scholarly journals Effects of slicing parameters on measured fill density for 3D printing of precision cylindrical constructs using Slic3r

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanth Ravi ◽  
Panos S. Shiakolas
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Drug Release Rate ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Parametric Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe goal of this research is to develop and verify an algorithm to predict the fill density of 3D printed cylindrical constructs as a function of critical slicing parameters. Open-source 3D printing is being applied to the pharmaceutical and biomedical domains where characteristics including drug release rate and compressive strength depend on fill density. Understanding how slicing parameters affect fill density in the printed construct is important to appropriately tailor these characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between slicing fill density (SFD), extrusion width (EW), layer height (LH), construct diameter and measured fill density (MFD). The developed algorithm provides novel insight into the effects of interconnects and rasters on the distribution of intra-matrix material. We analyze 27 combinations involving 3 levels of EW (0.40, 0.44, 0.48 mm), SFD (15, 25, 35%) and LH (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mm). The SFD is smaller than and deviates from MFD with a maximum error of 18.62% and from predicted fill density (PFD) with a maximum error of 19.50% compared to the maximum error of 4.30% between PFD and MFD. The predicted interconnect contribution and error reduce with increasing SFD and cylinder diameter but are more prominent at lower values. Our work highlights the perils of employing open-source 3D printing without a sound understanding of the underlying parametric relationships. The proposed predictive model could be used in conjunction with Slic3r, an open-source slicing software, to predict fill density to a reasonable degree of accuracy (less than 5% error) for relatively smaller cylindrical constructs.

Scope and Challenges of 3D Printing in Organ Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naman Shah ◽  
Sarthak Jain ◽  
Priyal Jain ◽  
Mamta Thakur
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Insight Into

Background: The influx of 3D printing in organ transplantation is currently a vigorous area of research and its success is still cynical. The review article focuses mainly on the scope and challenges in the applications of 3D printing in organ transplantation. The basic idea of the article is to highlight the current status of 3D printing in the area of organ transplant. Introduction: The review article covers the highlights of 3D printing, major steps incurred in the 3D printing of organs, challenges in the 3D printing and transplantation of organs and future prospects (Scope) in the area with special reference to the problem and failures encountered in organ transplantation of 3D printed organs. Method: The findings from available studies have been consolidated in the review article to have an insight into the scope and challenges in the area of 3D printed organ transplantation. Result: In this review study, it has been found that there are certain limitations of the 3D printed material based on the survival and multiplication in the in-vivo environment, which subsequently leads to the bio incompatibility of the organs. In addition to this, some other limitations which provide further scope of research in this area are also included. Conclusion: It has been concluded that 3D printing is an emerging solution in organ transplantation and prosthetics, but still, more refinement and technological advancement is needed to make it a completely feasible solution. The joint team of doctors, scientists and engineers need to work cross disciplinary to overcome the limitations and to develop this technique further for the betterment of mankind.

scholarly journals Effect of Structural Build-Up on Interlayer Bond Strength of 3D Printed Cement Mortars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Tinghong Pan ◽  
Yaqing Jiang ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Kangting Yin
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Nano Clay ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Interlayer Bond ◽  
Operational Time

Understanding the relationship between the intrinsic characteristics of materials (such as rheological properties and structural build-up) and printability and controlling intrinsic characteristics of materials through additives to achieve excellent printability is vital in digital concrete additive manufacturing. This paper aims at studying the effects of material’s structural build-up on the interlayer bond strength of 3DPC with different time gaps. Structural build-up can indirectly affect the interlayer bond strength by affecting the surface moisture of concrete. Based on the structural build-up of 3DPC, a new parameter, maximum operational time (MOT), is proposed, which can be considered as the limit of time gap to ensure high interlayer bond strength. Slump-retaining polycarboxylate superplasticizer (TS) slightly slows down the physical flocculation rate, but increases the maximum operational time of the cement paste. Nano clay significantly increases the sort-term structural build-up rate and has the function of internal curing and water retaining. Composite with nano-clay and TS can reduce the loss of surface moisture of 3D printed layers, prevent the formation of interface weak layer, and increase the interlayer bond strength between printed layers. This contribution can provide new insight into the design of 3D-printed ink with good extrudability, outstanding buildability, and excellent interlayer bond strength.

scholarly journals Open-Source Script for Design and 3D Printing of Porous Structures for Soil Science

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Romain Bedell ◽  
Alaa Hassan ◽  
Anne-Julie Tinet ◽  
Javier Arrieta-Escobar ◽  
Delphine Derrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Porous Soil

