scholarly journals The network of international trade in services

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Tajoli ◽  
Federico Airoldi ◽  
Carlo Piccardi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Global Properties ◽  
International Services ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWhile the share of services in international trade has been increasing very slowly over the years, oscillating around 20 per cent since the 1990s, their role has constantly gained importance. Trade in services certainly faces many more obstacles than trade in goods, but its impact on globalization and countries’ competitiveness is crucial, and it is therefore worth investigating its characteristics. The present work aims to analyse the networks of international trade in services and to unveil specific properties by exploiting a number of existing methodologies and algorithms. After describing the global properties of the networks of the various service classes, we investigate differences and similarities among them, and we highlight the most influential countries in the trade of specific services. We find that traded services display sharply different characteristics and they can be grouped in two different sets according to their network structures. Countries’ positions in these networks are diversified, with connections unevenly distributed, especially for some service categories. We discover that the structure of links, i.e. the topology of the networks, identifies the role of countries much more clearly than the sole amount of services traded. Overall, the results highlight important features, as well as changes over time, in the landscape of the international services.

A five-decade review of gender-based occupational segregation: A bibliometric study of influential authors, institutions, and research clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Leena Sachdeva ◽  
Kumkum Bharti ◽  
Mridul Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differential ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Web

Despite the proliferation of occupational segregation research, only a limited amount has explored it from a gender perspective. The attention that has been given is widely scattered and requires an analysis to identify the major works undertaken and the changes over time. This study aimed to examine and assimilate articles published on gender-based occupational segregation through a bibliometric analysis. The study examined 512 articles published from the early 1970s to 2020 that were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The findings suggest that gender and occupational segregation remain an extensive field of research, although this research comes mainly from North American and European countries. The low representation from developing countries indicates that more research is needed based on these different socio-cultural settings. This study identified three dominant research clusters, namely gendered organisational structures and systems, measurement of occupational segregation, and wage differential. Studies also covered areas including conceptualization, LGBTQ issues, and the role of legislation and institutions in reducing workplace inequalities; thus, providing a direction for scholars and practitioners.

scholarly journals Knowledge in (Trans)Training and the Role of Experts: Curricula, Mathematics Education and Teacher Training, 1920-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Valente ◽  
André Francisco de Almeida ◽  
Marylúcia Cavalcante Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Mathematics for basic and elementary schools and teacher education changes over time; and their official expression is given by these documents that guide teaching work in schools. Objective: What processes and dynamics are involved in the systematisation of new knowledge in the production of curriculum references? In particular, the text focuses on mathematics for the first school years. Design: The analysis of curricular reforms, considering official documents, prioritises the role of specialists, treated as experts, considering that following the actions of these researchers it may be possible to answer the main question of the study. Results: Analysis shows that the changes that have occurred over time, from teaching programs to the current BNCC, are linked to the progressive stratification of experts who go from being a highly visible public authority to an increasing set of representatives from different social segments interested in the curricular debate. Conclusions: This stratification makes it more difficult to locate those specialists responsible for the internal organisation of the proposals with regard to teaching objects, the content of mathematics to be present in teaching and teacher training.

Tracking the development of co-management: using network analysis in a case from the Canadian Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Erik Kocho-Schellenberg ◽  
Fikret Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Functional Problem ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Indigenous Land

ABSTRACTTo understand the interplay of factors that shape changes in management strategies, we tracked the evolution of beluga whale co-management involving the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC), and the Tuktoyaktuk Hunter and Trapper Committee from its beginnings in the mid-1980s to the present. The objective was to analyse changes over time in the communication network involved in dealing with the Husky Lakes beluga entrapment issue, using social network analysis (SNA). Along with qualitative information, the use of SNA provided quantitative data to document the development of co-management over time. According to both government and indigenous parties, a fully functional problem-solving partnership developed over the course of two decades. Using the beluga case as the illustration, we traced the development of joint management processes, overcoming some of the initial obstacles and accommodating the needs of the various parties. This case demonstrates the importance of legal arrangements (the indigenous land claims agreement), the role of key individuals and the bridging organisation (FJMC) created by the agreement, and the maturation of co-management over time.

