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network reported in 2018 (2018 CHINET report), but their composition ratios were different. In addition, among bacteremia, the proportion of multidrug-resistant bacteria gradually increased from 52.9 to 68.4% (time trend P < 0.001). Conclusion The proportion and species distribution of BSI were dynamically changing along certain trends. These trends deserved more attention from clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals The Proportion, Species Distribution and Dynamic Trends of Bloodstream Infection Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in China, 2010-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiewei Cui ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Qiang ◽  
Zhixin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Composition Ratios

Abstract Background: Recent epidemiological studies on bloodstream infection (BSI) that include the proportion, species distribution and dynamic changes are scarce in China. This study was performed to understand these epidemiological data of BSI over the past 10 years in China. Methods: Using real-time nosocomial infection surveillance system, this study was retrospectively performed in one of the largest hospitals in China. The time trend was tested using the Cochran-Armitage trend test in R Programming Language.Results: From 2010 to 2019, there were totally 9381 episodes of BSI cases out of 1,437,927 adult-hospitalized patients in the hospital, the total proportion of BSI cases was 6.50‰ (6.50 episodes per 1000 adult-hospitalized patients per year) and the proportion had significantly decreased (8.24‰ to 6.07‰, time trend P<0.001). Among the 9381 episodes of BSI, 93.1% were bacteremia and others were fungemia (6.9%). As the most common species, the composition ratios of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (25.6% to 32.5%), Escherichia coli (9.8% to 13.6%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (5.3% to 10.4%) had been dynamically increased (all time trends P<0.05) and the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had decreased (4.0% to 2.4%, time trend P=0.032). However, Staphylococcus aureus (3.3% to 3.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.4% to 4.2%) had not changed significantly (P>0.05). These common species were consistent with China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network reported in 2018 (2018 CHINET report), but their composition ratios were different. Additionally, among bacteremia, the proportion of multidrug-resistant bacteria gradually increased from 52.9% to 68.4% (time trend P<0.001). Conclusion: The proportion and species distribution of BSI were dynamically changing along certain trends. These trends deserved more attention from clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals The incidence rate, species distribution and dynamic trends of bloodstream infection in China, 2010-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiewei Cui ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Xiaofei Qiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Composition Ratios

Abstract Background Recent epidemiological studies on bloodstream infections (BSIs) that include the incidence rate, species distribution and dynamic changes are scarce in China. This study was performed to understand these epidemiological data of BSIs over the past 10 years in China. Method Using real-time nosocomial infection surveillance system, this study was retrospectively performed on BSIs in one of the largest hospitals in China, from January 2010 to December 2019. Results From 2010 to 2019, there were totally 9381 episodes of BSIs out of 1,437,927 adult hospitalized patients in the hospital, the total incidence rate of BSIs was 6.50‰ (6.50 episodes per 1000 adult-hospitalized patients per year) and the incidence rates had significantly decreased (8.24‰ to 6.00‰, time trend P <0.05). Among the 9381 episodes of BSIs, 93.1% were bacteremia and others (6.9%) were fungemia. As the most common species, the composition ratios of coagulase-negative staphylococcus (25.6% to 32.5%), Escherichia coli (9.8% to 13.6%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (5.3% to 10.4%) had been dynamic increased (time trends P <0.05) and the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had dynamic decreased (4.0% to 2.4%, time trend P =0.007). However, Staphylococcus aureus (3.3% to 3.1%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.4% to 4.2%) had not changed significantly (time trend P >0.05). These common species were consistent with China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network reported in 2018 (2018 CHINET report), but their composition ratios were different. Additionally, among bacteremia, the proportion of the multidrug-resistant bacteria gradually increased from 52.9% to 68.4% (time trend P <0.001). Conclusion The incidence rate and the species distribution had been dynamic changing and this study could be supplements to the 2018 CHINET report.

scholarly journals Independent Behavior of Commensal Flora for Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacteria in Patients at Admission

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5193-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoire de Lastours ◽  
Françoise Chau ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Blandine Pasquet ◽  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the three main commensal floras from hospitalized patients at admission, targeting Escherichia coli in the fecal flora, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in the nasal flora, and α-hemolytic streptococci in the pharyngeal flora. Resistant strains were detected on quinolone-containing selective agar. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected. A total of 555 patients were included. Carriage rates of resistance were 8.0% in E. coli, 30.3% in CNS for ciprofloxacin, and 27.2% in streptococci for levofloxacin; 56% of the patients carried resistance in at least one flora but only 0.9% simultaneously in all floras, which is no more than random. Risk factors associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains differed between fecal E. coli (i.e., colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria) and nasal CNS (i.e., age, coming from a health care facility, and previous antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone) while no risk factors were identified for pharyngeal streptococci. Despite high rates of colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, each commensal flora behaved independently since simultaneous carriage of resistance in the three distinct floras was uncommon, and risk factors differed. Consequences of environmental selective pressures vary in each commensal flora according to its local specificities (clinical trial NCT00520715 [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00520715 ]).

