scholarly journals Effect of anions on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmanaperumal Sundarabharathi ◽  
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma ◽  
Hemalatha Parangusan ◽  
Mahendran Chinnaswamy ◽  
Mariam Al Ali Al-Maadeed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polarized Surface ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract Synthetic nano hydroxyapatites (HA) have been considered as potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications because of its excellent biological properties. The present work deals with the synthesis of HA nanoparticles from different anion source materials via autoclave assisted hydrothermal method. All the prepared HA nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The XRD patterns reveal the pure and hexagonal phase structure with smaller crystallite size for HA obtained from various calcium salt precursors. HA particles prepared from nitrate precursors show spherical morphology with 32 nm grain size whereas those derived from the acetate, chloride and egg shell precursors respectively show needle-like, irregular and oval morphology. The effect of different anions on the dielectric properties and alternating conductivity of HA is investigated, as a polarized surface can trigger biological reactions. For the particles obtained from nitrate, acetate, chloride and egg shell precursors respectively give dielectric constant (εʹ) values of 9.96, 13.22, 9.92 and 10.86 at 5 MHz. The εʹ and dielectric loss (εʹʹ) values for the HA nanoparticles decrease with increase in the applied frequency as well. The alternating current conductivity values confirm that the as-synthesized HA samples exhibit insulating behavior. In short this article provides the various applicability of HA particles in optoelectronics and drug delivery. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Intercalated Kaolinite Nanoclays: Intercalation and Biocompatibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yilmaz ◽  
E. T. Irmak ◽  
Y. Turhan ◽  
S. Doğan ◽  
M. Doğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflectance Ftir

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to synthesize the intercalated kaolinite samples with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glutamic acid (GA), succinimide (SIM), cetylpyridiniumchloride (CPC), and hexadecyltrimethylammoniumchloride (HDTMA+); to characterize by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and to determine the hemocompatibility and the cytotoxic effects of the intercalated kaolinite nanoclays on human lymphocytes. It was found that the intercalation with DMSO did not cause any decrease in cell viability until its maximum concentration (500 µg/mL), however, the intercalation with SIM, CPC, and (HDTMA+) causd important decreases in lymphocyte viabilities. It was determined that no significant decrease was observed in protein content of the lymphocyte cells exposed to the kaolinite nanoclays except the ones intercalated with SIM. Furthermore, the pristine kaolinite nanoclays which were intercalated with DMSO, GA, and SIM exhibited high hemocompatibility and the nanoclays intercalated with CPC and (HDTMA+) were highly hemocompatibile for the amounts below 125 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. All the results of this work can serve for the human risk assesment of intercalated nanoclays.

scholarly journals Synthesis and optical properties of self-assembled flower-like CdS architectures by mixed solvothermal process

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Zhang ◽  
Yuhui Wu ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Shaoxing Huang ◽  
Dongjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wurtzite Phase ◽  
Strong Emission ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Phase

AbstractSelf-assembled CdS architectures with flower-like structures have been synthesized by a mixed solvothermal method using ethylene glycol and oleic acid as the mixed solvent at 160°C for 12 h. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the product exists as the hexagonal wurtzite phase and conatins of larger numbers of flower-like CdS architectures with diameters of 1.8–3 μm. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image reveal that the grain has better crystallinity. The optical properties of flower-like CdS architectures were also investigated by ultraviolet-visable (UV-vis) and photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. A strong peak at 490 nm is shown in the UV-vis absorption, while an emission at 486 nm and another strong emission at 712 nm are shown in the PL spectrum.

Single-molecule precursor-based approaches to cobalt sulphide nanostructures

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1927) ◽  
pp. 4249-4260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Ramasamy ◽  
Weerakanya Maneerprakorn ◽  
Mohammad A. Malik ◽  
Paul O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cobalt Sulphide ◽  
Microscopy Images

Cobalt complexes of 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-2,4-dithiobiuret, [Co{N(SCNMe 2 ) 2 } 3 ] ( 1 ), and 1,1,5,5-tetraisopropyl-2-thiobiuret, [Co{N(SOCN i Pr 2 ) 2 } 2 ] ( 2 ), have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes were used as single-molecule precursors for the preparation of cobalt sulphide nanoparticles by thermolysis in hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or oleylamine. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of as-prepared nanoparticles showed the hexagonal phase of Co 1− x S from complex 1 and mixtures of cubic and hexagonal Co 4 S 3 from complex 2 . Transmission electron microscopy images of material prepared from complex 1 showed spherical and trigonally shaped particles in the size range of 10–15 nm; whereas spheres, rods, trigonal prisms and pentagonally and hexagonally faceted crystallites were observed from complex 2 . This observation is the first of the Co 4 S 3 phase in a nanodispersed form.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hexagonal Phase Zn1-XMnxS (x = 0–0.05) Nanorods Using Single-Source Precursors

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Zhen Ni Du ◽  
Yong Cai Zhang ◽  
Zhi You Xu ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Single Source ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

The synthesis of hexagonal phase Zn1-xMnxS (x = 0–0.05) nanorods was achieved by hydrothermal treatment of zinc manganese diethyldithiocarbamates (Zn1-xMnx-(DDTC)2, x=0–0.05) in 40 mass % hydrate hydrazine aqueous solution at 180 °C for 12 h. The structure, composition and optical property of the obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra.