Business and Social Networks in International Trade

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Over Time

The first two main sections survey the roles of transnational networks in alleviating problems of contract enforcement and providing information about trading opportunities, respectively. The next section covers how domestic networks influence international trade through their impact on domestic market structure. Two overarching questions unify these sections: how do networks affect efficiency, and will networks grow or shrink in importance for international trade over time. The last main sections develop research agendas for two less studied areas: the role of intermediaries who can connect foreign agents to domestic networks and the ability of transnational production networks to facilitate technology transfer.

scholarly journals The NAIRU in Theory and Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Ball ◽  
N. Gregory Mankiw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Business Cycle Theory ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This paper discusses the NAIRU—the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment. It first considers the role of the NAIRU concept in business cycle theory, arguing that this concept is implicit in any model in which monetary policy influences both inflation and unemployment. The exact value of the NAIRU is hard to measure, however, in part because it changes over time. The paper then discusses why the NAIRU changes and, in particular, why it fell in the United States during the 1990s. The most promising hypothesis is that the decline in the NAIRU is attributable to the acceleration in productivity growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Authentic Leadership on Athletes’ Achievement and Moral Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Malloy ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Mariya Yukhymenko
Keyword(s):  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Team Culture ◽  
Moral Outcomes ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Introduction Authentic leadership is a form of leadership which could result in positive outcomes in athletes, yet, it has received limited research attention in sport. We conducted two studies, in which we investigated: (a) whether authentic leadership is related to athletes’ achievement and moral outcomes via trust and the culture of the team (Study 1); and (b) whether authentic leadership is related to changes in athlete outcomes directly and indirectly through changes in trust and cohesion over time (Study 2). MethodIn both studies data were collected via questionnaires. In Study 1, participants were 366 (240 females, Mage = 21.07) team sport athletes. In Study 2, they were 421 (227 females, Mage = 20.32) team sport athletes at time 1 and 247 athletes at time 2 (5 months later). ResultsIn Study 1, authentic leadership was positively related to athletes’ trust and team culture which in turn were related to athletes’ commitment, positive affect and perceptions of their teammates’ prosocial behaviours. In Study 2, changes over time in authentic leadership were related to athletes’ perceptions of their teammates’ prosocial behaviours and enjoyment, both directly and indirectly via changes in trust and cohesion.ConclusionsOur findings enhance our understanding of authentic leadership in sport and highlight its importance in predicting crucial positive athlete outcomes.

scholarly journals International trade in services: The role of international shipping

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 376-399
Author(s):  
Ivana Popovic-Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Merchandise Trade

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is one of the World Trade Organization's most important agreements. This accord is the first and only set of multilateral rules covering international trade in services. It is a framework for international trade in services and a legal basis for resolving conflicting national interests. For the past two decades, trade in services has grown faster than merchandise trade. Currently, they represent more than two thirds of the World Gross Domestic Product. As the term services covers a wide range of intangible and heterogeneous products and activities, there has been an increasing demand for detailed, relevant and internationally comparable statistical information on trade in services. In the last ten years, the share of transportation services in international trade in commercial services was steady and amounted to about one quarter.

scholarly journals South Korea’s and China’s catching-up: a new-developmentalist analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-284
Author(s):  
LUIZ CARLOS BRESSER-PEREIRA ◽  
ELIAS JABBOUR ◽  
LUIZ FERNANDO DE PAULA
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to analyze the catching-up processes of South Korea and post-1978 reforms China, based on a new-developmentalist approach that considers four fundamental factors: 1) a complementarity relationship between the state and the market as a dynamic process that changes over time; 2) necessary complementarity between macroeconomic policy and industrial policy; 3) the key role of public and development banks in attacking the problem of “development financing”; and a particular focus on 4) the centrality of exchange rate and balance of payments administration for the development process in these countries. The paper’s fundamental question is to what extent the catching-up process in these countries can be understood as the application of a new-developmentalist strategy, taking each country’s particular historical traits into account.

scholarly journals Development of Interest and Role of Choice During Sequential Knowledge Acquisition

AERA Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233285842092998
Author(s):  
Greta M. Fastrich ◽  
Kou Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Interest is an important motivational element for learning in the school environment. However, little research has directly addressed how interest changes over time as knowledge accumulates. To gain a better understanding of how knowledge acquisition influences intraindividual change of interest, we developed a novel paradigm in which participants gain step-by-step information about lesser known countries. After reading each piece of information, participants rated their interest in the country. Growth-curve modelling showed that interest grows during knowledge acquisition until it eventually stalls and starts to decline. We also found that the opportunity to choose information boosted the growth in interest and delayed its decline. Further analysis revealed that people disengaged from a topic (i.e., stopped accessing information about a particular country) when their interest started to decrease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document