scholarly journals Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Clinical Infections and Association with Epidemiological Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S366-S366
Author(s):  
Sanjana Mukherjee ◽  
Rebekah Mosci ◽  
Chase Anderson ◽  
Brian Snyder ◽  
James Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Foodborne Infections

Abstract Background STEC and NTS are leading causes of foodborne infections in the US. Monitoring resistance in these pathogens is essential to understand the distribution of resistance profiles and because of the high likelihood of horizontal transfer of resistance genes to other pathogens. Data involving resistance in clinical STEC and NTS isolates from Michigan is lacking. Methods Clinical STEC (n = 353) and NTS (n = 148) isolates from the MDHHS (2010–2014) were examined for resistance using disk diffusion, E-test or broth microdilution. Case information and epidemiological data for STEC isolates was extracted and associations with resistant infections were determined using chi square tests in SAS 9.3 and EpiInfo™ 7. Results Overall, 31 (8.8%, n = 353) STEC isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic; high frequencies of resistance were observed for ampicillin (7.4%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4.0%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.28%) and all three drug classes (0.28%) was less common. Preliminary results indicate that O157 resistance to ampicillin (4.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.4%) was higher in Michigan compared with national frequencies (ampicillin = 2.7%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole= 1.5%). Higher resistance frequencies were also observed in counties with high (11.3%) vs. low (7.7%) antibiotic prescription rates. For NTS, 23 (15.5%) isolates were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic. Resistance varied by serotype with high frequencies in Typhimurium (20%, n = 20), Newport (17.6%, n = 17) and Enteritidis (4.8%, n = 42); 11 (7.4%) NTS isolates were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. Conclusion Continuous monitoring of resistance in clinical STEC and NTS is warranted due to their importance as food pathogens. The identification of risk factors for resistance is crucial to develop alternative prevention practices to reduce the health burden of resistant infections in Michigan, which is not part of the FoodNet surveillance network. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

CLINICALAND MYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS IN A HILLY STATE OF NORTH - EAST INDIA .

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Subrata kumar Das ◽  
Saptadipa Das
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of nger nails and toe nails. It is a non life threatening condition and requires long-term treatment. Mostly patients seek medical care for cosmetic purpose unless it gets secondarily infected and produce pain. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of various causative agents of onychomycosis and to study the clinical and mycological patterns of onychomycosis . Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study which was carried over a period of one year , from December 2019 to November 2020 . A total of 47 patients were included in the study , who visited Dermatology OPD of SMIMS , Sikkim, India. After clinical evaluation , nail samples were subjected for KOH mount and culture. Results:This study included 47 patients of clinically diagnosed onychomycosis , 30 males and 17 males . In the present study maximum number of patients belonged to the age group 30-40 years with 28 patients . Most of the study subjects , 22 were agricultural worker . We found that trauma to the nails was the commonest predisposing factor 17. Out of 47 patients 33 patients were KOH positive and 21 patients were culture positive. Most common type of onychomycosis was Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis with 2 cases . Most common species identied in our study was T.rubram with 5 patients , followed by T. mentagrophytes with 3 patients. Conclusion: Along dermatophytes , NDM and yeasts were also common aetiological agents of onychomycosis. Since onychomycosis can cause physical , psychological and occupational problems, the clinico-epidemiological data can be helpful in development of preventive and diagnostic strategies.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida isolates from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD 2011–16 study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv48-iv54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Fuller ◽  
Tanis C Dingle ◽  
Amy Bull ◽  
Sandy Shokoples ◽  
Michel Laverdière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the epidemiology of invasive Candida infections is essential to patient management decisions and antifungal stewardship practices. This study characterized the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of prospectively collected isolates of Candida species causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals located in 14 cities across 8 of the 10 Canadian provinces between 2011 and 2016.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using CLSI methods, breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values. DNA sequencing of fks loci was performed on all echinocandin-non-susceptible isolates.ResultsCandida albicans (49.6%), Candida glabrata (20.8%) and Candida parapsilosis complex (12.0%) were the most common species out of 1882 isolates associated with BSIs. Candida tropicalis (5.2%), Candida krusei (4.3%), Candida dubliniensis (4.1%), Candida lusitaniae (1.4%) and Candida guilliermondii (1.1%) were less frequently isolated. Between 2011 and 2016, the proportion of C. albicans significantly decreased from 60.9% to 42.1% (P < 0.0001) while that of C. glabrata significantly increased from 16.4% to 22.4% (P = 0.023). C. albicans (n = 934), C. glabrata (n = 392) and C. parapsilosis complex (n = 225) exhibited 0.6%, 1.0% and 4.9% resistance to fluconazole and 0.1%, 2.5% and 0% resistance to micafungin, respectively. Mutations in fks hot-spot regions were confirmed in all nine micafungin non-susceptible C. glabrata.ConclusionsAntifungal resistance in contemporary isolates of Candida causing BSIs in Canada is uncommon. However, the proportion of C. glabrata isolates has increased and echinocandin resistance in this species has emerged. Ongoing surveillance of local hospital epidemiology and appropriate antifungal stewardship practices are necessary to preserve the utility of available antifungal agents.

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