Clay minerals in the Namacotche Pegmatite Group from Zambezia Province, Mozambique: main constituents of late-stage secondary paragenesis

Clay Minerals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sequeira Braga ◽  
C. Leal Gomes ◽  
J. Duplay ◽  
H. Paquet
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractNamacotche gem-bearing pegmatites of Alto Ligonha pegmatite district are heterogeneous, strongly fractionated, and have large Li and Ta and extremely large Cs contents. Clay samples were collected in fracture infillings and dilation cavities with gemstones and were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and chemical analyses. The <2 μm fraction contains cookeite, illite, illite-smectite and suggested irregular mixed-layer cookeite-smectite, beidellite, montmorillonite, kaolinite and goethite.The XRD patterns of chlorite and their d values suggest the presence of ‘di-trioctahedral chlorite’ similar to cookeite-Ia polytype. Cookeite chemical analyses show that Li contents range from 0.82 to 1.08 atoms per half unit cell.A close relationship has been established between occurrences of gemstones and clay minerals. Some important textures and crystal chemistry are discussed.The main gemstones related to the Namacotche Pegmatite are: morganite (pink cesian beryl), kunzite (spodumene) and elbaite tourmaline. As the mechanisms responsible for the gemstone formation take place at low temperature, the clay minerals paragenesis cookeite ± cookeite-smectite interstratification ± beidellite + montmorillonite ± illite-smectite interstratification, represents a late-stage secondary paragenesis, generated by hydrothermal alteration.

scholarly journals Impact of Mg2+ and Zn2+ Addition on the Structural, Morphological, Physicochemical, Dielectric and Biological Properties of Hydroxyapatite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandhan Narayanasamy ◽  
Panneerselvam Ramaswamy ◽  
Poonguzhali Ramaswamy ◽  
Amali Roselin Arockiam ◽  
Joseph Panneerdoss Issac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Wet Chemical Precipitation

Abstract In the present work, the wet-chemical precipitation technique is employed to prepare Zinc/Magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (HAP). In doped HAP, the X-ray diffraction peak shifts to a higher angle because of the contraction of the lattice parameters along a - axis. The Raman peaks at 519, 440, 1464 cm-1 indicate the presence of Mg, Zn and CO32- in doped HAP respectively. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) measures the grain size of pure, 5% Zn and 5% Mg doped HAP, as 275, 510, and 251 nm respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the morphological change in HAP. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identifies the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ in doped HAP. The dopant elevates the hardness and dielectric constant, so the strength and the bone growth of HAP increases. All the doped samples show excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities than the pure HAP.

STUDY OF HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF Bi2Fe4O9

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
YIBO WANG ◽  
HUAJUN SUN ◽  
JING ZHOU ◽  
BO LI ◽  
CHENGYONG ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Highly oriented Bi2Fe4O9 nanosheets can be fabricated with Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O and Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. The as-prepared powders are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which exhibit an excellent orientation along the (00l) planes. The leakage current density and dielectric properties of the nanosheet samples are measured by Radiant Precision Workstation and HP4291B Impedance Analyzer, respectively. The effects of NaOH concentration on the phase transformation, sheet size and morphologies of the Bi2Fe4O9 crystallites are studied in this paper.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Flower-Like Cu2ZnSnS4Nanoflakes via a Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Route

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Long ◽  
Shuyi Mo ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Shangsen Chi ◽  
Zhengguang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Direct Band ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Average Size

Flower-like Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) nanoflakes were synthesized by a facile and fast one-pot solution reaction using copper(II) acetate monohydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate, tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate, and thiourea as starting materials. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with an energy dispersion X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The XRD patterns shown that the as-synthesized particles were kesterite CZTS and Raman scattering analysis and EDS confirmed that kesterite CZTS was the only phase of product. The results of FESEM and TEM show that the as-synthesized particles were flower-like morphology with the average size of 1~2 μm which are composed of 50 nm thick nanoflakes. UV-Vis absorption spectrum revealed CZTS nanoflakes with a direct band gap of 1.52 eV.

scholarly journals Flame-Made Pt-Loaded TiO2Thin Films and Their Application as H2Gas Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerasak Chomkitichai ◽  
Hathaithip Ninsonthi ◽  
Chaikarn Liewhiran ◽  
Anurat Wisitsoraat ◽  
Saengrawee Sriwichai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrogen Gas Sensors ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Deposited Film

The hydrogen gas sensors were developed successfully using flame-made platinum-loaded titanium dioxide (Pt-loaded TiO2) nanoparticles as the sensing materials. Pt-loaded TiO2thin films were prepared by spin-coating technique onto Al2O3substrates interdigitated with Au electrodes. Structural and gas-sensing characteristics were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and showed surface morphology of the deposited film. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns can be confirmed to be the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that Pt nanoparticles deposited on larger TiO2nanoparticles. TiO2films loaded with Pt nanoparticles were used as conductometric sensors for the detection of H2. The gas sensing of H2was studied at the operating temperatures of 300, 350, and 400°C in dry air. It was found that 2.00 mol% Pt-loaded TiO2sensing films showed higher response towards H2gas than the unloaded film. In addition, the responses of Pt-loaded TiO2films at all operating temperatures were higher than that of unloaded TiO2film. The response increased and the response time decreased with increasing of H2concentrations.

Initial formation mechanisms of (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3275-3280 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Lee ◽  
J.Y. Lee ◽  
H.C. Jeon ◽  
T.W. Kang ◽  
H.Y. Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

The (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods were grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by using rf-associated molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected-area diffraction pattern (SADP) results showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods had (0001) preferential orientations. XRD patterns showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods contained a small number of grains with different preferred orientations. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods consisted of different preferentially oriented grains. The initial formation mechanisms for the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates are described on the basis of the XRD, the TEM, the SADP, and the HRTEM results.

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