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in soil science is relatively rare but offers promising directions for research. Having 3D-printed soil samples will help academics and researchers conduct experiments in a reproducible and participatory research network and gain a better understanding of the studied soil parameters. One of the most important challenges in utilizing 3D printing techniques for soil modeling is the manufacturing of a soil structure. Until now, the most widespread method for printing porous soil structures is based on scanning a real sample via X-ray tomography. The aim of this paper is to design a porous soil structure based on mathematical models rather than on samples themselves. This can allow soil scientists to design and parameterize their samples according to their desired experiments. An open-source toolchain is developed using a Lua script, in the IceSL slicer, with graphical user interface to enable researchers to create and configure their digital soil models, called monoliths, without using meshing algorithms or STL files which reduce the resolution of the model. Examples of monoliths are 3D-printed in polylactic acid using fused filament fabrication technology with a layer thickness of 0.20, 0.12, and 0.08 mm. The images generated from the digital model slicing are analyzed using open-source ImageJ software to obtain information about internal geometrical shape, porosity, tortuosity, grain size distribution, and hydraulic conductivities. The results show that the developed script enables designing reproducible numerical models that imitate soil structures with defined pore and grain sizes in a range between coarse sand (from 1 mm diameter) to fine gravel (up to 12 mm diameter).

scholarly journals Novel open-source 3D-printed eye mount (TEMPO) for the ophthalmology wet lab

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000685
Author(s):  
Michael Mak ◽  
Yejun Hong ◽  
William Murray Trask ◽  
Randy Thompson ◽  
Helen Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Facial Contours

ObjectiveProcuring an affordable eye mount that can stabilise a cadaveric eye and simulate a patient’s normal facial contours represents an ongoing challenge in the ophthalmology simulation wet lab, with notable limitations to all currently available commercial options. This project uses computer-assisted design and three-dimensional (3D)-printing techniques to tackle these challenges for ophthalmologic surgical training.Methods and AnalysisProof-of-concept study. Using Autodesk Fusion 360, we designed and 3D-printed a modular device that consists of 11 pieces forming a head structure. Standard OR tubing and syringes were adapted to create an adjustable-suction system to affix cadaveric eyes. Further modular inserts were customised to house non-cadaveric simulation eyes.ResultsThree-dimensional eye mount for procedures in ophthalmology (TEMPO) reliably fixed a cadaveric eye in stable position throughout surgical manipulation. Trainees were able to drape and practice appropriate hand positioning while corneal suturing. Overall, this model was affordable, at a cost of approximately $C200 to print. The modular nature renders individual pieces convenient for replacement and customisable to simulate regional anatomical variation and accommodate non-cadaveric eyes.ConclusionsTEMPO represents an affordable, high-fidelity alternative to existing commercially available eye mounts. It reliably fixates cadaveric and simulation eyes and provides an enhanced surgical training experience by way of its realistic facial contours. It is released as an open-source computer-aided design file, customisable to interested trainees with appropriate software and 3D-printing capacity.

FINDUS: An Open-Source 3D Printable Liquid-Handling Workstation for Laboratory Automation in Life Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Barthels ◽  
Ulrich Barthels ◽  
Marvin Schwickert ◽  
Tanja Schirmeister
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Utility System ◽  
Assembly Instructions ◽  
3D Printed

3D-printed laboratory devices can enable ambitious research purposes even at a low-budget level. To follow this trend, here we describe the construction, calibration, and usage of the FINDUS (Fully Integrable Noncommercial Dispensing Utility System). We report the successful 3D printing and assembly of a liquid-handling workstation for less than $400. Using this setup, we achieve reliable and flexible liquid-dispensing automation with relative pipetting errors of less than 0.3%. We show our system is well suited for several showcase applications from both the biology and chemistry fields. In support of the open-source spirit, we make all 3D models, assembly instructions, and source code available for free download, rebuild, and modification.

scholarly journals An open source toolkit for 3D printed fluidics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. N. Price ◽  
Andrew J. Capel ◽  
Robert J. Lee ◽  
Patrick Pradel ◽  
Steven D. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Basic Flow ◽  
Chip Design ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Flow Components

Abstract As 3D printing technologies become more accessible, chemists are beginning to design and develop their own bespoke printable devices particularly applied to the field of flow chemistry. Designing functional flow components can often be a lengthy and laborious process requiring complex 3D modelling and multiple design iterations. In this work, we present an easy to follow design workflow for minimising the complexity of this design optimization process. The workflow follows the development of a 3D printable ‘toolkit’ of common fittings and connectors required for constructing basic flow chemistry configurations. The toolkit components consist of male threaded nuts, junction connectors and a Luer adapter. The files have themselves been made freely available and open source. The low cost associated with the toolkit may encourage educators to incorporate flow chemistry practical work into their syllabus such that students may be introduced to the principles of flow chemistry earlier on in their education and furthermore, may develop an early appreciation of the benefits of 3D printing in scientific research. In addition to the printable toolkit, the use of the 3D modelling platform – Rhino3D has been demonstrated for its application in fluidic reactor chip design modification. The simple user interface of the programme reduces the complexity and workload involved in printable fluidic reactor design.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Intelligence. Bioinspired 3D Printed Design on Textile

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pontillo ◽  
Carla Langella
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Direct Printing ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The Future ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Relationship

"Since its appearance in the world of design, 3D printing has been acclaimed as a new opportunity to free design thinking from the constraints imposed by traditional production processes. Over the past decade, additive systems have been applied in a variety of cultural and production contexts, crossing the boundaries of industry and beyond the semi-artisan dimension that has long characterized them. If 3D printing is now recognized as one of the production methods of the future, it is necessary to question the next prospects and especially the future of the relationship between design and additive technologies. This paper intends to propose the scenario of the use of additive technologies of direct printing on fabrics as a new frontier of design and production that allows the development of changeable, flexible and composite artifacts increasingly related to the multi-functionality of nature and the human body and increasingly adaptable to the complexity of the needs of contemporary living."

scholarly journals A Portable 3D-Printed Platform for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile Infection and Malaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichiro Tsuda ◽  
Lewis A. Fraser ◽  
Salah Sharabi ◽  
Mohammed Hezwani ◽  
Andrew Kinghorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed

Here, we integrate 3D-printing technology with low-cost open source electronics to develop a portable diagnostic platform suitable for a wide variety of diagnostic and sensing assays. We demonstrate two different clinical applications in the diagnosis of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection and malaria.

scholarly journals Desktop 3D Printing: Key for Surgical Navigation in Acral Tumors?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8984
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreta-Martinez ◽  
José Antonio Calvo-Haro ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Mañanes ◽  
Mónica García-Sevilla ◽  
Lydia Mediavilla-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Camera Tracking ◽  
Oncologic Surgery ◽  
3D Printed

Surgical navigation techniques have shown potential benefits in orthopedic oncologic surgery. However, the translation of these results to acral tumor resection surgeries is challenging due to the large number of joints with complex movements of the affected areas (located in distal extremities). This study proposes a surgical workflow that combines an intraoperative open-source navigation software, based on a multi-camera tracking, with desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing for accurate navigation of these tumors. Desktop 3D printing was used to fabricate patient-specific 3D printed molds to ensure that the distal extremity is in the same position both in preoperative images and during image-guided surgery (IGS). The feasibility of the proposed workflow was evaluated in two clinical cases (soft-tissue sarcomas in hand and foot). The validation involved deformation analysis of the 3D-printed mold after sterilization, accuracy of the system in patient-specific 3D-printed phantoms, and feasibility of the workflow during the surgical intervention. The sterilization process did not lead to significant deformations of the mold (mean error below 0.20 mm). The overall accuracy of the system was 1.88 mm evaluated on the phantoms. IGS guidance was feasible during both surgeries, allowing surgeons to verify enough margin during tumor resection. The results obtained have demonstrated the viability of combining open-source navigation and desktop 3D printing for acral tumor surgeries. The suggested framework can be easily personalized to any patient and could be adapted to other surgical scenarios.

Anisotropic Material Behaviors of 3D Printed Carbon-Fiber Polymer Composites With Open-Source Printers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Garcia ◽  
Robert Harper ◽  
Y. Charles Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

Abstract Composite products are often created using traditional manufacturing methods such as compression or injection molding. Recently, additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques have been used for fabricating composites. 3D printing is the process of producing three-dimensional parts through the successive combination of various layers of material. This layering effect in combination with exposure to ambient (or reduced) temperature and pressure cause the finished products to have inconsistent microstructures. The inconsistent microstructures along with the oriented reinforcing fibers create anisotropic parts with difficulty to predict mechanical properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer composites produced by additive manufacturing technique (3D printing) and by traditional manufacturing technique (compression molding) were investigated. Three open-source 3D printers, i.e. FlashForge Dreamer, Tevo Tornado, and Prusa i3 Mk3, were used to fabricate bending samples from carbon-fiber reinforced ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Results showed that there exist significant discrepancies and anisotropies in mechanical properties of 3D printed composites. First, the properties vary greatly among parts made from different printers. Secondly, the mechanical responses of 3D printed parts strongly depend upon the orientations of the filaments. Parts with the infill oriented along the length of the specimens showed the most favorable mechanical responses such as Young’s modulus, maximum strength, and toughness. Thirdly, all 3D printed parts exhibit inferior properties to those made by conventional manufacturing. Finally, theoretical modeling has been attempted to predict the mechanical responses of 3D printed products and can potentially be used to “design” the 3D printing processes to achieve the optimal performance.

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